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- Hempel, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental perspectives on tutorial groups as projects groups
- 2001
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Ingår i: Studies of Groups and Change. Proceedings from a conference on group and social psychology, Lund University, May 2000. - 9163108992 ; , s. 112-124
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new system to categorize the content of group diaries is developed and tried out in 12 PBL groups. The theoretically derived and preformed main categories were Boundary manage¬ment, Transformational realms, Awareness of organizational contexts and temporal perspectives. After analysis it is concluded that it may be a more fruitful way to proceed through reading and analyzing the diaries as narratives, evaluating them a holistic perspec¬tive.
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- Jern, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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The pair in the group: Boundaries for destruction and creativity
- 2001
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Ingår i: Studies of Groups and Change. Proceedings from a conference on group and social psychology, Lund University, May 2000. - 9163108992 ; , s. 134-157
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A comparative case study is performed of three working groups containing pairs and triads. Effects on cohesion and group development are analyzed and a model is constructed A distinction is made between pairs formed 1. out of earlier relationships, 2. and/or to pursue work and those that form, 3. as a reaction to the former. Pairs can contribute to work and development in constructive ways, but pairs can also destroy work and hinder progress. The outcome depends on how the pair is viewed by the group, what meaning is ascribed to it and on to what degree it is organized and integrated into the group. The outcome partly depends on boundary issues.
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- Mercer, Eric A, et al.
(författare)
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NAIP interacts with hippocalcin and protects neurons against calcium-induced cell death through caspase-3-dependent and -independent pathways
- 2000
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Ingår i: EMBO Journal. - Univ Uppsala, Biomed Ctr, Dept Neurosci, Uppsala, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Physiol, Div Cellular Physiol, S-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. : Oxford University Press. - 0261-4189 .- 1460-2075. ; 19:14, s. 3597-3607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs), including neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP), inhibit cell death. Other IAPs inhibit key caspase proteases which effect cell death, but the mechanism by which NAIP acts is unknown. Here we report that NAIP, through its third baculovirus inhibitory repeat domain (BIR3), binds the neuron-restricted calcium-binding protein, hippocalcin, in an interaction promoted by calcium. In neuronal cell lines NSC-34 and Neuro-2a, over-expression of the BIR domains of NAIP (NAIP-BIR1-3) counteracted the calcium-induced cell death induced by ionomycin and thapsigargin. This protective capacity was significantly enhanced when NAIP-BIR1-3 was co-expressed with hippocalcin. Over-expression of the BIR3 domain or hippocalcin alone did not substantially enhance cell survival, but co-expression greatly increased their protective effects. These data suggest synergy between NAIP and hippocalcin in facilitating neuronal survival against calcium-induced death stimuli mediated through the BIR3 domain. Analysis of caspase activity after thapsigargin treatment revealed that caspase-3 is activated in NSC-34, but not Neuro-2a, cells, Thus NAIP, in conjunction with hippocalcin, can protect neurons against calcium-induced cell death in caspase-3-activated and non-activated pathways.
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- Mogilevkina, Iryna, 1958-
(författare)
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Some reproductive health indicators in Ukraine : A study with special emphasis on factors behind induced aboartion and perinatal mortality
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To study indicators specifically reflecting the reproductive health of Ukrainian women and to analyse factors behind the indicators. Methods: Induced abortion and maternal mortality were studied in some countries/regions of the former Soviet Union, using official statistics. Abortion rates, contraceptive practices and intentions in Ukrainian women were analysed by a large self-completion survey in 1996, and by a classroom questionnaire to first year medical students in 1999 in Donetsk, Ukraine. Totally, 1694 women and 689 students participated. Perinatal mortality was studied, applying the Nordic-Baltic perinatal death classification to all cases in the Donetsk region in 1997-98 (n=1126) and in Denmark in 1996 (n=540). Clinical guidelines, use of technology and rates of interventions in the two regions were analysed. Results: Abortion remains a major method of fertility control and abortion-related mortality contributes to maternal deaths. Perinatal mortality rate is twice as high in the Donetsk region as in Denmark. A substantial proportion of sexually active women do not practice contraception. Modern methods of contraception are not widely used. There is a lack of knowledge in reproductive health issues and negative attitude to OCs. There is a positive attitude towards abortion as an acceptable fertility control method and of having abortion instead of using OCs or IUD. Poor economy is an obstacle to the use of contraceptive methods associated with a cost. Lack of experience with contraception reduces the intention to use any method in the future. Being single, younger than 19 years, living with parents, having a positive attitude towards abortion as fertility control method, having a history of previous childbirth and/or abortion are important factors associated with pregnancy termination. Antepartum deaths of growth-retarded fetuses, intrapartum and neonatal deaths associated with asphyxia are more common in Ukraine than in Denmark, particularly among premature infants. Lack of evidence-based clinical guidelines and adequate resources for fetal monitoring during pregnancy and labour, together with negative attitudes towards, and limited resources for, instrumental delivery, contribute to high perinatal mortality.Conclusion: Better reproductive education/information of all strata of society is needed. Implementation of evidence-based guidelines in perinatal medicine, where international collaboration can be of great value, should be a matter of high priority.
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- Olsson, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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No benefit of reduced heparinization in thoracic aortic operation with heparin-coated bypass circuits
- 2000
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 69:3, s. 743-749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Heparin coating of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit attenuates inflammatory response and confer clinical benefits in cardiac operations. The positive effects may be amplified with reduced systemic heparin dosage. We studied markers of inflammation and coagulation in thoracic aortic operations with heparin-coated circuits and standard vs reduced systemic heparinization. METHODS: Thirty patients were randomized to standard (group S; 300 IU/kg initially; activated clotting times [ACT] > 480 seconds; 5,000 IU in prime; n = 16) or reduced (group R; 100 IU/kg initially; ACT > 250 seconds; 2,500 IU in prime; n = 14) dose systemic heparin. The following markers were analyzed perioperatively: (a) inflammatory response; acute phase cytokine interleukin-6, and granulocytic proteins myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin; (b) complement activation; factor C3a and the C5a-9 terminal complement complex [TCC]; and (c) coagulation; thrombin-antithrombin III complex. RESULTS: The clinical outcome did not differ between groups. Four (29%) patients in group R had a perioperative thromboembolic event. All studied markers were significantly elevated during and throughout cardiopulmonary bypass in both groups. Maximal values were higher in group R for all variables except for TCC. There were no statistically significant intergroup differences regarding markers of inflammation, complement activation, or coagulation activation. CONCLUSIONS: The blood trauma in thoracic aortic operation is extensive, as reflected by the elevation of the studied biochemical markers, even when heparin-coated cardiopulmonary bypass circuits are used. In this study, we did not detect any benefits, either biochemical or clinical, of reducing the dose of systemic heparin.
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