| 1. |
- Brun, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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FDG PET studies during treatment: Prediction of therapy outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Head and Neck. - : Wiley. - 1043-3074. ; 24:2, s. 127-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography (PET) provides metabolic information of tissues in vivo. The purpose of this study was to assess the value of PET with 2-[(18) F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) in prediction of therapy outcome (tumor response, survival, and locoregional control) in locally advanced HNSCC. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1999 47 patients underwent PET before (PET(1)) and after (PET(2)) 1 to 3 weeks of radical treatment with evaluation of metabolic rate (MR) and standardized uptake value (SUV) of FDG. All patients received radiotherapy, and 10 also received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Median follow-up time was 3.3 years. RESULTS: Low and high MR FDG at PET(2), with median value as cutoff, was associated with complete remission in 96% and 62% (p =.007), with 5-year overall survival in 72% and 35% (p =.0042) and with local control in 96% and 55% (p =.002), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: FDG PET in the early phase of treatment of HNSCC is associated with tumor response, survival, and local control. Copyright 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Josefsson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Sodium/iodide-symporter: distribution in different mammals and role in entero-thyroid circulation of iodide.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6772. ; 175:2, s. 129-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sodium (Na+)/iodide (I-)-symporter (NIS) is abundantly expressed and accumulates iodide in thyroid follicular cells. The NIS is also found in extrathyroidal tissues, particularly gastric mucosa. Controversies exist on the localization of extrathyroidal NIS. We have studied the presence of both NIS peptide and NIS messenger RNA (mRNA) in the digestive tract and thyroid from different mammals. The role of gastric NIS is enigmatic and we aimed to unravel its possible involvement in iodide transport. Methods: Distribution and expression of NIS were studied using immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Iodide transport in the gastrointestinal tract was measured after oral or intravenous (i.v.) administration of 125I to rats with or without ligation of the pylorus. Results: All thyroid follicular cells in rat and mouse expressed NIS, whereas a patchy staining was noted in man, pig and guinea-pig. Gastric mucosa surface epithelium in all species and ductal cells of parotid gland in guinea-pig, rat and mouse expressed NIS. In parietal cells and in endocrine cells of intestines and pancreas NIS immunoreactivity but no NIS mRNA was found. Studies of 125I uptake showed marked iodide transport from the circulation into the gastric lumen. Conclusions: The localization of NIS varies slightly among mammals. To establish expression of NIS in a particular cell type the need to correlate the presence of both NIS protein by immunocytochemistry and NIS mRNA by in situ hybridization is emphasized. An entero-thyroidal circulation of iodide mediated principally by gastric NIS, but possibly also by NIS in salivary glands is suggested.
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| 4. |
- Lindén, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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131I-labelled anti-CD22 MAb (LL2) in patients with B-cell lymphomas failing chemotherapy. Treatment outcome, haematological toxicity and bone marrow absorbed dose estimates.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 41:3, s. 297-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experience with radioimmunotherapy in B-cell lymphomas using the rapidly internalizing antibody, anti-CD22 (LL2), is limited. In this study we investigated the efficacy and toxicity of 131I-labelled-LL2 for radioimmunotherapy in patients with B-cell lymphomas that failed one or two cytostatic regimens. Eleven patients were treated with one or repeated cycles of 131I-anti-CD22 antibody, 1330 MBq/m2 (36 mCi/m2). Six of the 11 treated patients demonstrated an objective response, three of them with complete remission. All follicular (3 patients) and transformed lymphomas (2 patients) responded compared to one of four diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Two out of six responders exhibited event-free survival (EFS), which was comparable with or longer than the EFS following primary anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. Non-haematological toxicity was mild. Haematological toxicity was associated with pretreatment clinical characteristics but not with estimated absorbed bone marrow doses. Objective remission following treatment with 131I-anti-CD22 can be achieved in patients with various subtypes of B-cell lymphomas, failing standard chemotherapy. Follicular or transformed lymphomas seem particularly responsive. Haematological toxicity seems to be dependent on the functional status of the bone marrow before radioimmunotherapy.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Olanders, Knut, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury on ICAM-1 expression, endothelial barrier function, neutrophil tissue influx, and protease inhibitor levels in rats.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Shock. - 1540-0514. ; 18:1, s. 86-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is mediated by complex mechanisms in which interactions between activated leukocytes and endothelial cells play a central role. ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) mediates firm adhesion and transendothelial migration of activated leukocytes from postcapillary venules into the tissue. The present study evaluated the ICAM-1 expression in various organs after 40 min of intestinal ischemia and 1, 3, 6, 12 h of reperfusion (I/R) in the rat, using a dual monoclonal antibody technique (n = 36). Endothelial barrier permeability, using the vascular leakage of radiolabeled human serum albumin was also assessed (n = 12). Neutrophil sequestration in the lungs was quantitated by myeloperoxidase activity and plasma protease inhibitor levels were measured with electroimmunoassay. Significant regional differences were found in ICAM-1 expression between organs, both constitutively and after I/R-injury. The highest constitutive levels were observed in the liver and lungs, followed by the kidneys. The constitutive ICAM-1 expression in the intestines and in the heart was about 1/20 compared with that found in the liver and lungs. The brain and muscle had levels of about 1/150 of that in the liver and lungs. After intestinal I/R, significant increases (17-45%) were found in the lungs, intestines, brain, heart, and muscle. Albumin leakage index (ALI) in all examined organs and myeloperoxidase activity in the lungs increased after I/R-injury. Serum levels of albumin and most protease inhibitors decreased significantly after I/R challenge. Intestinal I/R results in an increase of systemic ICAM-1 expression with marked organ variability. The upregulation of ICAM-1 could represent a crucial step in the adherence- and migration process of activated leukocytes and potentially in the development of tissue injury.
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| 7. |
- Reinstrup, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebral blood volume (CBV) in humans during normo- and hypocapnia: influence of nitrous oxide (N(2)O)
- 2001
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Ingår i: Anesthesiology. - 1528-1175. ; 95:5, s. 1079-1082
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is generally argued that variations in cerebral blood flow create concomitant changes in the cerebral blood volume (CBV). Because nitrous oxide (N(2)O) inhalation both increases cerebral blood flow and may increase intracranial pressure, it is reasonable to assume that N(2)O acts as a general vasodilatator in cerebral vessels both on the arterial and on the venous side. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of N(2)O on three-dimensional regional and global CBV in humans during normocapnia and hypocapnia. METHODS: Nine volunteers were studied under each of four conditions: normocapnia, hypocapnia, normocapnia + 40-50% N(2)O, and hypocapnia + 40-50% N(2)O. CBV was measured after (99m)Tc-labeling of blood with radioactive quantitative registration via single photon emission computer-aided tomography scanning. RESULTS: Global CBV during normocapnia and inhalation of 50% O(2) was 4.25 +/- 0.57% of the brain volume (4.17 +/- 0.56 ml/100 g, mean +/- SD) with no change during inhalation of 40-50% N(2)O in O(2). Decreasing carbon dioxide (CO(2)) by 1.5 kPa (11 mmHg) without N(2)O inhalation and by 1.4 kPa (11 mmHg) with N(2)O inhalation reduced CBV significantly (F = 57, P < 0.0001), by 0.27 +/- 0.10% of the brain volume per kilopascal (0.26 +/- 0.10 ml x 100 g(-1) x kPa(-1)) without N(2)O inhalation and by 0.35 +/- 0.22% of the brain volume per kilopascal (0.34 +/- 0.22 ml x 100 g(-1) x kPa(-1)) during N(2)O inhalation (no significant difference). The amount of carbon dioxide significantly altered the regional distribution of CBV (F = 47, P < 0.0001), corresponding to a regional difference in Delta CBV when CO(2) is changed. N(2)O inhalation did not significantly change the distribution of regional CBV (F = 2.4, P = 0.051) or Delta CBV/Delta CO(2) in these nine subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Nitrous oxide inhalation had no effect either on CBV or on the normal CBV-CO(2) response in humans.
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| 9. |
- Thorngren-Jerneck, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebral glucose metabolism measured by positron emission tomography in term newborn infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
- 2001
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Ingår i: Pediatric Research. - 1530-0447. ; 49:4, s. 495-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Total and regional cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRgl) was measured by positron emission tomography with 2-(F-18) fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)FDG) in 20 term infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after perinatal asphyxia. All infants had signs of perinatal distress, and 15 were severely acidotic at birth. Six infants developed mild HIE, twelve moderate HIE, and two severe HIE during their first days of life. The positron emission tomographic scans were performed at 4-24 d of age (median, 11 d). One hour before scanning, 2-3.7 MBq/kg (54-100 µCi/kg) (18)FDG was injected i.v. No sedation was used. Quantification of CMRgl was based on a new method employing the glucose metabolism of the erythrocytes, requiring only one blood sample. In all infants, the most metabolically active brain areas were the deep subcortical parts, thalamus, basal ganglia, and sensorimotor cortex. Frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex were less metabolically active in all infants. Total CMRgl was inversely correlated with the severity of HIE (p < 0.01). Six infants with mild HIE had a mean (range) CMRgL of 55.5 (37.7-100.8) mol.min(-1).100 g(-1), 11 with moderate HIE had 26.6 (13.0-65.1) µmol.min(-1).100 g(-1), and two with severe HIE had 10.4 and 15.0 µmol.min(-1).100 g(-1), respectively. Five of six infants who developed cerebral palsy had a mean (range) CMRgl of 18.1 (10.2-31.4) µmol.min(-1).100 g(-1) compared with 41.5 (13.0-100.8) µmol.min(-1).100 g(-1) in the infants with no neurologic sequela at 2 y. We conclude that CMRgl measured during the subacute period after perinatal asphyxia in term infants is highly correlated with the severity of HIE and short-term outcome.
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| 10. |
- Thorngren-Jerneck, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced postnatal cerebral glucose metabolism measured by PET after asphyxia in near term fetal lambs
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : Wiley. - 1097-4547 .- 0360-4012. ; 66:5, s. 844-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of fetal asphyxia on cerebral function and development, involve the transition from fetal to neonatal life. Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism may be an early postnatal indicator of fetal asphyxia. The objective is to develop an experimental lamb model involving the transition from fetal to neonatal life and to examine the effect of fetal asphyxia with cerebral hypoxic ischemia on early postnatal cerebral glucose metabolism. Fetal asphyxia was induced by total umbilical cord occlusion in eight near-term fetal lambs (134-138 days) with the ewe under isoflurane-opiate anesthesia. The mean occlusion time until cardiac arrest was 14.5 (4.2) min (SD). Lambs were immediately delivered and standardized resuscitation was instituted after 2 min asystole. At 4 hr postnatal age, [18-F]Fluoro-2-deoxy-glucose (18-FDG) was injected intravenously in eight asphyxiated lambs and in eight controls. Cerebral glucose metabolism was examined by positron emission tomography (PET). As a result the mean arterial blood pressure, acid-base values, blood glucose and serum lactate at 4 hr postnatal age did not differ significantly between lambs subjected to umbilical cord occlusion and controls. EEG was abnormal in all lambs subjected to cord occlusion and normal in the controls at 4 hr postnatal age. Global cerebral metabolic rate (CMRgl) as determined by PET was significantly lower in lambs subjected to cord occlusion mean/median (SD) 22.2/19.6 (8.4) micromol/min/100 g) than in controls mean/median (SD) 37.8/35.9 (6.1); P < 0.01). Global CMRgl is significantly reduced in newborn lambs 4 hr after fetal asphyxia induced by umbilical cord occlusion. A reduction in CMRgl is an early indicator of global hypoxic cerebral ischemia.
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