| 1. |
- Mellström, Dan, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Older men with low serum estradiol and high serum SHBG have an increased risk of fractures.
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Journal of bone and mineral research. - 1523-4681. ; 23:10, s. 1552-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteoporosis-related fractures constitute a major health concern not only in women but also in men. To study the predictive role of serum sex steroids for fracture risk in men, serum sex steroids were analyzed by the specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique at baseline in older men (n = 2639; mean, 75 yr of age) of the prospective population-based MrOS Sweden cohort. Fractures occurring after baseline were validated (average follow-up of 3.3 yr). The incidence for having at least one validated fracture after baseline was 20.9/1000 person-years. Estradiol (E2; hazard ratio [HR] per SD decrease, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22-1.49), free estradiol (fE2; HR per SD decrease, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.28-1.55), testosterone (T; HR per SD decrease, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16-1.39), and free testosterone (fT; HR per SD decrease, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.21-1.44) were all inversely, whereas sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; HR per SD increase, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.22-1.63) was directly related to fracture risk. Multivariable proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for age, suggested that fE2 and SHBG (p < 0.001), but not fT, were independently associated with fracture risk. Further subanalyses of fracture type showed that fE2 was inversely associated with clinical vertebral fractures (HR per SD decrease, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.36-1.80), nonvertebral osteoporosis fractures (HR per SD decrease, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.23-1.65), and hip fractures (HR per SD decrease, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.18-1.76). The inverse relation between serum E2 and fracture risk was nonlinear with a strong relation <16 pg/ml for E2 and 0.3 pg/ml for fE2. In conclusion, older Swedish men with low serum E2 and high SHBG levels have an increased risk of fractures.
|
|
| 2. |
- Mellström, Dan, 1945, et al.
(författare)
-
Older men with low serum estradiol and high serum SHBG have an increased risk of fractures
- 2008
-
Ingår i: J Bone Miner Res. - : Wiley. - 1523-4681 .- 0884-0431. ; 23:10, s. 1552-60
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Osteoporosis-related fractures constitute a major health concern not only in women but also in men. To study the predictive role of serum sex steroids for fracture risk in men, serum sex steroids were analyzed by the specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique at baseline in older men (n = 2639; mean, 75 yr of age) of the prospective population-based MrOS Sweden cohort. Fractures occurring after baseline were validated (average follow-up of 3.3 yr). The incidence for having at least one validated fracture after baseline was 20.9/1000 person-years. Estradiol (E2; hazard ratio [HR] per SD decrease, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22-1.49), free estradiol (fE2; HR per SD decrease, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.28-1.55), testosterone (T; HR per SD decrease, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16-1.39), and free testosterone (fT; HR per SD decrease, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.21-1.44) were all inversely, whereas sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; HR per SD increase, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.22-1.63) was directly related to fracture risk. Multivariable proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for age, suggested that fE2 and SHBG (p
|
|
| 3. |
- Odén, Magnus, 1965-
(författare)
-
Reverse martensitic transformation and resulting microstructure in a cold rolled metastable austenitic stainless steel
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Steel Research International. - 1611-3683. ; 79:6, s. 433-439
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reverse martensitic transformation in cold-rolled metastable austenitic stainless steel has been investigated via heat treatments performed for various temperatures and times. The microstructural evolution was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and microscopy. Upon heat treatment, both diffusionless and diffusion-controlled mechanisms determine the final microstructure. The diffusion reversion from α′-martensite to austenite was found to be activated at about 450°C and the shear reversion is activated at higher temperatures with Af′ ∼600°C. The resulting microstructure for isothermal heat treatment at 650°C was austenitic, which inherits the α′-martensite lath morphology and is highly faulted. For isothermal heat treatments at temperatures above 700°C the faulted austenite was able to recrystallize and new austenite grains with a low defect density were formed. In addition, carbo-nitride precipitation was observed for samples heat treated at these temperatures, which leads to an increasing Ms-temperature and new α′-martensite formation upon cooling.
|
|
