| 1. |
- Ohlsson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Shared Reading som litteraturperformance
- 2022
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Ingår i: Shared Reading i Skandinavia : Teori of praksis - Teori of praksis. - 9788293298212 - 9788293298229 ; , s. 63-86
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Ekelund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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The skåne emergency medicine (SEM) cohort
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - London : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1757-7241. ; 32, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In the European Union alone, more than 100 million people present to the emergency department (ED) each year, and this has increased steadily year-on-year by 2-3%. Better patient management decisions have the potential to reduce ED crowding, the number of diagnostic tests, the use of inpatient beds, and healthcare costs.METHODS: We have established the Skåne Emergency Medicine (SEM) cohort for developing clinical decision support systems (CDSS) based on artificial intelligence or machine learning as well as traditional statistical methods. The SEM cohort consists of 325 539 unselected unique patients with 630 275 visits from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2018 at eight EDs in the region Skåne in southern Sweden. Data on sociodemographics, previous diseases and current medication are available for each ED patient visit, as well as their chief complaint, test results, disposition and the outcome in the form of subsequent diagnoses, treatments, healthcare costs and mortality within a follow-up period of at least 30 days, and up to 3 years.DISCUSSION: The SEM cohort provides a platform for CDSS research, and we welcome collaboration. In addition, SEM's large amount of real-world patient data with almost complete short-term follow-up will allow research in epidemiology, patient management, diagnostics, prognostics, ED crowding, resource allocation, and social medicine.
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| 5. |
- Bellman, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
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Loading enhances glucose uptake in muscles, bones, and bone marrow of lower extremities in humans.
- 2024
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - 1945-7197.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased standing time has been associated with improved health, but the underlying mechanism is unclear.We herein investigate if increased weight loading increases energy demand and thereby glucose uptake (GU) locally in bone and/or muscle in the lower extremities.In this single-center clinical trial with randomized crossover design (ClinicalTrials.gov ID, NCT05443620), we enrolled 10 men with body mass index (BMI) between 30 and 35kg/m2. Participants were treated with both high load (standing with weight vest weighing 11% of body weight) and no load (sitting) on the lower extremities. GU was measured using whole-body quantitative positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. The primary endpoint was the change in GU ratio between loaded bones (i.e. femur and tibia) and non-loaded bones (i.e. humerus).High load increased the GU ratio between lower and upper extremities in cortical diaphyseal bone (e.g. femur/humerus ratio increased by 19%, p=0.029), muscles (e.g. m. quadriceps femoris/m. triceps brachii ratio increased by 28%, p=0.014) and in certain bone marrow regions (femur/humerus diaphyseal bone marrow region ratio increased by 17%, p=0.041). Unexpectedly, we observed the highest GU in the bone marrow region of vertebral bodies, but its GU was not affected by high load.Increased weight-bearing loading enhances GU in muscles, cortical bone, and bone marrow of the exposed lower extremities. This could be interpreted as increased local energy demand in bone and muscle caused by increased loading. The physiological importance of the increased local GU by static loading remains to be determined.
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| 6. |
- Bernhardsson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Obduktion och mjuka texter : Shared Reading som metod på universitetet
- 2022
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Ingår i: Shared Reading i Skandinavia : Forskning og praksis - Forskning og praksis. - 9788293298212 - 9788293298229 ; , s. 257-287
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter discusses how Shared Reading (SR) can be used as a method when teaching university students in professional education. Drawing on experiences from both the Medical School and the Creative Writing Program, the chapter shows how SR can be used to enhance professional development in two different settings. In Medical School, SR is used to create a space for exploration of relational and emotional aspects of the profession, which is here exemplified with the reading of poetry after the students’ first autopsy. In the Creative Writing Program, SR is used to slow down the reading, giving the students the opportunity to read the text as if it was still a work-in-progress, and a so-called ‘flexible’ text. The discussion shows the versatility of the method: how as, even as the method is the same, the differences come from the educational context, and what the students learn is to a large extent dependent on their future profession.
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| 7. |
- Björkelund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Machine learning compared with rule‐in/rule‐out algorithms and logistic regression to predict acute myocardial infarction based on troponin T concentrations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open. - Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons. - 2688-1152. ; 2:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AbstractObjectiveComputerized decision-support tools may improve diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among patients presenting with chest pain at the emergency department (ED). The primary aim was to assess the predictive accuracy of machine learning algorithms based on paired high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations with varying sampling times, age, and sex in order to rule in or out AMI.MethodsIn this register-based, cross-sectional diagnostic study conducted retrospectively based on 5695 chest pain patients at 2 hospitals in Sweden 2013–2014 we used 5-fold cross-validation 200 times in order to compare the performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) with European guideline-recommended 0/1- and 0/3-hour algorithms for hs-cTnT and with logistic regression without interaction terms. Primary outcome was the size of the intermediate risk group where AMI could not be ruled in or out, while holding the sensitivity (rule-out) and specificity (rule-in) constant across models.ResultsANN and logistic regression had similar (95%) areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve. In patients (n = 4171) where the timing requirements (0/1 or 0/3 hour) for the sampling were met, using ANN led to a relative decrease of 9.2% (95% confidence interval 4.4% to 13.8%; from 24.5% to 22.2% of all tested patients) in the size of the intermediate group compared to the recommended algorithms. By contrast, using logistic regression did not substantially decrease the size of the intermediate group.ConclusionMachine learning algorithms allow for flexibility in sampling and have the potential to improve risk assessment among chest pain patients at the ED.
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| 8. |
- Borg, Farhana, Lektor, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Eco-certified Preschools and Children's Learning for Sustainability : Researching Holistic Outcomes of Preschool Education for Sustainability (HOPES)
- 2020
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of the researchAlthough Sweden being an active initiator in the promotion of education for sustainability (EfS), there is a knowledge gap about children’s learning for sustainability and the pedagogical practices of sustainability in preschool education. Moreover, there is an overall lack of generalizable studies in this field. The purpose of this study, funded by the Swedish Research Council 2019-2022 (VR 2018-04445), is to contribute to evidence-informed development of pedagogical practices that facilitate children’s learning for sustainability at preschools. The objectives are:to explore and compare knowledge, attitude and behaviors among children, who attend eco- and non-eco-certified preschools;to identify and compare preschool teachers’ self-reported pedagogical practices of EfS at eco- and non-eco-certified preschools; andto investigate the extent to which eco-certification and preschool teachers’ pedagogical practices in EfS relate to children’s learning for sustainability.In this study, eco-certified preschools refer to those preschools that work explicitly with EfS and have been awarded with the certifications, either Green Flag by the Keep Sweden Tidy or Preschool for Sustainability by Skolverket. The study uses: integrated perspective on sustainability, in which environmental, social, and economic aspects are interconnected; pluralistic teaching methods; and transformative learning.Research design and methodsThe study applies a mixed methods design that combines cross-sectional qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Two-stage cluster random sampling is used to select participating preschools (n=50). A sampling frame consisting of all municipalities in Sweden that have at least two eco-certified preschools and two non-eco-certified preschools is created based on information from municipalities and organizations that award eco-certificates. A randomized sampling is used to select 25 municipalities from all over the country. Preschool children (n=300) and teachers (n=16) are interviewed, a questionnaire study is conducted among preschool teachers (n=300), and video observations of preschools’ (n=4) pedagogical practices of EfS is carried out. Demographical information of 25 eco- and 25 non-eco-certified preschools is collected from preschool principals. Content analyses, as well as descriptive and inferential statistics are applied.The Swedish Ethical Review Authority did not have any ethical objections about this project (EPN 2020-00005). Major resultsCurrently the pilot studies are going on, and so far, children’s (n=12) from 3 preschools, teachers’ (n=3) from 3 preschools as well as video observations of one preschool’s pedagogical practices of EfS were conducted. The analyses of the findings from the pilot studies are expected to be ready and presented at the symposium.ConclusionThis study will provide insights into the role of EfS in preschool education in relation to children’s knowledge, attitudes and behaviors concerning sustainability, preschool teachers’ pedagogical practices, as well as the importance of eco-certification in relation to sustainability education in Sweden. Relevance to sustainable development and Agenda 2030This project is explicitly connected to education for sustainability that addresses issues related to taking actions for saving the planet and living in harmony with people and its surrounding environments. It also addresses goal 4.7 of the 2030 Agenda for sustainability that urges that all learners must acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainability.
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| 9. |
- Colvin, Jovana, et al.
(författare)
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Local defect-enhanced anodic oxidation of reformed GaN nanowires
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Review Materials. - 2475-9953. ; 4:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding formation and distribution of defects in GaN substrates and device layers is needed to improve device performance in rf and power electronics. Here we utilize conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) for studying defect-related leakage paths in an unintentionally doped GaN film formed by nanowire reformation. A nanoscopic Schottky contact is formed between the c-AFM probe and the GaN surface, which, under reverse-bias conditions, reveals local leakage currents at the positions of the nanowires. Cathodoluminescence shows these areas to be dominated by yellow-band luminescence, in contrast to the surrounding GaN matrix, which mainly shows near-band-gap luminescence. These results are attributed to a high density of native and residual defects, confined to the nanowires. In addition, we use anodic oxidation to map defect-related conductive paths through locally induced growth of gallium oxide. The oxide yield, which is known to depend on the local electric field strength between the AFM tip and the sample, correlates well with the level of reverse-bias leakage current. Local irregularities in oxide height reveal extended oxidation attributed to defect-related deep-level states. Thisis confirmed by controlled dissolution of the oxide in NaOH, showing that a deeper oxide film is grown over areas where defect-related conductive paths are formed. Finally, we demonstrate how this approach can be used as a quick and easy diagnostic tool for evaluating the influence of specific growth conditions and process steps on defect-induced leakage current levels and defect distribution in GaN structures, demonstrating its potential for accelerated test of leakage degradation at critical positions in GaN-based devices.
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| 10. |
- Dahlman, Disa, et al.
(författare)
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Socioeconomic correlates of incident and fatal opioid overdose among Swedish people with opioid use disorder
- 2021
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Ingår i: Substance Abuse: Treatment, Prevention, and Policy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1747-597X. ; 16:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Opioid overdose (OD) and opioid OD death are major health threats to people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Socioeconomic factors are underexplored potential determinants of opioid OD. In this study, we assessed socioeconomic and other factors and their associations with incident and fatal opioid OD, in a cohort consisting of 22,079 individuals with OUD. Methods: We performed a retrospective, longitudinal study based on Swedish national register data for the period January 2005–December 2017. We used Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the risk of incident and fatal opioid OD as a function of several individual, parental and neighborhood covariates. Results: Univariate analysis showed that several covariates were associated with incident and fatal opioid OD. In the multivariate analysis, incident opioid OD was associated with educational attainment (Hazard ratio [HR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–0.97), having received social welfare (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.22–1.39), and criminal conviction (HR 1.53; 95% CI 1.42–1.65). Fatal opioid OD was also associated with criminal conviction (HR 1.93; 95% CI 1.61–2.32). Conclusion: Individuals with low education and receipt of social welfare had higher risks of incident opioid OD and individuals with criminal conviction were identified as a risk group for both incident and fatal opioid OD. Our findings should raise attention among health prevention policy makers in general, and among decision-makers within the criminal justice system and social services in particular.
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