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- Franklin, Karl, et al.
(författare)
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Early life environment and snoring in adulthood
- 2008
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 9:1, s. 63-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, no studies of the possible association of early life environment with snoring in adulthood have been published. We aimed to investigate whether early life environment is associated with snoring later in life. METHODS: A questionnaire including snoring frequency in adulthood and environmental factors in early life was obtained from 16,190 randomly selected men and women, aged 25-54 years, in Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Denmark and Estonia (response rate 74%). RESULTS: A total of 15,556 subjects answered the questions on snoring. Habitual snoring, defined as loud and disturbing snoring at least 3 nights a week, was reported by 18%. Being hospitalized for a respiratory infection before the age of two years (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.27; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.59), suffering from recurrent otitis as a child (OR = 1.18; 95%CI 1.05-1.33), growing up in a large family (OR = 1.04; 95%CI 1.002-1.07) and being exposed to a dog at home as a newborn (OR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.12-1.42) were independently related to snoring later in life and independent of a number of possible confounders in adulthood. The same childhood environmental factors except household size were also related with snoring and daytime sleepiness combined. CONCLUSION: The predisposition for adult snoring may be partly established early in life. Having had severe airway infections or recurrent otitis in childhood, being exposed to a dog as a newborn and growing up in a large family are environmental factors associated with snoring in adulthood.
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| 4. |
- Berg, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing performance of supply chain risk management programmes : A tentative approach
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management. - 1466-8297. ; 9:3, s. 288-310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This exploratory study provides initial directions about how risk management programmes could be assessed in a supply chain setting and discusses how such a measurement system could be designed. Measures are needed both for the management to evaluate the success of actions taken in supply chain risk management, as well as for the (supply chain) risk manager to communicate the value of his work. A number of indicators could show whether it is successful, for example, in reducing risk consequences, addressing the right risk sources and developing the right risk management processes. A central question within assessing risk management programmes is how to link risk management activities to outcomes. A tentative framework, based on a quality model, is proposed to assess the performance of supply chain risk management work. It highlights the importance of trying to capture both the capabilities of supply chain risk management and the results of the work.
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| 5. |
- de Maré, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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A cultivation technique for E. coli fed-batch cultivations operating close to the maximum oxygen transfer capacity of the reactor
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biotechnology Letters. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0141-5492 .- 1573-6776. ; 27:14, s. 983-990
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cultivation strategy combining the advantages of temperature-limited fed-batch and probing feeding control is presented. The technique was evaluated in fed-batch cultivations with E. coli BL21(DE3) producing xylanase in a 3 liter bioreactor. A 20% increase in cell mass was achieved and the usual decrease in specific enzyme activity normally observed during the late production phase was diminished with the new technique. The method was further tested by growing E. coli W3110 in a larger bioreactor (50 l). It is a suitable cultivation technique when the O2 transfer capacity of the reactor is reached and it is desired to continue to produce the recombinant protein.
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| 6. |
- Geijer, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing the tube potential for lumbar spine radiography with a flat-pane digital detector
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0007-1285 .- 1748-880X. ; 82:973, s. 62-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to find the optimal settings for lumbar spine radiography with a flat-panel detector. A CDRAD contrast-detail phantom was imaged at various tube potentials, system speeds and filtration settings. Factorial experiments yielded a range of optimized exposure settings, which were submitted to visual grading analysis with images of an Alderson phantom. The first optimized settings involved a system speed increase from 400 to 800. For anteroposterior projection, the optimal tube potential was reduced from the default of 77 kV to 60 kV to give the best image quality without increasing the effective dose, or to 66 kV to give the lowest dose without reducing image quality. For lateral projection, the tube potential was similarly reduced from the default of 90 kV to 70 kV or 77 W. Visual grading analysis confirmed the results, with significantly better image quality when optimizing for image quality. The study thus shows that the tube potential can be reduced as long as the system speed is increased simultaneously. This leads to a lower effective dose and/or increased image quality depending on the settings chosen. The factorial experiments provided a powerful way to evaluate several parameters concomitantly.
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| 8. |
- Holm, Mathias, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Remission of asthma : a prospective longitudinal study from northern Europe (RHINE study).
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 30:1, s. 62-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate the remission rate of adult asthma in a general population sample in relation to age, sex, asthma symptoms, allergic rhinitis and smoking. A follow-up of the random population samples from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey in Northern Europe was conducted from 1999-2001 on 1,153 individuals (aged 2653 yrs) with reported asthma. Remission was defined as no asthmatic symptoms in two consecutive years and no current use of asthma medication. Remission rates per 1,000 personyrs were calculated and Cox regression models, adjusting for confounders, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (Cl). An average remission rate of 20.2 per 1,000 person-yrs was found. There was no significant difference according to sex; the remission rates were 21.7 and 17.8 per 1,000 person-yrs in females and males, respectively. An increased remission rate was observed among subjects who quit smoking during the observation period. Subjects not reporting any asthma symptom at baseline had an increased remission rate. In the Cox regression model, ex-smoking (HR 1.65, 95% Cl 1.01-2.71) was associated with increased remission rate, and reporting any asthma symptom at baseline was associated with decreased remission rate (HR 0.7, 95% Cl 0.40-0.90). In conclusion, the present prospective longitudinal study showed that quitting smoking and the presence of mild disease appeared to favour remission.
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| 10. |
- Laerum, Birger N, et al.
(författare)
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Young maternal age at delivery is associated with asthma in adult offspring
- 2007
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Ingår i: Respiratory Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0954-6111 .- 1532-3064. ; 101:7, s. 1431-1438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Some studies have shown an association between lower maternal age at delivery and increased asthma in children and young adults. It is unclear whether this represents an effect of maternal ageing or a protective effect of siblings. In a North-European population based study, we investigated whether mother's age at delivery was associated with risk for asthma and hay fever in adult offspring, taking into account relevant confounders. Methods: A total of 16,190 subjects (74%) aged 23-54yr answered a postal questionnaire in a follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS I). Results: The associations of maternal age at delivery with hay fever, respiratory symptoms and diagnosed asthma were analysed using logistic regression, adjusting for household size, dwelling, parental education, centre, gender, adult hay fever, smoking, age and body mass index (BMI). The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for wheeze with breathlessness, wheeze without a cold and asthma in the offspring were 0.94 (0.90-0.99), 0.89 (0.86-0.94) and 0.92 (0.88-0.97), respectively, per 5yr increase in maternal age. No heterogeneity between centres was found (p = 0.84). The estimates remained similar in sub-sample analyses when adjusting for siblings, maternal smoking (n = 3109) and for birth weight (n = 1686). Hay fever was more common among those with the youngest and oldest mothers. Conclusions: In this large North-European multi-centre study, asthma was less common with increasing maternal age. This effect was consistent between centres and persisted with adjustment for several potential confounders, suggesting that the association may possibly be explained by biological changes related to maternal ageing.
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