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| 2. |
- Arnell, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Making waves : A vision for digital water utilities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Water Research X. - : Elsevier BV. - 2589-9147. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digitalisation has developed over half a century and is one of the global trends defining society of today and future. Digitalisation is envisioned to help water utilities to become: i) community orientated and digitally integrated with customers and society; ii) digitally transformed end-to-end throughout the value-chain and interconnected between business units; iii) predictive & proactive, utilizing models and applications for control and decision support; iv) visually communicative with customers and society, creating customers aware of the value of water; and financially sustainable by optimal operation (OPEX), and sustainable investments (CAPEX). Digitalisation is a process for business development, where digital solutions are used for automation and innovation. Utilizing the potential of the technological innovation requires a parallel organisational transformation. Any implementation of systems or applications must be motivated in actual needs for the organisation and service delivery. Prior to any digitalisation, identifying issues and areas of improvement is essential. Starting the digital journey, motivating employees, improving the digital culture and creating acceptance of new processes are needed on all levels. Most digital applications require collection, storage, sharing and integrated analysis of large amounts of data. This includes both soft and hard digital infrastructure.
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| 3. |
- Bernardo, Ricardo, et al.
(författare)
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Combined solar and membrane drying technologies for sustainable fruit preservation in low-income countries – prototype development, modelling, and testing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Advances. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-1131. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This investigation consisted of developing and evaluating solar dryers together with semi-permeable membrane pouches for drying juicy fruits in low-income tropical countries. Two design iterations were carried out including prototype modelling and testing. The latest developed solar dryers were a passive and an active solar dryer. Modelling was initially carried out mathematically using an equation solver software followed by computational fluid dynamics. Preliminary measurements were carried out on a small-scale solar dryer. Thereafter, full-scale models were developed and tested, both in laboratory and in real conditions in Mozambique. Results from modelling were validated against measurements in laboratory in Sweden and field trials in Mozambique. Prototype building and testing in Mozambique was undertaken in collaboration with local farmers and a university. Measurement results show that the dryers help to prevent microbial growth through increased temperatures. The drying flux was increased by 50% for the passive, and by 100% for the active solar dryers compared to the ambient controls that did not use a solar dryer. The total drying time was below four days for all pouches in the dryers. The active solar dryer was shown to have the shortest drying time and the highest capacity (more pouches) but also the highest costs. Mould growth and juice fermentation were observed on control pouches drying in open air. These problems were solved with the use of solar dryer technology. However, some challenges with the membrane pouches require further development including degradation of the membrane when exposed to direct sunlight.
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| 4. |
- Burden, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Självkörande landsbygd
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur skulle autonoma fordon kunna användas inom kollektivtrafiken på landsbygden? Genom intervjuer, workshops och en RFI (request for information, ett första steg mot upphandling) har vi undersökt frågan utifrån fyra konkreta områden i Sverige – Lund, Gotland, Eskilstuna och Skellefteå. Med en definition av landsbygd baserad på individens mobilitet har vi sett att Sveriges landsbygd rymmer mindre orter på väg att avfolkas där äldre, barn och de utan körkort hade kunnat få bättre tillgång till samhällelig service med autonoma fordon. Vi har också sett att flera av landets nya arbetsplatser kommer befinna sig på landsbygden och därmed skapa ett mobilitetsbehov från staden till landet. För att kunna realisera de identifierade möjligheterna finns ett behov av att framföra fordonen i högre hastigheter samt att de ska kunna hantera mer komplexa trafiksituationer än vad dagens piloter i städerna visat. På landsbygden finns alltså ett utrymme för nya fordon att visa upp sig. Samtidigt ser vi hur man inte ska förvänta sig att investeringarna i autonoma fordon kommer betala sig på en linje, snarare behöver man lyfta blicken och se systemeffekten när stomlinjetrafiken blir mer attraktiv då bussarna går raka vägen istället för via mindre samhällen. Vi har inte sett några belägg på att den digitala infrastrukturen behöver utvecklas för att möjliggöra försök med autonoma fordon på någon av de undersökta rutterna. Dagens 4G-täckning är fullgod och fordonen borde ha tillgång till tillräckligt bra positioneringsdata för att bedriva verksamheten. Däremot ställs flera frågor om hur ersättningstrafiken organiseras när fordonen inte klarar av vädret, vem som står för säkrare hållplatser och hur chaufförens övriga ansvar realiseras när fordonet är förarlöst.
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| 5. |
- Capodaglio, Andrea G., et al.
(författare)
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Energy issues in sustainable urban wastewater management : Use, demand reduction and recovery in the urban water cycle
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban water systems and, in particular, wastewater treatment facilities are among the major energy consumers at municipal level worldwide. Estimates indicate that on average these facilities alone may require about 1% to 3% of the total electric energy output of a country, representing a significant fraction of municipal energy bills. Specific power consumption of state-of-the-art facilities should range between 20 and 45 kWh per population-equivalent served, per year, even though older plants may have even higher demands. This figure does not include wastewater conveyance (pumping) and residues post-processing. On the other hand, wastewater and its byproducts contain energy in different forms: chemical, thermal and potential. Until very recently, the only form of energy recovery from most facilities consisted of anaerobic post-digestion of process residuals (waste sludge), by which chemical energy methane is obtained as biogas, in amounts generally sufficient to cover about half of plant requirements. Implementation of new technologies may allow more efficient strategies of energy savings and recovery from sewage treatment. Besides wastewater valorization by exploitation of its chemical and thermal energy contents, closure of the wastewater cycle by recovery of the energy content of process residuals could allow significant additional energy recovery and increased greenhouse emissions abatement.
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| 6. |
- Dahlén, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors : Follow-up of patients diagnosed 2002-2017 in a complete coverage and nationwide agnostic register study
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Hematology. - : Wiley. - 0361-8609 .- 1096-8652. ; 97:4, s. 421-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have profoundly improved the clinical outcome for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but their overall survival is still subnormal and the treatment is associated with adverse events. In a large cohort-study, we assessed the morbidity in 1328 Swedish CML chronic phase patients diagnosed 2002-2017 and treated with TKIs, as compared to that in carefully matched control individuals. Several Swedish patient registers with near-complete nationwide coverage were utilized for data acquisition. Median follow-up was 6 (IQR, 3-10) years with a total follow-up of 8510 person-years for the full cohort. Among 670 analyzed disease categories, the patient cohort showed a significantly increased risk in 142 while, strikingly, no category was more common in controls. Increased incidence rate ratios/IRR (95% CI) for more severe events among patients included acute myocardial infarction (AMI) 2.0 (1.5-2.6), heart failure 2.6 (2.2-3.2), pneumonia 2.8 (2.3-3.5), and unspecified sepsis 3.5 (2.6-4.7). When comparing patients on 2nd generation TKIs vs. imatinib in a within-cohort analysis, nilotinib generated elevated IRRs for AMI (2.9; 1.5-5.6) and chronic ischemic heart disease (2.2; 1.2-3.9), dasatinib for pleural effusion (11.6; 7.6-17.7) and infectious complications, for example, acute upper respiratory infections (3.0; 1.4-6.0). Our extensive real-world data reveal significant risk increases of severe morbidity in TKI-treated CML patients, as compared to matched controls, particularly for 2nd generation TKIs. Whether this increased morbidity may also translate into increased mortality, thus preventing CML patients to achieve a normalized overall survival, needs to be further explored.
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| 7. |
- Dahlén, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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An agnostic study of associations between abo and rhd blood group and phenome-wide disease risk
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are multiple known associations between the ABO and RhD blood groups and disease. No systematic population-based studies elucidating associations between a large number of disease categories and blood group have been conducted. Methods: Using SCANDAT3-S, a comprehensive nationwide blood donation-transfusion database, we modelled outcomes for 1,217 disease categories including 70 million person-years of follow-up, accruing from 5.1 million individuals. Results: We discovered 49 and 1 associations between a disease and ABO and RhD blood group, respectively, after adjustment for multiple testing. We identified new associations such as kidney stones and blood group B as compared to O. We also expanded previous knowledge on other associations such as pregnancy-induced hypertension and blood group A and AB as compared to O and RhD positive as compared to negative. Conclusion: Our findings generate strong further support for previously known associations, but also indicate new interesting relations.
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| 8. |
- Ekelund Ugge, Gustaf Magnus Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Transcriptional and biochemical biomarker responses in a freshwater mussel (Anodonta anatina) under environmentally relevant Cu exposure
- 2020
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. - : Springer Berlin/Heidelberg. - 0944-1344 .- 1614-7499. ; 27:9, s. 9999-10010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular biomarkers, like gene transcripts or enzyme activities, are potentially powerful tools for early warning assessment of pollution. However, a thorough understanding of response and baseline variation is required to distinguish actual effects from pollution. Here, we assess the freshwater mussel Anodonta anatina as a biomarker model species for freshwater ecosystems, by testing responses of six transcriptional (cat, gst, hsp70, hsp90, mt, and sod) and two biochemical (AChE and GST) biomarkers to environmentally relevant Cu water concentrations. Mussels (n = 20), collected from a stream free from point source pollution, were exposed in the laboratory, for 96 h, to Cu treatments (< 0.2 mu g/L, 0.77 +/- 0.87 mu g/L, and 6.3 +/- 5.4 mu g/L). Gills and digestive glands were extracted and analyzed for transcriptional and biochemical responses. Biological and statistical effect sizes from Cu treatments were in general small (mean log(2) fold-change <= 0.80 and Cohen's f <= 0.69, respectively), and no significant treatment effects were observed. In contrast, four out of eight biomarkers (cat, gst, hsp70, and GST) showed a significant sex:tissue interaction, and additionally one (sod) showed significant overall effects from sex. Specifically, three markers in gills (cat, mt, GST) and one in digestive gland (AChE) displayed significant sex differences, independent of treatment. Results suggest that sex or tissue effects might obscure low-magnitude biomarker responses and potential early warnings. Thus, variation in biomarker baselines and response patterns needs to be further addressed for the future use of A. anatina as a biomarker model species.
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| 9. |
- Engström, Jimmy
(författare)
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Scaling Indoor Positioning : improving accuracy and privacy of indoor positioning
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Our phones have many uses for positioning technologies, such as navigation, LocationBased Services (LBS), emergency positioning, fitness applications, and advertising. We trust our phones and wearables to be location-aware. However, as soon as we enter a building, we can no longer use GPS signals, as their already weak signals are well below the background noise of the environment. This requires us to develop alternatives, such as installing active radio beacons, using existing radio infrastructure, applying environmental sensing based on barometric pressure and magnetic fields, or utilizing Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) to estimate the user location. This licentiate thesis aims to evaluate beacon-based indoor positioning, where we assume installing a set of small battery-powered Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons are possible. In particular, the thesis addresses essential factors such as installation effort, accuracy, the privacy aspects of an Indoor Positioning System(IPS), and mitigation of accuracy issues related to radio signal shadowing in complex indoor environments. The goal is to solve some obstacles to the widespread adoption of indoor positioning solutions.
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| 10. |
- Gillblad, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Integrating local solar energy and water recovery : Operating experiences of a systemic approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: Water Practice and Technology. - 1751-231X. ; 18:12, s. 3291-3298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The key message is the importance of a systemic approach to handling water and energy together, both in design and in oper-ation. The paper demonstrates how renewable energy, solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal, in combination with a small nutrient removal plant, provides a reliable solution for small-scale decentralized water recovery operations. The system is automated and can operate outside the power grid and is designed to be a fully circular system in terms of both energy and water. The system has been installed on an island in the archipelago outside Stockholm, Sweden, to replace an old-fashioned septic tank. The effluent must satisfy rather strict effluent quality criteria for the Baltic Sea. The paper describes design considerations, instrumentation aspects, automation features, and operation experiences.
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