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- Nyberg, Harald, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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On the influence from micro topography on the structure and growth of low friction amorphous carbon PVD coatings
- 2010
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Ingår i: Twelfth International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering (PSE 2010), September 13-17, 2010, Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The interest in metal carbide doped amorphous carbon coatings produced by physical vapour deposition (PVD) for use on heavily stressed machine elements is currently increasing, mainly due to their ability to achieve low friction and reduced wear of the counter surface. The tribological properties of these types of coatings have however been found to vary strongly between seemingly similar coatings. A potential source of these differences could be the micro topography of the coated surfaces. Argon ion etch cleaning of the substrates is a common process step in the production of PVD coatings and is usually performed as the final cleaning step before coating deposition. For some materials, the etching process may result in a roughening of the substrate surface, due to differences in the etch rates of the different parts of the material. In high speed steels, carbides typically etch slower than the metallic phase, resulting in a surface covered by protruding carbides. In the current study, it was examined how varying amounts of argon ion etching of highly polished high speed steel substrates prior to coating influences the micro topography of the substrates and the final coatings. Tantalum carbide doped amorphous carbon coatings (TaC:C) were produced by co-sputtering of carbon and tantalum, in an argon atmosphere. The impact of the substrate micro topography on the growth and structure of the coatings was studied, using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of superficial coating cross sections produced with a focused ion beam (FIB). Special attention was paid to coating growth in the immediate vicinity of protruding carbides, as well as to the structure of the coating in these regions.
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- Repapi, Emmanouela, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies five loci associated with lung function.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:1, s. 36-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulmonary function measures are heritable traits that predict morbidity and mortality and define chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We tested genome-wide association with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) and the ratio of FEV(1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) in the SpiroMeta consortium (n = 20,288 individuals of European ancestry). We conducted a meta-analysis of top signals with data from direct genotyping (n < or = 32,184 additional individuals) and in silico summary association data from the CHARGE Consortium (n = 21,209) and the Health 2000 survey (n < or = 883). We confirmed the reported locus at 4q31 and identified associations with FEV(1) or FEV(1)/FVC and common variants at five additional loci: 2q35 in TNS1 (P = 1.11 x 10(-12)), 4q24 in GSTCD (2.18 x 10(-23)), 5q33 in HTR4 (P = 4.29 x 10(-9)), 6p21 in AGER (P = 3.07 x 10(-15)) and 15q23 in THSD4 (P = 7.24 x 10(-15)). mRNA analyses showed expression of TNS1, GSTCD, AGER, HTR4 and THSD4 in human lung tissue. These associations offer mechanistic insight into pulmonary function regulation and indicate potential targets for interventions to alleviate respiratory disease.
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- Rhodin, Annica, 1949-
(författare)
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Long-term Effects of Opioids in the Treatment of Chronic Pain : Investigation of Problems and Hazards on Clinical, Biochemical, Cellular and Genetic Levels
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- After two decades of liberal prescribing of opioids, there has been an increasing recognition of problems connected to the prolonged use of opioids for chronic pain. The aim of my thesis was to explore some consequences of long-term opioid treatment for chronic pain such as problematic opioid use, endocrine disorders, tolerance and genetic variations in pain and opioid response. Sixty patients with severe pain and problematic opioid use were treated with a structured methadone programme. Risk factors were musculoskeletal pain, psychiatric co-morbidity and previous addiction. Treatment resulted in good pain relief and improved quality of life, but function was impaired by side effects indicating endocrine dysregulation. The possibility of opioid-induced endocrine dysfunction was explored in the second paper, where 40 pain patients treated with strong opioids and 20 pain patients without treatment of strong opioids were investigated. The opioid-treated patients had significantly higher incidence of endocrine disturbance affecting gonadal and adrenal function and prolactin levels. The functionality of the μ-receptor after long-term treatment with morphine, saline and naloxone was explored in a cell-line expressing the μ-receptor. After one and four weeks of treatment the binding was tested with morphine, methadone, fentanyl and DAMGO and function measured by GTP γ-assay. The binding of DAMGO was significantly diminished after 4 weeks in cells treated with morphine compared with saline and naloxone. Genetic variation in three genes with functional impact on opioid response and pain sensitivity was investigated in 80 patients with chronic low-back pain and differential opioid sensitivity and in 56 healthy controls. The results indicated a higher incidence of opioid-related side effects and gender differences in patients with the minor allele of the ABCB1 gene, a correlation between increased opioid sensitivity and the major CACNA2D2 allele and a possible relationship between intrinsic protection against chronic pain and the minor allele of OPRM1.
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