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- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Pavlova, A., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of polymorphisms of the major histocompatibility complex class II, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 genes on inhibitor development in severe hemophilia A
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1538-7933 .- 1538-7836. ; 7:12, s. 2006-2015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Approximately 25% of severe hemophilia A (HA) patients develop antibodies to factor VIII protein. Patients: In the present case-controlled cohort study, 260 severely affected, mutation-type-matched HA patients were studied for association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules and polymorphisms in the genes encoding interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and development of inhibitors. Results: Our results demonstrate a higher frequency of DRB1*15 and DQB1*0602 alleles as well as of the haplotype DRB1*15/DQB1*0602 in inhibitor patients [odds ratio (OR) 1.9; P < 0.05]. In TNF-alpha, the A allele of the -308G > A polymorphism was found with higher frequency in the inhibitor cohort (0.22 vs. 0.13, OR 1.80). This finding was more pronounced for the homozygous A/A genotype (OR 4.7). For IL-10, the -1082G allele was observed more frequently in patients with inhibitors (0.55 vs. 0.43; P = 0.008). The functional cytokine phenotype was determined for the first time, on the basis of the genetic background, and this showed that 12% of patients with inhibitors were high-TNF-alpha/high-IL-10 producers, as compared with 3% of non-inhibitor patients (OR 4.4). A trend for a lower frequency of the A allele of the CT60 polymorphism in CTLA-4 was found in inhibitor patients (0.42 vs. 0.50). Conclusions: In conclusion, the reported data clearly highlighted the participation of HLA molecules in inhibitor formation in a large cohort of patients. The higher frequencies of the -308G > A polymorphism in TNF-alpha and -1082A > G in IL-10 in inhibitor patients confirmed the earlier published data. The CT60 single-nucleotide polymorphism in CTLA-4 is of apparently less importance.
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| 4. |
- Berntorp, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Inhibitor treatment in haemophilas A and B: Summary statement for the 2006 International Consensus Conference
- 2006
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Ingår i: Haemophilia. - : Wiley. - 1351-8216 .- 1365-2516. ; 12, s. 41281-41281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Participants in an international conference on the management of haemophilia patients with inhibitors developed a jointly authored summary of the findings and conclusions of the conference. Current knowledge of the genetic and immunologic mechanisms underlying inhibitor development was briefly summarized. Concerning the purported treatment-related risk factors, conference participants commented on the limitations of the available evidence and the need for more rigorous prospective research in a fully genotyped population. Other clinical considerations discussed included the unproved utility of routine surveillance, the need for assay standardization, the management of acute bleeding and approaches to joint disease prophylaxis and immune tolerance induction (ITI). A number of issues were identified as needing further investigation in larger prospective studies, ideally through international cooperation. Such studies should enrol cohorts that have been scrupulously defined in terms of mutation status and treatment exposure. Finally, conference participants urged their colleagues to participate in the currently ongoing international trials of ITI.
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| 5. |
- Gasche, C, et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency and anemia in inflammatory bowel diseases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1078-0998 .- 1536-4844. ; 13:12, s. 1545-1553
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anemia is a common complication of inflammatory bowel diseases. An international working party has formed and developed guidelines for evaluation and treatment of anemia and iron deficiency that should serve practicing gastroenterologists. Within a total of 16 statements, recommendations are made regarding diagnostic measures to screen for iron- and other anemia-related deficiencies regarding the triggers for medical intervention, treatment goals, and appropriate therapies. Anemia is a common cause of hospitalization, prevents physicians from discharging hospitalized patients, and is one of me most frequent comorbid conditions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It therefore needs appropriate attention and specific care. Copyright © 2007 Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America, Inc.
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