| 1. |
- Amanullah, Rahman, et al.
(författare)
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Spectra and Hubble Space Telescope Light Curves of Six Type Ia Supernovae at 0.511 < z < 1.12 and the Union2 Compilation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 716, s. 712-738
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on work to increase the number of well-measured Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at high redshifts. Light curves, including high signal-to-noise Hubble Space Telescope data, and spectra of six SNe Ia that were discovered during 2001, are presented. Additionally, for the two SNe with z > 1, we present ground-based J-band photometry from Gemini and the Very Large Telescope. These are among the most distant SNe Ia for which ground-based near-IR observations have been obtained. We add these six SNe Ia together with other data sets that have recently become available in the literature to the Union compilation. We have made a number of refinements to the Union analysis chain, the most important ones being the refitting of all light curves with the SALT2 fitter and an improved handling of systematic errors. We call this new compilation, consisting of 557 SNe, the Union2 compilation. The flat concordance ΛCDM model remains an excellent fit to the Union2 data with the best-fit constant equation-of-state parameter w = -0.997+0.050 -0.054(stat)+0.077 -0.082(stat + sys together) for a flat universe, or w = -1.038+0.056 -0.059(stat)+0.093 -0.097(stat + sys together) with curvature. We also present improved constraints on w(z). While no significant change in w with redshift is detected, there is still considerable room for evolution in w. The strength of the constraints depends strongly on redshift. In particular, at z >~ 1, the existence and nature of dark energy are only weakly constrained by the data. Based in part on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc. under the NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The observations are associated with programs HST-GO-08585 and HST-GO-09075. Based, in part, on observations obtained at the ESO La Silla Paranal Observatory (ESO programs 67.A-0361 and 169.A-0382). Based, in part, on observations obtained at the Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO). Based on observations obtained at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT). Based, in part, on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory (Gemini programs GN-2001A-SV-19 and GN-2002A-Q-31). Based, in part on observations obtained at the Subaru Telescope. Based, in part, on data that were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory.
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| 2. |
- Baumgarten, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Embedding Self-Awareness into Objects of Daily Life - The Smart Kettle
- 2010
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Ingår i: 6th International Conference on Intelligent Environments. - Los Alamitos, Calif. - 9781424478361 ; , s. 34-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intelligent Environments on varying scales and for different purposes are slowly becoming a reality. In the near future, global smart world infrastructures will become a commodity that will support various activities of daily life at different degrees of realism. Such infrastructures have the potential to offer dedicated, context- and situation-aware information and services by simultaneously providing the next-generation of data collection, execution and service provisioning layers. One key aspect of this vision is the correct monitoring and understanding of how people interact with their environment; how they can actually benefit from the added intelligence; and finally how future services can be improved or better personalized to enhance human environment interaction as a whole. This level of intelligence is of particular relevance in the health and social care domain where person-centric services can be deployed to assist or even enable a person in performing activities of daily living. This paper discusses the concept of embedded self-aware profiles for smart devices that can be used to gain a deeper contextual understanding of their use and also discusses the emergence of a general model of Ambient Intelligence that is based on the collective existence and behavior of such smart devices. Although generic in principle, the proposed concepts have been exemplified by a distinct use case, namely a smart kettle.
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| 3. |
- Cleland, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal Placement of Accelerometers for the Detection of Everyday Activities
- 2013
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Ingår i: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 13:7, s. 9183-9200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article describes an investigation to determine the optimal placement of accelerometers for the purpose of detecting a range of everyday activities. The paper investigates the effect of combining data from accelerometers placed at various bodily locations on the accuracy of activity detection. Eight healthy males participated within the study. Data were collected from six wireless tri-axial accelerometers placed at the chest, wrist, lower back, hip, thigh and foot. Activities included walking, running on a motorized treadmill, sitting, lying, standing and walking up and down stairs. The Support Vector Machine provided the most accurate detection of activities of all the machine learning algorithms investigated. Although data from all locations provided similar levels of accuracy, the hip was the best single location to record data for activity detection using a Support Vector Machine, providing small but significantly better accuracy than the other investigated locations. Increasing the number of sensing locations from one to two or more statistically increased the accuracy of classification. There was no significant difference in accuracy when using two or more sensors. It was noted, however, that the difference in activity detection using single or multiple accelerometers may be more pronounced when trying to detect finer grain activities. Future work shall therefore investigate the effects of accelerometer placement on a larger range of these activities.
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| 4. |
- Kikhia, Basel
(författare)
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Supporting lifestories through activity recognition and digital reminiscence
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This licentiate thesis discusses how lifelogging technologies can be used to build digital reminiscence systems. Lifelogging is a recent pervasive computing trend where different aspects of someone’s life are captured digitally. The aim of the proposed system is to create digital lifestories that can visualize the life of a person and provide a means for retrieving life experiences. The target users are people with mild dementia who have problems in navigating their daily life and in recalling previous events. The claim is that digital lifestories can be utilized for memory and reminiscence support as well as strengthen the bond between a person with mild dementia and his family. The main focus of the research study is about designing and developing digital reminiscence systems that can be used by people with mild dementia as aiding memory tools. Creating digital lifestories requires capturing of context data, such as places and people, and content data, such as sound and images, using pervasive lifelogging tools. The passive and continues capture of data results in the occurrence of false data and noise. For that, the system should reduce the collected data to not overload the user when reviewing the lifelogs. Another problem is that the life should be segmented in the form of activities that are searchable and accessible. Thus the collected lifelog data should be aggregated and structured into semantic activities and then represented as digital lifestories where context data can be retrieved together with related content. This licentiate thesis proposes solutions for filtering collected data to reduce the user’s efforts when reminiscing. The thesis also presents a method that uses prior knowledge of context data to improve the recognition of activities when creating the digital lifestories. In addition, locations where the user spends significant time can help in determining context parameters such as activities. This licentiate thesis proposes a novel approach that collects and clusters logged locations of the user to improve the activity recognition task. The presented approach defines possible places first, and it then identifies activities based on those places. Images, as content data, are then associated with the activities based on their timeframes so the user can review and adjust the data before saving it to his lifestory. The presented digital reminiscence system was evaluated through a field-test involving 10 people with mild dementia together with their caregivers. Healthcare professionals were also involved in the design and the evaluation of the system to improve the outcome of the study. The preliminary results indicate that the system indeed improves the quality of life for people with mild dementia, as their reminiscence processes are encouraged and that the communication with their surroundings increases in both volume and quality. The thesis shows that digital reminiscence systems, which describe life through activities, can increase the perceived quality of life for people with mild dementia. It also shows that activity recognition can be improved by using prior knowledge of context data and by automatic location clustering.
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| 5. |
- McDonald, Heather A., et al.
(författare)
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An approach for the creation of accessible and shared datasets
- 2012
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Ingår i: Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence. - New York : Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology/Springer Verlag. - 9783642353765 ; , s. 224-232
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to the change in global demographics, a significant amount of research is being directed towards developing solutions to monitor and support the ageing as they perform activities of daily living. Research in this area is, however, being limited by the lack of shareable datasets available to support the development and evaluation of data driven activity recognition models. In our current work we have developed a suite of resources in an attempt to establish an openly available data repository where all datasets share a common format for the purposes of data storage. Within this paper the homeML Toolkit and the homeML Repository are presented. Results from a usability study of interactions with the toolkit, conducted by five computer science researchers are presented; the initial findings of which have been encouraging
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| 6. |
- McDonald, Heather, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing the Impact of the homeML Format and the homeML Suite within the Research Community
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of universal computer science (Online). - 0948-695X .- 0948-6968. ; 19:17, s. 2559-2576
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of a standard format to store data generated within the smart environments research domain is limiting the opportunity for researchers to share and reuse datasets. The opportunity to exchange datasets is further hampered due to the lack of an online resource to facilitate this. In our current work we have attempted to resolve these issues through the development of homeML, a proposed format to support the storage and exchange of data generated within a smart environment and the homeML suite, an online tool to support data exchange and reuse. A usability and functionality study performed by 8 unbiased members of the research community is presented and discussed. All participants in the study agreed that the homeML format could address the need for a standard format within this domain. Participants also agreed that the homeML suite would be a useful tool to be available to researchers as they perform experiments in the area of smart environments.
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| 7. |
- McDonald, Heather, et al.
(författare)
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The homeML suite : shareable datasets for smart home environments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Health and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2190-7188 .- 2190-7196. ; 3:2, s. 177-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lack of a standard format for storing data generated within the smart environments research domain is limiting the opportunity for researchers to compare and share datasets. The opportunity to re-use and share datasets is also being limited due to lack of an online resource available to researchers. In our current work we attempt to resolve these issues through the creation of homeML, a proposed format for storing and sharing data and the development of the homeML Suite as a means of supporting the use of homeML. Within this article the latest version of homeML, version 2.2 is presented, where the 'annotationDetails' element is introduced. An extended evaluation of the homeML Suite is also discussed. A usability and functionality study was conducted by a number of experienced researchers working within the domain of smart environments. The methodology of both studies is discussed in detail. Each participant's interactions with homeML and the suite of tools is presented, the findings of which have been positive. All participants agreed that the homeML Suite would be a useful tool to be available within the research domain and they would recommend it to their fellow researchers.
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| 8. |
- Mulvenna, Maurice, et al.
(författare)
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Towards sustainable business models from healthcare technology research
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computers in Healthcare (IJCIH). - : InderScience Publishers. - 1755-3199 .- 1755-3202. ; 1:1, s. 20-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As demographic ageing impacts across the world, health and welfare organisations are seeking new paradigms of care that address people's needs as well as being inherently more scalable than the incumbent processes and services. The aim of this paper is to describe the current situation in Europe with information on service provision, before signposting some possible new ways to develop sustainable business models that support care models. The paper uses a case study approach to examine the issues in the introduction of such business models, from a perspective of the translation of research proof of concepts into business services and from the perspective of developing innovations from research that address unmet or poorly considered needs of user. The paper shows how several innovative European projects are anticipating the need for service change and are designing their research outcomes to match the needs of service commissioners more fully. The conclusion discusses several different approaches before drawing together strands of the work and providing tentative recommendations on the way forward to develop new inclusive technology-enhanced services in health and social care.
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| 9. |
- Mulvenna, Maurice, et al.
(författare)
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Towards sustainable business models from technology healthcare research
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Computers in Healthcare (IJCIH). - Geneve : Inderscience Enterprises Lilmited. - 1755-3199. ; 1:1, s. 43-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As demographic ageing impacts across the world, health and welfare organisations are seeking new paradigms of care that address people’s needs as well as being inherently more scalable than the incumbent processes and services. The aim of this paper is to describe the current situation in Europe with information on service provision, before signposting some possible new ways to develop sustainable business models that support care models. The paper uses a case study approach to examine the issues in the introduction of such business models, from a perspective of the translation of research proof of concepts into business services and from the perspective of developing innovations from research that address unmet or poorly considered needs of user. The paper shows how several innovative European projects are anticipating the need for service change and are designing their research outcomes to match the needs of service commissioners more fully. The conclusion discusses several different approaches before drawing together trands of the work and providing tentative recommendations on the way forward to develop new inclusive technology-enhanced services in health and social care.
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| 10. |
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