| 1. |
- Fazey, Ioan, et al.
(författare)
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Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy Research & Social Science. - : Elsevier. - 2214-6296 .- 2214-6326. ; 70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
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| 2. |
- Mendham, Amy E., et al.
(författare)
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Exercise training results in depot-specific adaptations to adipose tissue mitochondrial function
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assessed differences in mitochondrial function in gluteal (gSAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) at baseline and in response to 12-weeks of exercise training; and examined depot-specific associations with body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity (S-I). Obese, black South African women (n = 45) were randomized into exercise (n = 23) or control (n = 22) groups. Exercise group completed 12-weeks of aerobic and resistance training (n = 20), while the control group (n = 15) continued usual behaviours. Mitochondrial function (high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry) in gSAT and aSAT, SI (frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test), body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and ectopic fat (MRI) were assessed pre- and post-intervention. At baseline, gSAT had higher mitochondrial respiratory capacity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production than aSAT (p < 0.05). Higher gSAT respiration was associated with higher gynoid fat (p < 0.05). Higher gSAT H2O2 production and lower aSAT mitochondrial respiration were independently associated with lower SI (p < 0.05). In response to training, S-I improved and gynoid fat decreased (p < 0.05), while H2O2 production reduced in both depots, and mtDNA decreased in gSAT (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial respiration increased in aSAT and correlated with a decrease in body fat and an increase in soleus and hepatic fat content (p < 0.05). This study highlights the importance of understanding the differences in mitochondrial function in multiple SAT depots when investigating the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and associated risk factors such as body fat distribution and ectopic lipid deposition. Furthermore, we highlight the benefits of exercise training in stimulating positive adaptations in mitochondrial function in gluteal and abdominal SAT depots.
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| 3. |
- Rudjito, Reskandi C., et al.
(författare)
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Arabinoxylan source and xylanase specificity influence the production of oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential
- 2023
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Ingår i: Carbohydrate Polymers. - : Elsevier BV. - 0144-8617 .- 1879-1344. ; 320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cereal arabinoxylans (AXs) are complex polysaccharides in terms of their pattern of arabinose and ferulic acid substitutions, which influence their properties in structural and nutritional applications. We have evaluated the influence of the molecular structure of three AXs from wheat and rye with distinct substitutions on the activity of β-xylanases from different glycosyl hydrolase families (GH 5_34, 8, 10 and 11). The arabinose and ferulic acid substitutions influence the accessibility of the xylanases, resulting in specific profiles of arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS). The GH10 xylanase from Aspergillus aculeatus (AcXyn10A) and GH11 from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TlXyn11) showed the highest activity, producing larger amounts of small oligosaccharides in shorter time. The GH8 xylanase from Bacillus sp. (BXyn8) produced linear xylooligosaccharides and was most restricted by arabinose substitution, whereas GH5_34 from Gonapodya prolifera (GpXyn5_34) required arabinose substitution and produced longer (A)XOS substituted on the reducing end. The complementary substrate specificity of BXyn8 and GpXyn5_34 revealed how arabinoses were distributed along the xylan backbones. This study demonstrates that AX source and xylanase specificity influence the production of oligosaccharides with specific structures, which in turn impacts the growth of specific bacteria (Bacteroides ovatus and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) and the production of beneficial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids).
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| 4. |
- Salvi, Dario, et al.
(författare)
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An IoT-based system for the study of neuropathic pain in spinal cord injury
- 2023
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Ingår i: Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. - : Springer. - 9783031345852 - 9783031345869 ; , s. 93-103
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropathic pain is a difficult condition to treat and would require reliable biomarkers to personalise and optimise treatments. To date, pain levels are mostly measured with subjective scales, but research has shown that electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) can be linked to those levels. Internet of Things technology could allow embedding EEG and HRV in easy-to-use systems that patients can use at home in their daily life. We have developed a system for home monitoring that includes a portable EEG device, a tablet application to guide patients through imaginary motor tasks while recording EEG, a wearable HRV sensor and a mobile phone app to report pain levels. We are using this system in a clinical study involving 15 spinal cord injury patients for one month. Preliminary results show that relevant data are being collected, with inter and intra-patients variability for both HRV and pain levels, and that the mobile phone app is perceived as usable, of good quality and useful. However, because of its complexity, the system requires some effort from patients, is sometimes unreliable and the collected EEG signals are not always of the desired quality.
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| 5. |
- Salvi, Dario, et al.
(författare)
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Mobistudy : Mobile-based, platform-independent, multi-dimensional data collection for clinical studies
- 2022
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Ingår i: IoT 2021. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450385664 ; , s. 219-222
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet of Things (IoT) can work as a useful tool for clinical research. We developed a software platform that allows researchers to publish clinical studies and volunteers to participate into them using an app and connected IoT devices. The platform includes a REST API, a web interface for researchers and an app that collects data during tasks volunteers are invited to contribute. Nine tasks have been developed: Forms, Positioning, Finger tapping, Pulse-oximetry, Peak Flow measurement, Activity tracking, Data query, Queen’s College step test and Six-minute walk test. These leverage sensors embedded in the phone, connected Bluetooth devices and additional APIs like HealthKit and Google Fit. Currently, the platform is used in two clinical studies by 25 patients: an asthma management study in the United Kingdom, and a neuropathic pain management study in Spain.
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| 6. |
- Sandin, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Kunskapsläge kring byggnader med stomme av trä : teknik, hållbarhet och cirkulär materialanvändning
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Byggandet står för en betydande resursanvändning och miljöbelastning. Att uppföra en större andel av byggnadsstommarna av trä har lyfts som ett möjligt sätt att bidra till ett mer hållbart byggande. Städer har engagerat sig i byggande med trä genom att anta särskilda träbyggnadsstrategier. För att fatta välinformerade beslut om val av byggnadsstommar behöver beslutsfattare vetenskapligt grundade kunskaper. Det saknas i litteraturen ett sammanställt vetenskapligt kunskapsunderlag vad gäller trästommars tekniska prestanda och hållbarhet. Den här rapportens syfte är att utgöra ett sådant underlag.
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