| 1. |
- Tasmin, S., et al.
(författare)
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Short-term exposure to ambient particulate matter and emergency ambulance dispatch for acute illness in Japan
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 566-567, s. 528-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Short-term exposure to air pollution may be linked to negative health outcomes that require an emergency medical response. However, few studies have been undertaken on this phenomenon to date. The aim of this study therefore was to examine the association between short-term exposure to ambient suspended particulate matter (SPM) and emergency ambulance dispatches (EADs) for acute illness in Japan. Daily EAD data, daily mean SPM and meteorological data were obtained for four prefectures in the Kanto region of Japan for the period from 2007 to 2011. The area-specific association between daily EAD for acute illness and SPM was explored using generalized linear models while controlling for ambient temperature, relative humidity, seasonality, long-term trends, day of the week and public holidays. Stratified analyses were conducted to evaluate the modifying effects of age, sex and medical conditions. Area-specific estimates were combined using meta-analyses. For the total study period the mean level of SPM was 23.7 μg/m3. In general, higher SPM was associated with a significant increase in EAD for acute illness [estimated pooled relative risk (RR): 1.008, 95% CI: 1.007 to 1.010 per 10 μg/m3 increase in SPM at lag 0-1]. The effects of SPM on EAD for acute illness were significantly greater for moderate/mild medical conditions (e.g. cases that resulted in <3 weeks hospitalization or no hospitalization) when compared to severe medical conditions (e.g. critical cases, and cases that led to >3 weeks hospitalization or which resulted in death). Using EAD data, this study has shown the adverse health effects of ambient air pollution. This highlights the importance of reducing the level of air pollution in order to maintain population health and well-being.
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| 2. |
- Advani, Jayshree, et al.
(författare)
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Rise of Clinical Microbial Proteogenomics : A Multiomics Approach to Nontuberculous Mycobacterium-The Case of Mycobacterium abscessus UC22
- 2018
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Ingår i: Omics. - : MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC. - 1536-2310 .- 1557-8100. ; 23:1, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) species present a major challenge for global health with serious clinical manifestations ranging from pulmonary to skin infections. Multiomics research and its applications toward clinical microbial proteogenomics offer veritable potentials in this context. For example, the Mycobacterium abscessus, a highly pathogenic NTM, causes bronchopulmonary infection and chronic pulmonary disease. The rough variant of the M. abscessus UC22 strain is extremely virulent and causes lung upper lobe fibrocavitary disease. Although several whole-genome next-generation sequencing studies have characterized the genes in the smooth variant of M. abscessus, a reference genome sequence for the rough variant was generated only recently and calls for further clinical applications. We carried out whole-genome sequencing and proteomic analysis for a clinical isolate of M. abscessus UC22 strain obtained from a pulmonary tuberculosis patient. We identified 5506 single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), 63 insertions, and 76 deletions compared with the reference genome. Using a high-resolution LC-MS/MS-based approach (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry), we obtained protein coding evidence for 3601 proteins, representing 71% of the total predicted genes in this genome. Application of proteogenomic approach further revealed seven novel protein-coding genes and enabled refinement of six computationally derived gene models. We also identified 30 variant peptides corresponding to 16 SNVs known to be associated with drug resistance. These new observations offer promise for clinical applications of microbial proteogenomics and next-generation sequencing, and provide a resource for future global health applications for NTM species.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Tome, M. F., et al.
(författare)
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A finite difference technique for solving a time strain separable K-BKZ constitutive equation for two-dimensional moving free surface flows
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Physics. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9991 .- 1090-2716. ; 311, s. 114-141
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work is concerned with the numerical solution of the K-BKZ integral constitutive equation for two-dimensional time-dependent free surface flows. The numerical method proposed herein is a finite difference technique for simulating flows possessing moving surfaces that can interact with solid walls. The main characteristics of the methodology employed are: the momentum and mass conservation equations are solved by an implicit method; the pressure boundary condition on the free surface is implicitly coupled with the Poisson equation for obtaining the pressure field from mass conservation; a novel scheme for defining the past times t' is employed; the Finger tensor is calculated by the deformation fields method and is advanced in time by a second-order Runge-Kutta method. This new technique is verified by solving shear and uniaxial elongational flows. Furthermore, an analytic solution for fully developed channel flow is obtained that is employed in the verification and assessment of convergence with mesh refinement of the numerical solution. For free surface flows, the assessment of convergence with mesh refinement relies on a jet impinging on a rigid surface and a comparison of the simulation of a extrudate swell problem studied by Mitsoulis (2010) [44] was performed. Finally, the new code is used to investigate in detail the jet buckling phenomenon of K-BKZ fluids.
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