| 1. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Long-range angular correlations on the near and away side in p-Pb collisions at root S-NN=5.02 TeV
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693. ; 719:1-3, s. 29-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Angular correlations between charged trigger and associated particles are measured by the ALICE detector in p-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV for transverse momentum ranges within 0.5 < P-T,P-assoc < P-T,P-trig < 4 GeV/c. The correlations are measured over two units of pseudorapidity and full azimuthal angle in different intervals of event multiplicity, and expressed as associated yield per trigger particle. Two long-range ridge-like structures, one on the near side and one on the away side, are observed when the per-trigger yield obtained in low-multiplicity events is subtracted from the one in high-multiplicity events. The excess on the near-side is qualitatively similar to that recently reported by the CMS Collaboration, while the excess on the away-side is reported for the first time. The two-ridge structure projected onto azimuthal angle is quantified with the second and third Fourier coefficients as well as by near-side and away-side yields and widths. The yields on the near side and on the away side are equal within the uncertainties for all studied event multiplicity and p(T) bins, and the widths show no significant evolution with event multiplicity or p(T). These findings suggest that the near-side ridge is accompanied by an essentially identical away-side ridge. (c) 2013 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Pacini, Henrique, et al.
(författare)
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When is pure ethanol attractive as a fuel option? Quantifying the gasoline vs ethanol dilemma faced by consumers in Brazil
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Academy of Business and Economics. - USA : International Academy of Business and Economics. - 1542-8710. ; 11:3, s. 109-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Brazilian light vehicle fleet runs mainly on two energy carriers: Gasoline and Ethanol (E100). While inBrazil bioethanol is used both as a low blend with gasoline (E20-25) and in a pure, separate option(E100), a large share of the fleet is flex-fuel capable, meaning cars can take pure ethanol, gasoline or anymixture of both. The choice on which fuel to use depends on consumer preferences when presented withboth choices at the pump. Previous research indicates that prices are a major factor influencing the fuelchoice at any given moment. Gasoline prices were relatively stable between 2005 and 2011, whileethanol prices experienced strong fluctuations based on sugarcane harvest seasons, suboptimalregulatory stocks and increasing demand due to the rising share of flex-fuel cars as well as exports to theUS and European Union markets. Therefore, depending on relative prices between ethanol and gasoline,the consumer appears to decide on the economic attractiveness of each fuel. The limit ratio betweenethanol and gasoline prices is considered to lie between 0.6 and 0.7 (due to different energy content andengine efficiencies characteristic to ethanol and gasoline). This study enhances previous investigationson consumer behavior in face of high biofuels blends, in form of an in-depth statistical analysis of thechoice phenomenon. The study focuses on the price-trigger which leads to fuel shift based on demandand price data from the Brazilian Agency for Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP), the Ministry ofAgriculture and the Brazilian Statistical Institute (IBGE) for the period between January 2005 and January2011, with monthly resolution. Relative prices and consumption between ethanol and gasoline priceswere calculated for all 27 Brazilian states (1971 observations). The analysis proceeded in form ofcorrelations and non-linear regressions in order to determine the quantitative reaction from the market inface of different price variations faced by consumers at the pump, in different seasons of the year. Theresulting regressions from the Brazilian case serve as a tool for policy-makers to seek efficient biofuelspromotion strategies, which specially guarantee the economic sustainability of the competing fuels,specially the attractiveness of biofuels when used as high-blends.
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