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- Alshamari, Muhammed, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Low-dose computed tomography of the lumbar spine: a phantom study on imaging parameters and image quality
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 55:7, s. 824-832
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Lumbar spine radiography has limited diagnostic value but low radiation dose compared with computed tomography (CT). The average effective radiation dose from lumbar spine radiography is about 1.1 mSv. Low-dose lumbar spine CT may be an alternative to increase the diagnostic value at low radiation dose, around 1 mSv. Purpose: To determine the optimal settings for low-dose lumbar spine CT simultaneously aiming for the highest diagnostic image quality possible. Material and Methods: An ovine lower thoracic and lumbar spine phantom, with all soft tissues around the vertebrae preserved except the skin, was placed in a 20 L plastic container filled with water. The phantom was scanned repeatedly with various technical settings; different tube potential, reference mAs, and with different convolution filters. Five radiologists evaluated the image quality according to a modification of the European guidelines for multislice computed tomography (MSCT) quality criteria for lumbar spine CT 2004. In a visual comparison the different scans were also ranked subjectively according to perceived image quality. Image noise and contrast were measured. Results: A tube potential of 120 kV with reference mAs 30 and medium or medium smooth convolution filter gave the best image quality at a sub-millisievert dose level, i.e. with an effective dose comparable to that from lumbar spine radiography. Conclusion: Low-dose lumbar spine CT thus opens a possibility to substitute lumbar spine radiography with CT without obvious increase in radiation dose.
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| 3. |
- Norrman Brandt, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Leader capabilities in the 21st century
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We know from decades of empirical research in adult development that leaders at more advanced stages of development are more effective than their counterparts in carrying out a variety of leaderships’ tasks, but also that few leaders have these advanced level of leadership (Joiner & Josephs 2007; Torbert 1987). But are leaders up to the task of handling complex issues at work? Knowing that the complexity and speed of change requires higher levels of adult development it seems obvious that there is a need for supporting managers to develop their level of development and maybe recruit leaders with a higher level of development. There is a need for research focusing on the link between adult ego development in leaders and transformational leadership (McCauley, Drath, Palus, O´Connor&Baker 2006), and studies on leader-follower interaction.The aim of this study is firstly to examine the correlation between leadership behaviors, value systems and complexity, and secondly if the correlation between self report and subordinates evaluation of leadership are higher for individuals with more advanced levels of value systems and/or levels of leadership.Participants are managers in 4 Scandinavian organizations in different market segments including municipalities. The mangers are invited to answer a basic web survey including three instruments: a value system questionnaire (Sjölander et al.2013); Developmental Leadership Questionnaire which is a hierarchical test based on the theory of transformational leadership and it measures leadership behaviors through a self-evaluation and a 360 test where subordinates evaluate leadership of the manager; and a complexity test. Some managers do only the self-evaluation and some a full 360 feedback test. The study is carried out in the spring 2014 and preliminary results will be presented.
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| 4. |
- Rasmuson, Johan, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Time to revise the paradigm of hantavirus syndromes? Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by European hantavirus
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0934-9723 .- 1435-4373. ; 30:5, s. 685-690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hantaviruses have previously been recognised to cause two separate syndromes: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Eurasia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the Americas. However, increasing evidence suggests that this dichotomy is no longer fruitful when recognising human hantavirus disease and understanding the pathogenesis. Herein are presented three cases of severe European Puumala hantavirus infection that meet the HPS case definition. The clinical and pathological findings were similar to those found in American hantavirus patients. Consequently, hantavirus infection should be considered as a cause of acute respiratory distress in all endemic areas worldwide.
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