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- Villa, Luisa L., et al.
(författare)
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Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions
- 2007
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. - 0028-4793 .- 1533-4406. ; 356:19, s. 1915-1927
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus types 16 (HPV-16) and 18 (HPV-18) cause approximately 70% of cervical cancers worldwide. A phase 3 trial was conducted to evaluate a quadrivalent vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 (HPV-6/11/16/18) for the prevention of high-grade cervical lesions associated with HPV-16 and HPV-18. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind trial, we assigned 12,167 women between the ages of 15 and 26 years to receive three doses of either HPV-6/11/16/18 vaccine or placebo, administered at day 1, month 2, and month 6. The primary analysis was performed for a per-protocol susceptible population that included 5305 women in the vaccine group and 5260 in the placebo group who had no virologic evidence of infection with HPV-16 or HPV-18 through 1 month after the third dose (month 7). The primary composite end point was cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3, adenocarcinoma in situ, or cervical cancer related to HPV-16 or HPV-18. RESULTS: Subjects were followed for an average of 3 years after receiving the first dose of vaccine or placebo. Vaccine efficacy for the prevention of the primary composite end point was 98% (95.89% confidence interval [CI], 86 to 100) in the per-protocol susceptible population and 44% (95% CI, 26 to 58) in an intention-to-treat population of all women who had undergone randomization (those with or without previous infection). The estimated vaccine efficacy against all high-grade cervical lesions, regardless of causal HPV type, in this intention-to-treat population was 17% (95% CI, 1 to 31). CONCLUSIONS: In young women who had not been previously infected with HPV-16 or HPV-18, those in the vaccine group had a significantly lower occurrence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia related to HPV-16 or HPV-18 than did those in the placebo group.
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- Elmarsdóttir, Ásrún, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of afforestation on biodiversity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Affornord. Effects of afforestation on ecosystems, landscape and rural development. - 9789289317184 ; 562, s. 37-47
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Fjellberg, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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2.8. Structural changes in Collembola populations following replanting of birch forest with spruce in North Norway.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings from the AFFORNORD conference, Reykholt, Iceland June 18-22, 2005.. - 9789289314435 ; , s. 119-125
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate possible effects on Collembola populations by changes in tree composition in natural birch forest in coastal North Norway. In the study area (Dønnes, Nordland County) parts of the natural mixed birch forest has been replanted with Norway spruce and Sitka spruce. Soil samples were collected in June and October 2004. A total of 52 species of Collembola were found (36 in birch, 32 Sitka, 34 Norway spruce). Eighteen species were common to all three sites, while birch had 12 unique species. Nine species from the coniferous plantations were not seen in birch, while Norway spruce and Sitka had only minor differences. The most abundant species were Mesaphorura macrochaeta, Isotomiella minor, Parisotoma notabilis and Megalothorax miniumus which made up 55% of all individuals found. Total abundance averaged on 91,000 (Sitka), 53,000 (Norway spruce) and 32,000 (birch) inds./m², with spring densities 40-80% higher than in autumn. The planting of Sitka/Norway spruce changed species composition but gave no significant reduction in species number, while population densities increased considerably.
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