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- Hreinsdottir, S., et al.
(författare)
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Volcanic plume height correlated with magma-pressure change at Grimsvotn Volcano, Iceland
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 7:3, s. 214-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Magma flow during volcanic eruptions causes surface deformation that can be used to constrain the location, geometry and internal pressure evolution of the underlying magmatic source(1). The height of the volcanic plumes during explosive eruptions also varies with magma flow rate, in a nonlinear way(2,3). In May 2011, an explosive eruption at Grimsvotn Volcano, Iceland, erupted about 0.27 km(3) dense-rock equivalent of basaltic magma in an eruption plume that was about 20 km high. Here we use Global Positioning System (GPS) and tilt data, measured before and during the eruption at Grimsvotn Volcano, to show that the rate of pressure change in an underlying magma chamber correlates with the height of the volcanic plume over the course of the eruption. We interpret ground deformation of the volcano, measured by geodesy, to result from a pressure drop within a magma chamber at about 1.7 km depth. We estimate the rate of magma discharge and the associated evolution of the plume height by differentiating the co-eruptive pressure drop with time. The time from the initiation of the pressure drop to the onset of the eruption was about 60 min, with about 25% of the total pressure change preceding the eruption. Near-real-time geodetic observations can thus be useful for both timely eruption warnings and for constraining the evolution of volcanic plumes.
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- Halvarsson, A, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of new progressive group balance training for elderly people with increased risk of falling - a randomized controlled trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0873 .- 0269-2155. ; 27:5, s. 450-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the long-term effects of a progressive and specific balance group-based program in healthy elderly individuals with increased risk of falling. Design: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial at nine and 15 months on a population that has previously been described at three months. Setting: The study was conducted in Stockholm, Sweden. Subjects: 59 community-dwelling elderly (age 67–93 years), recruited by advertisement, were randomly allocated to training or to serve as controls. Intervention: Group balance training three times per week during 12 weeks with a 15 month follow-up time. Main measures: Participants were assessed at baseline, three, nine, and 15 months thereafter for gait function (preferred and fast walking), rapid step execution (single and dual task), fear of falling, and likelihood of depression. Results: Fast gait speed ( p = 0.004), dual task step execution ( p = 0.006) and fear of falling ( p = 0.001) were still improved in the training group at nine months follow-up. Only self-perceived fear of falling remained significantly improved ( p = 0.012) at 15 months follow-up. Although fast gait speed had decreased to baseline level in the training group (1.49 m/s) it remained significantly higher than in the control group (1.37 m/s) at the end of the study, a difference between the groups that was not seen at baseline. Conclusion: This training program provided important positive short and long-term benefits to gait, balance function, and fear of falling.
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- Andersson, Eva A., et al.
(författare)
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Äldre blir starkare av Hälsoprojektet
- 2013
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Ingår i: Svensk Idrottsforskning. - Stockholm : Centrum för idtrottsforskning (CIF). - 1103-4629. ; 22:1, s. 25-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En god kondition och styrka har samband med förbättrad hälsa, minskad förekomst av flera folksjukdomar samt ökad livslängd. Fysiologiska tester kan vara stimulerande för äldre att följa utvecklingen av sin fysiska kapacitet och för olika aktörer som vill göra hälsoutvärderingar.
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- Nilsson, D. A. S., et al.
(författare)
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Learning product design through globally distributed teams : A way to enhance innovation capabilities in mechatronics
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Devices. - : ASME Press. - 1932-6181 .- 1932-619X. ; 4:2, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Creating product innovations involves the need to understand the social context in which the innovation is created and ultimately the context in which it is to be used. The use of globally distributed teams (GDTs) in engineering education to understand and enhance the social and technological interaction could catalyze the process of creating innovation. This paper proposes a framework for the analysis and support of the GDT setting. The proposed framework builds on the standardized open system interconnection model for network communication consisting of seven interconnected layers. As it has been suggested in prior studies, a successful collaboration in a GDT relies on several critical factors that build on each other. Organizing and supporting these factors in an interconnected layered scheme could better clarify the interaction between social and technological aspects. A case study of a student medical device project is analyzed using the proposed framework. The project involved students from University of Minnesota, MN and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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