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- Håkansson, P, et al.
(författare)
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Ontogenetic development and spatial distribution of the ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter and the ileal lipid-binding protein in apoE knockout and C57BL/6 mice
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5521 .- 1502-7708. ; 37:9, s. 1089-1096
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Although apoE-/- mice are characterized by hypercholesterolemia, the bile acid enterohepatic circulation, which plays a crucial role in cholesterol homeostasis, has not been examined in these mice. The differences between apoE-/- and C57BL/6 mice in expression of the ileal ASBT and ILBP and in intestinal bile acid absorption were studied.METHODS: The intestinal tissues of the fetal, neonatal and post-weaning mice were processed for immunohistochemistry. Body retention and fecal excretion of 75SeHCAT were measured. The bile acid pool size and its composition were analysed by HPLC.RESULTS: In apoE-/- and C57BL/6 mice, the bile acid pool size was 75 +/- 13 and 78 +/- 13 micromol/ 100 g body weight, respectively, while the ratio of cholic acid/beta-muricholic acid was 1.8 +/- 0.3 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 (P < 0.05), respectively. The daily body retention of 75SeHCAT was 48% = 1.8% in C57 black mice and 58.4% +/- 2.7% in apoE-/- mice (P < 0.05). In both mouse strains, ASBT expression in the small intestine was found in the near-term fetal and post-weaning mice, while ILBP expression was found in all postnatal mice. In the post-weaning mice, ILBP expression was limited to the distal 25%-30% of the small intestine, while ASBT expression was limited to the distal 18%.CONCLUSIONS: The bile acid enterohepatic circulation in apoE-/- mice probably does not differ greatly from that in C57BL/6 mice.
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- Karlsson, J, et al.
(författare)
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Beta1-adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms and response to beta1-adrenergic receptor blockade in patients with essential hypertension
- 2004
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Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 27:6 SUPPL. 3, s. 347-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies suggest that the Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly polymorphisms in the β1-adrenergic receptor might be of functional importance for the cardiovascular system. Both have been associated with altered receptor activity in vitro, and with hypertension and cardiac failure in vivo. Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to test whether these polymorphisms were associated with the change in heart rate or blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy treated with the β1-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol. Methods: Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in 101 hypertensive patients with echocardiographically verified LV hypertrophy, randomized in a double-blind study to treatment with either the β1-adrenergic receptor blocker atenolol or the angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist irbesartan. Changes in blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated after 12 weeks. Beta1-adrenergic receptor genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: We found no significant associations between the changes in the measured variables and either of the two polymorphisms. However, carriers of the 49Gly allele showed a tendency toward a greater reduction in heart rate compared with patients with the Ser/Ser49 genotype (p = 0.06). Conclusions: The Ser49Gly and Arg389Gly β1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms do not seem to exert a major effect on the changes in heart rate and blood pressure during 12 weeks of treatment with atenolol in patients with essential hypertension and LV hypertrophy.
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| 7. |
- Persson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of enrichment on simple aquatic food webs
- 2001
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Ingår i: American Naturalist. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0003-0147 .- 1537-5323. ; 157:6, s. 654-669
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple models, based on Lotka-Volterra types of interactions between predator and prey, predict that enrichment will have a destabilizing effect on populations and that equilibrium population densities will change at the top trophic level and every second level below. We experimentally tested these predictions in three aquatic food web configurations subjected to either high or low nutrient additions. The results were structured by viewing the systems as either food chains or webs and showed that trophic level biomass increased with enrichment, which contradicts food chain theory. However, within each trophic level, food web configuration affected the extent to which different functional groups responded to enrichment. By dividing trophic levels into functional groups, based on vulnerability to consumption, we were able to identify significant effects that were obscured when systems were viewed as food chains. The results support the prediction that invulnerable prey may stabilize trophic-level dynamics by replacing other, more vulnerable prey. Furthermore, the vulnerable prey, such as Daphnia and edible algae, responded as predicted by the paradox of enrichment hypothesis; that is, variability in population density increased with enrichment. Hence, by describing ecosystems as a matrix of food web interactions, and by recognizing the interplay between interspecific competition and predation, a more complete description of the ecosystem function was obtained compared to when species were placed into distinct trophic levels.
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| 8. |
- Törn, C., et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic factors for the course of beta cell function in autoimmune diabetes
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 85:12, s. 4619-4623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a 2-yr follow-up of 281 patients, aged 15-34 yr, diagnosed with diabetes between 1992 and 1993. At diagnosis, 224 (80%) patients were positive for at least one of the following autoantibodies: islet cell antibodies (ICAs), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADAs), or tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA-2As), the remaining 57 (20%) patients were negative for all three autoantibodies. At diagnosis, C-peptide levels were lower (0.27, 0.16-0.40 nmol/L) in autoantibody-positive patients compared with autoantibody-negative patients (0.51, 0.28-0.78 nmol/L, P < 0.001). After 2 yr, C-peptide levels had decreased significantly in patients with autoimmune diabetes (0.20, 0.10-0.37 nmol/L, P = 0.0018), but not in autoantibody-negative patients. In patients with autoimmune diabetes, a low initial level of C-peptide (odds ratio, 2.6, 95% confidence interval, 1.7-4.0) and a high level of GADAs (odds ratio, 2.5, 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.7) were risk factors for a C-peptide level below the reference level of 0.25 nmol/L 2 yr after diagnosis. Body mass index had a significant effect in the multivariate analysis only when initial C-peptide was not considered. Factors such as age, gender, levels of ICA or IA-2A or insulin autoantibodies (analyzed in a subset of 180 patients) had no effect on the decrease in ▀-cell function. It is concluded that the absence of pancreatic islet autoantibodies at diagnosis were highly predictive for a maintained ▀-cell function during the 2 yr after diagnosis, whereas high levels of GADA indicated a course of decreased ▀-cell function with low levels of C-peptide. In autoimmune diabetes, an initial low level of C-peptide was a strong risk factor for a decrease in ▀-cell function and conversely high C-peptide levels were protective. Other factors such as age, gender, body mass index, levels of ICA, IA-2A or IAA had no prognostic importance.
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- Wibell, L, et al.
(författare)
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Increased mortality in diabetes during the first 10 years of the disease. A population-based study (DISS) in Swedish adults 15-34 years old at diagnosis
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 249, s. 263-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives. To study, prospectively, in young adult patients, the mortality during the first years after the diagnosis of diabetes. Design. The Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS) aims to register all incident cases aged 15-34 years. During a 10-year period all deaths were identified by record linkage to the national Cause of Death Registry. Subjects. During the period, 4097 new cases were registered and classified as type 1 diabetes (73%), type 2 (16%), secondary (2%) and unclassified (9%). The median follow-up was 5 years (21 001 person-years). Main outcome measures. Calculation of the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Evaluation of all deceased by scrutiny of clinical records, death certificates and autopsy protocols. Results. Fifty-eight patients died, corresponding to an SMR of 3.5 (CI = 2.7-4.5), which increased from 1.5 at 15-19 years to 4.1 at 30-34 years. SMR was 2.7 in primary diabetes: 2.3 (1.6-3.3) in type 1 and 4.1 (2.6-6.7) in type 2. In secondary diabetes, alcohol-associated pancreatitis a common cause, SMR was 32 (CI = 24-45). Evidence of alcohol or drug misuse, mental dysfunction or suicide was found in 40 of all 58 deceased cases. Less often, hypoglycaemia (n = 7) or hyperglycaemia-ketoacidosis (n = 11) was present at death. Unexplained 'dead in bed' was found once. Conclusions. In the investigated population-based cohort the early mortality was about threefold increased. Hypoglycaemia and ketoacidosis per se played a relatively small role compared with a heavy impact from social and mental dysfunction, and from careless use of alcohol or drugs.
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