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| 2. |
- Saiki, Atsuhito, et al.
(författare)
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Tenomodulin is highly expressed in adipose tissue, increased in obesity, and down-regulated during diet-induced weight loss.
- 2009
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 94:10, s. 3987-94
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Tenomodulin (TNMD), a putative angiogenesis inhibitor, is expressed in hypovascular connective tissues. Global gene expression scans show that the TNMD gene also is expressed in human adipose tissue and that its expression is regulated in response to weight reduction; however, more detailed information is lacking. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate TNMD tissue distribution and TNMD gene expression in human adipose tissue in relation to obesity and metabolic disease. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND INTERVENTIONS: TNMD gene expression, tissue distribution, and TNMD gene expression in adipose tissue from different depots, from lean and obese subjects, and during diet-induced weight reduction were analyzed by DNA microarray and real-time PCR. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We primarily measured TNMD gene expression. RESULTS: The TNMD gene was predominantly expressed in sc adipose tissue. TNMD gene expression was higher in sc than omental adipose tissue both in lean (P = 0.002) and obese subjects (P = 0.014). In both women and men, TNMD gene expression was significantly higher in the obese subjects compared to the lean subjects (P = 1.1 x 10(-26) and P = 0.010, respectively). In a multiple linear regression analysis, BMI was a significant independent predictor of TNMD gene expression. TNMD gene expression was down-regulated during diet-induced weight loss, with a 65% decrease after 18 wk of diet (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that human adipose tissue TNMD gene expression is highly affected by obesity, adipose tissue location, and weight loss, indicating that TNMD may play a role in adipose tissue function.
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| 3. |
- Öhrfelt Olsson, Annika, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein in neurodegenerative disorders-a marker of synapse loss?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Neuroscience letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3940. ; 450:3, s. 332-5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) neuropathology with Parkinson's disease (PD) and several related disorders has led to an intense research effort to develop cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)- or blood-based alpha-syn biomarkers for these types of diseases. Recent studies show that alpha-syn is present in CSF and possible to measure using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Here, we describe a novel ELISA that allows for quantification of alpha-syn in CSF down to 50pg/mL. The diagnostic value of the test was assessed using CSF samples from 66 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, 15PD patients, 15 patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and 55 cognitively normal controls. PD and DLB patients and controls displayed similar CSF alpha-syn levels. AD patients had significantly lower alpha-syn levels than controls (median [inter-quartile range] 296 [234-372] and 395 [298-452], respectively, p<0.001). Moreover, AD patients with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores below 20 had significantly lower alpha-syn than AD patients with MMSE scores of 20 or higher (p=0.02). There was also a tendency towards a negative correlation between alpha-syn levels and disease duration in the AD group (r=-0.247, p=0.06). Altogether, our results speak against CSF alpha-syn as a reliable biomarker for PD and DLB. The lower alpha-syn levels in AD, as well as the association of alpha-syn reduction with AD severity, approximated by MMSE, suggests that it may be a general marker of synapse loss, a hypothesis that warrants further investigation.
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| 4. |
- Blyberg, Louise, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Fire exposed light-frame timber walls : A study on the effect of geometrical reduction of a vertically loaded I-section stud
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A wooden I-stud as a member of a light-frame timber wall is modelled with reducing flange width to simulate fire exposure. The stud is loaded with a vertical load and the effect of restraints from one gypsum board and the top and bottom rail is considered. Geometry and material values are chosen to correspond to a stud with flanges of solid wood and web of OSB (oriented strand board). A model with shell and beam elements is implemented in Abaqus. A buckling analysis is performed on a perfectly straight stud and then a geometrically nonlinear analysis is performed on a stud with an initial curvature. Both the buckling analysis and the geometrically nonlinear analysis show that even a large reduction of the flange width results only in moderate changes of the load-carrying capacity of the structure. In the report diagrams are presented from the geometrically nonlinear analysis where the critical load is easy to read once a failure stress is determined, but an estimate of the the failure stress is not given here.
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| 5. |
- Flodén, Liselott, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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A myriad shades of green
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Bridges 2009, Banff, Alberta, Canada.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the possible application of techniques inspired by the theories of G-convergence and homogenization to understand mixtures of colors and how they appear as observed by the human eye. The ideas are illustrated by pictures describing the equivalent of a convergence process for different kinds of mixtures of colors.
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| 6. |
- Flodén, Liselott, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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On the determination of effective properties of certain structures with non-periodic temporal oscillations
- 2009
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Ingår i: MATHMOD 2009 - 6th Vienna International Conference on Mathematical Modelling. - Wien : Vienna University Press (WUV). - 9783901608353 ; , s. 2627-2630
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the homogenization of an evolution problem modelled by a parabolic equation, where the coefficient describing the structure is periodic in space but may vary in time in a non-periodic way. This is performed applying a generalization of two-scale convergence called λ-scale convergence. We give a result on the characterization of the λ-scale limit of gradients under certain boundedness assumptions. This is then applied to perform the homogenization procedure. It turns out that, under a certain condition on the rate of change of the temporal variations, the effective property of the given structure can be determined the same way as in periodic cases.
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| 7. |
- Johansson, Martin, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Approximate boundary conditions for a fluid-loaded elastic plate
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 1520-8524 .- 0001-4966. ; 118:6, s. 3436-3446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Approximate boundary conditions for an infinite elastic layer immersed in a fluid are derived. By using series expansions in the thickness coordinate of the plate fields, the displacements fields are eliminated, adopting the three-dimensional equations of motion. The sums and differences of the boundary pressure fields and their normal derivatives are related through a set of approximate boundary conditions, one symmetric and one antisymmetric. These equations involve powers in the layer thickness together with partial derivatives with respect to time as well as the spatial variables in the plate plane. The approximate boundary conditions can be truncated to an arbitrary order, and explicit relations are presented including terms of order five. Comparisons are made with effective boundary conditions using classical plate theories. The numerical examples involve reflection and transmission of plane waves incident on the plate at different angles, as well as the pressure fields due to a line force. Three fluid-loading cases are studied: modest, heavy, and light loadings. The results using truncated approximate boundary conditions are compared to exact and classical plate solutions. The examples show that the accuracies of the power series approximations of order three and higher are very good in the frequency interval considered.
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| 8. |
- Olsson, Marianne, 1973-
(författare)
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G-Convergence and Homogenization of some Monotone Operators
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis we investigate some partial differential equations with respect to G-convergence and homogenization. We study a few monotone parabolic equations that contain periodic oscillations on several scales, and also some linear elliptic and parabolic problems where there are no periodicity assumptions. To begin with, we examine parabolic equations with multiple scales regarding the existence and uniqueness of the solution, in view of the properties of some monotone operators. We then consider G-convergence for elliptic and parabolic operators and recall some results that guarantee the existence of a well-posed limit problem. Then we proceed with some classical homogenization techniques that allow an explicit characterization of the limit operator in periodic cases. In this context, we prove G-convergence and homogenization results for a monotone parabolic problem with oscillations on two scales in the space variable. Then we consider two-scale convergence and the homogenization method based on this notion, and also its generalization to multiple scales. This is further extended to the case that allows oscillations in space as well as in time. We prove homogenization results for a monotone parabolic problem with oscillations on two spatial scales and one temporal scale, and for a linear parabolic problem where oscillations occur on one scale in space and two scales in time. Finally, we study some linear elliptic and parabolic problems where no periodicity assumptions are made and where the coefficients are created by certain integral operators. Here we prove results concerning when the G-limit may be obtained immediately and is equal to a certain weak limit of the sequence of coefficients.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Anders, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Organized producers of net culture : Actors. practices, ambitions
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ever since its breakthrough in the 1990s, the internet has inspired numerous theoretical discourses to analyse “the Net’s” significance: What will it mean to the world we once knew? Within these debates a number of conceptualisations have been especially significant, notably the early ideas of an “Internet Culture”, and later on analyses connecting the internet to a “Participatory” or a “Convergence Culture”. Even though these conceptualisations differ in-between one another, they share a number of important features. One such feature is their preference for understanding the internet as a sphere that is dominated by everyday users, who act as active but “disorganised producers” on the internet through practices such as blogging, face-booking, website production, social networking etc. This preference has given the theoretical discussion a problematic bias. Among other things, it has effectively discouraged research to really take on and analyse the many and very often powerful “organised producers” of internet content, who make use of economic power, discursive resources, and marketing strategies to reach out to everyday users (and curiously enough also offering them to “participate”). This paper presents the theoretical foundation and describes the empirical design of an ethnographic research project* aiming to start compensating for this bias by analysing and theorising “organised internet producers”. The paper also illustrates the approach through initial analyses from one of the five case studies within the project.
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| 10. |
- von Greiff, Ninive, 1973-
(författare)
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Ungdomsinriktad alkohol- och drogprevention : förutsättningar, evidens och legitimitet
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis is to elucidate different aspects of Swedish adolescents’ use of alcohol and drugs and how society deals with problems related to their use. The subject has been analyzed in four studies. The first study was based on focus-group interviews with adolescents and aimed at elucidating the meaning of alcohol and intoxication for adolescents. The participants’ discussions contained two levels - one superficial (an ideal presentation of themselves) and one deep (which mediated cultural ideas of how to think and act). This is interpreted as a way to express the maturity process they are going through, at the same time as it symbolizes difficulties to unite external norms and values with their own need for devotion. The second study was based on project applications, evaluations and economy accounts for preventive work from 150 projects conducted by non-profit organizations. The results show that type of organizations and the methods used were based on tradition rather than on efficiency. These results are discussed in relation to growing demands for evidence based practice in the field of prevention. The third and the fourth study are based on the ADAD-interview (Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis). In the third study, comparisons of different judgements concerning the extent of drug abuse among adolescents in institutional care, were made and results show large differences between the different judgements, concerning both occurrence and extent of abuse. In the fourth study, the significance of ADAD was discussed in relation to matching drug abusing adolescents to treatment institutions. The results show that only a limited number of institutions specializes on drug abusing adolescents and that a majority of the adolescents institutionalized for drug problems never visit an institution specialized on drug abuse treatment.
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