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- Dizdar (Dizdar Segrell), Nil, et al.
(författare)
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Human pharmacokinetics of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine studied with microdialysis
- 1999
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 45:10, s. 1813-1820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intravenous and subcutaneous microdialysis was performedto compare the free concentrations and pharmacokinetics of L-3,4-dihyroxyphenylalanine(L-dopa) in blood and tissue in healthy subjects and in patientswith Parkinson disease.Methods: Nine healthy volunteers and 10 patients with Parkinson disease, stage 1.5–2 according to the Hoehn-Yahr rating scale, took part of the study. In the patient group subcutaneous microdialysis and ordinary blood sampling were performed, whereas in the control group intravenous microdialysis was also performed. Microdialysis samples were collected in fractions of 15 min. The first two fractions were collected for analysis of basal concentrations. A blood sample was also taken. The patients were then given one tablet of Madopar® (100 mg of L-dopa and 25 mg of benserazide),and the microdialysis was continued for another 210 min. Bloodsamples were obtained at 30-min intervals.Results: The serum samples gave a significantly higher meanarea under the curve (AUC; 491 ± 139 µmol ·min/L) than that for intravenous dialysates (235 ± 55.3µmol · min/L), suggesting a protein binding of50%. The L-dopa concentrations from the subcutaneous dialysatesmatched those from the intravenous dialysates, indicating rapiddistribution of L-dopa to the tissues.Conclusions: Parkinsonian patients in early stages of the disease have a pharmacokinetic pattern of free L-dopa similar to that of healthy subjects. Comparison of AUCs from microdialysis with ordinary serum analysis revealed data indicating significant protein binding. Microdialysis is a suitable and easily applied tool in pharmacokinetic studies.
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| 2. |
- Fall, Per-Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Age standardised incidence and prevalence of Parkinson´s disease in a Swedish community
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-4356. ; 49:6, s. 637-641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parkinson's disease (PD) shows a geographical variation. All prescriptions for anti-parkinsonian drugs were recorded for a half-year in a region with low -dopa consumption. Hospital and outpatient records were studied and physicians were asked to supply details of PD patients in the region, with 147,777 inhabitants. The crude prevalence was 115 PD per 100,000 inhabitants, based on 170 cases. In contrast to other studies we report an age-standardized prevalence, which was 76 per 100,000, using the European Standard Population as reference. The corresponding approximate incidences were 11.0 (crude) and 7.9 (age-standardized) per 100,000 person-years. Male preponderance appeared in all age groups. Mean age at onset was 65.6 years, the highest figure reported. Variation between studies for age at onset, differences in prevalence, and male preponderance suggest environmental risk factors to be of importance for PD.
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| 3. |
- Fjæstad, Björn, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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National profile: Sweden
- 1998
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Ingår i: Biotechnology in the public sphere. - London : Science Museum. - 190074709X ; , s. 130-143
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Karlsson, Björn
(författare)
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A Toolbox for Sensor Data Fusion in Industrial Automation
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The work is focused on measurement for support in industrial automation and especially around industrial robots. The main thread in the work is the combination (fusion) of information from different sensors. The applications are disassembly of electrical motors, sensor fusion in industrial safety applications and a new method for calibration of industrial robots.When working with worn out products e.g. electrical motors, there are many different sources of uncertainty. To be able to perform operations on the products a method that can work under uncertainty are needed. It can be hard to decide which method works best in a specific situation. To make it easier a sensor fusion toolbox including different methods can be used. Typical data are tested by the toolbox and the method giving the best result is then used in the specific situation. One possible method is fuzzy measures: statistics and operator knowledge are combined forming possibility measures. These are then fused to give a decision regarding which operation to perform.In the work with disassembly of electrical motors we have studied both commercial sensors, such as vision, accelerometers, current probes and speed counters, and sensors developed at the department, i.e. eddy current probes. One part of the work has been to make the different sensors co-operate, both with each other and with the rest of the system.Safety is important when working with industrial automation. However, a problem with the safety systems of today is that they reduce the flexibility in the work cell. To avoid that we use new sensing methods, which can monitor the critical area and combine their output by sensor fusion. When an intruder is entering the working area, the speed of the equipment is reduced and when the intruder is close to the equipment it will stop.To make general off-line programming of industrial robots possible there is a need of high absolute accuracy. Absolute accuracy here means that different robots reach the same position with sufficient precision when the same robot program controls them. The industrial robots of today have a good relative accuracy, in the sense that a specific robot always reaches the same position as before when controlled by the same program. However, the absolute accuracy is not so high due to insufficient robot mechanics. ABB Robotics has, in co-operation with the division of measurement technology, worked with a concept based on a calibration stick equipped within clinometers and a LVDT. The stick measures, from a carefully determined point in the floor and to different robot positions, the distance using a LVDT, and the angle of inclination using inclinometers.
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