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- Andersson, Lena, 1965, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence and socioeconomic characteristics of alcohol disorders among men and women in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
- 2018
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Ingår i: Health & Social Care in the Community. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0966-0410 .- 1365-2524. ; 26:1, s. e143-e153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is growing concern about alcohol problems in low- and middle-income countries. More research is required, particularly among the younger generation. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of alcohol disorders and associated socioeconomic characteristics among young men and women living in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This was a cross-sectional population-based study of 977 participants (52% male and 48% female) aged 18–40, the majority of whom lived in low-income areas. Data collection was carried out in 2012 by trained fieldworkers. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (DSM-IV) was used to investigate the prevalence of alcohol dependence (increased tolerance to alcohol, failed attempt to cut down, risk of physical and mental effects) and alcohol abuse (harmful use, consistent intoxication, risk behaviour, physically hazardous, social problems). A high 12-month prevalence of alcohol dependence was found (26.5% in total; 39.0% among men and 19.1% among women) as well as of alcohol abuse (9% in total; 19.0% among men and 6.0% among women). Few socioeconomic differences emerged among the men, except older men (OR 1.94, CI 1.11–3.42) and those supported by social grants (OR 2.28, CI 1.06–4.93), who presented higher odd ratios for alcohol dependence than the reference groups. Among the women, more differences emerged: women who were widowed/single (OR 2.35, CI 1.20–4.62), had no education (OR 3.41, CI 1.04–11.21), had a low income (OR 3.26, CI 1.55–6.80) and had no social support from friends when ill presented higher odd ratios (OR 1.73, CI 1.07–2.80). In the adjusted model, marital status and low income remained statistically significant. With regard to alcohol abuse, fewer socioeconomic differences emerged. Interventions need to address the early onset of alcohol misuse in order to meet both current needs and long-standing mental and physical illness. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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| 2. |
- Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Intersectional perspectives on post-school occupation among young adults with intellectual disabilities in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0964-2633 .- 1365-2788. ; 60:7-8, s. 771-771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: This study explores and analyses, from an intersectional perspective, the association between parents’ country of birth as well as their level of education and their children's type of occupation after graduating from Swedish upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disabilities (ID).Method: This is a quantitative study based on three registers (HURPID, LSS, LISA). The analyses are based on logistic regression, interaction analysis and chi-square tests. The sample size was 12,269.Results: Children of less-educated parents tend to have paid employment and children of highly educated parents tend to participate in disability day programs. Parents’ country of birth and level of education affect the former pupils’ post-school occupation in different ways. The association between parents’ country of birth and former pupils’ occupation is modified by parents’ level of education. Conclusions: Knowledge and awareness of different background conditions among children graduating from upper secondary school for pupils with ID need to increase.
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| 3. |
- Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Post-school destination : A study of women and men with intellectual disabilities and the gender-segregated Swedish labor market
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 1741-1122 .- 1741-1130. ; 13:3, s. 217-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about people with intellectual disability (ID) and their connections to the labor market is scarce. The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the entry into and representation in the Swedish labor market for people with ID, discussed with a special focus on the gender perspective. This study included 2,745 individuals (30% women and 70% men) who graduated from Swedish upper secondary schools for pupils with intellectual disability (USSID) in the 2000s, and who were defined as employees in 2011. Graduation data from 2001 to 2011 were analyzed in relation to employment data from 2011 and adjusted for gender, graduation year, and educational program. Results show that men who attended a national USSID program and graduated between 2001 and 2006 were the most likely group to have a job. The authors conclude that the gender differences in the Swedish labor market are more clearly pronounced among women and men with ID in relation to employment rate, wage levels, and professions than in the general population. Education, welfare-services, and interventions specifically targeted to meet the needs of people with ID have to develop in more gender-sensitive ways.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Jessica, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Sysselsättning för unga vuxna med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning – boendegeografiska skillnader
- 2016
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Ingår i: Tidsskrift for velferdsforskning. - Oslo : Universitetsforlaget. - 0809-2052 .- 2464-3076. ; 19:3, s. 241-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I länder med starkt decentraliserat ansvar för välfärdstjänster kan skillnader mellan kommuner och regioner förväntas. I artikeln studeras om, och iså fall hur, efter(sär)gymnasial sysselsättning bland personer med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning varierar beroende på i vilken kommungrupp eller geografisk region de bor. Analyserna baseras på data från ett unikt register som inkluderar 12 269 avgångselever från gymnasiesärskolan i Sverige från åren 2001–2011.Resultaten visar att kommungrupp och region har en viss oberoende effekt på typ av efter(sär)gymnasial sysselsättning samt att andelen flyttningar överkommungränser som företas i studiepopulationen är få.Slutsatsen är att boendegeografiska variationer, som identifierats i andra delar av det svenska välfärdssystemet, också i viss utsträckning gäller efter(sär)gymnasial sysselsättning.
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| 9. |
- Larsson, Ingrid, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Children and young people’s participation in developing interventions in health and well-being : a scoping review
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - London : BioMed Central. - 1472-6963. ; 18:507
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Greater interest is being shown in participatory approaches, especially in research on interventions that concern children and young people'shealth and well-being. Although participatory approaches have user involvement in common, they differ in terms of the explicit guidance on how to actually involve and engage children and young people in health research. The aim of this scoping review was to systematically map recent research involving children and young people in the development of interventions targeting issues of health and well-being. Methods: An interpretative scoping literature review based on: a scientific literature search in (health and social science) databases, reference lists, a manual search in key journals and contact with existing networks was conducted. A total of 4458 references were identified through the literature search, of which 41 studies published between 2000 and 2017 were included in the review. The target population was children and young people under 25 years old. Level of participation was categorized according to Shier's Pathways to Participation Model. Results: The review showed that participatory approaches were most often used in the development of interventions in school settings and in community and healthcare settings and on issues concerning support in lifestyle or in managing illness or disease. The level of participation varied from children and young people taking part just as active informants, through stages of greater participation both in quantitative and qualitative terms, to children and youngpeople becoming an active agent involved as a co-researcher where the research process was shaped by views of a higher level of mutuality. Most of the studies were categorised at a medium level and only three studies were judged to involve the children and young people at the highest level. Conclusions: This scoping review showed that work remains in enabling children and young people to influence the development of interventions targeting health and well-being. In relation to level of sustainability in the interventions, it is relevant that goals, strategies and processes are formulated by those who can gain from the interventions. Participatory approaches aiming for a higher level of participation where children and young people work together with the researchers in partnerships are thus warranted. © 2018 The Author(s).
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| 10. |
- Lindholm, Annelie, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index classification misses to identify children with an elevated waist-to-height ratio at 5 years of age.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - New York, NY : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-3998 .- 1530-0447. ; 85:1, s. 30-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abdominal adiposity is an important risk factor in the metabolic syndrome. Since BMI does not reveal fat distribution, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) has been suggested as a better measure of abdominal adiposity in children, but only a few studies cover the preschool population. The aim of the present study was to examine BMI and WHtR growth patterns and their association regarding their ability to identify children with an elevated WHtR at 5 years of age.A population-based longitudinal birth cohort study of 1540 children, followed from 0 to 5 years with nine measurement points. The children were classified as having WHtR standard deviation scores (WHtRSDS) <1 or ≥1 at 5 years. Student's t-tests and Chi-squared tests were used in the analyses.Association between BMISDS and WHtRSDS at 5 years showed that 55% of children with WHtRSDS ≥1 at 5 years had normal BMISDS (p<0.001). Children with WHtRSDS ≥1 at 5 years had from an early age significantly higher mean BMISDS and WHtRSDS than children with values <1.BMI classification misses every second child with WHtRSDS ≥1 at 5 years, suggesting that WHtR adds value in identifying children with abdominal adiposity who may need further investigation regarding cardiometabolic risk factors.
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