| 1. |
- Nilsson, Ola, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative studies on the expression of somatostatin receptor subtypes, outcome of octreotide scintigraphy and response to octreotide treatment in patients with carcinoid tumours.
- 1998
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Ingår i: British journal of cancer. - 0007-0920. ; 77:4, s. 632-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have compared the expression of somatostatin receptor (sstr) subtypes with the outcome of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and the effect of somatostatin receptor activation in patients with disseminated carcinoid tumours. Tumour tissues from nine patients with midgut carcinoids (ileal) and three patients with foregut carcinoids (gastric, thymic) were analysed using Northern blotting. Expression of somatostatin receptors was demonstrated in all tumours (12 out of 12), with all five receptor subtypes present in 9 out of 12 tumours. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy using [111In]DTPA-D-Phe1-octreotide visualized tumours in all patients (12 out of 12). The 111In activity concentrations in tumour tissue (T) and blood (B) were determined in three tumours 1-7 days after injection of the radionuclide. The T/B 111In activity concentration ratios ranged between 32 and 651. Clinically, treatment with the long-acting somatostatin analogue octreotide resulted in marked symptom relief accompanied by a significant reduction in tumour markers, for example urinary-5-HIAA levels (28-71% reduction). Incubation of midgut carcinoid tumours in primary culture with octreotide (10 microM) resulted in a reduction in spontaneously secreted serotonin (45-71% reduction) and 5-HIAA (41-94% reduction). The results demonstrate that carcinoid tumours possess multiple somatostatin receptor subtypes and that somatostatin analogues such as octreotide, which preferentially bind to somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and 5, can be used in the diagnosis and medical treatment of these tumours. In the future, novel somatostatin analogues with subtype specific receptor profiles may prove to be of value for individualizing the treatment of disseminated carcinoid tumour disease.
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| 2. |
- Anderson, H, et al.
(författare)
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Blood transfusion at delivery and risk of subsequent malignant lymphoma in the mother
- 1998
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Ingår i: Vox Sanguinis. - 0042-9007. ; 75:2, s. 145-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Blood transfusion has been shown to be a risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cohort of 77,928 women with bleeding complications at delivery in the period of 1973-1986, subsequent NHL cases were identified and the number was compared with the number expected from national incidence rates. In a case-control study the proportion of transfused NHL cases was compared with the proportion of transfused controls.RESULTS: The observed number of NHL in the cohort was 18 versus 22.0 expected. Information on transfusion was obtained for 15 of the NHL cases and none (0%) was transfused versus 32 out of 136 controls (23%).CONCLUSIONS: Blood transfusion at delivery is not a risk factor for NHL. The immune tolerance induced by pregnancy may reduce the risk of NHL associated with the transfusion of allogeneic blood cells.
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| 3. |
- Borg, Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Novel germline p16 mutation in familial malignant melanoma in southern Sweden
- 1996
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472. ; 56:11, s. 500-2497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The p16 (CDKN2/MTS1/INK4a) malignant melanoma susceptibility gene was analyzed in 10 melanoma kindreds from southern Sweden using single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis of all three exons and flanking intron regions followed by sequence analysis. A novel germline mutation, constituting an in-frame 3-bp duplication at nucleotide 332 in exon 2, was identified in two families (Lund M2 and M9). The mutation results in an insertion of Arg at codon 105, which interrupts the last of the four ankyrin repeats of the p16 protein, motifs which have been demonstrated as important in binding and inhibiting the activity of cyclin D-dependent kinases 4 and 6 in cell cycle G1 phase regulation. All five tested individuals of Lund M2 and M9 affected by melanoma were mutation carriers, as were five melanoma-free individuals. Other malignancies observed in gene carriers or obligate carriers included cervical, breast, and pancreatic carcinomas and a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Analysis of microsatellite markers adjacent to the p16 gene at chromosomal region 9p21 revealed that both families share a common haplotype, in keeping with a common ancestor.
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| 4. |
- Brandt, L, et al.
(författare)
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Blood transfusion as a risk factor for non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- 1996
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - 0007-0920. ; 73:9, s. 1148-1151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a case-control study of 280 out of 426 consecutive patients with a recent diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 1827 control subjects, 53 (19%) and 230 (13%) respectively had received blood transfusions 1 year or more before the interview. Using an age- and sex-stratified analysis the odds ratio (OR) for transfusion was 1.74 (95% CI 1.24-2.44). ORs were also determined for transfusions received in the intervals 1-5, 6-15, 16-25 and > or = 26 years before diagnosis. In the interval 6-15 years, the OR for transfusion was 2.83 (95% CI 1.60-4.99) whereas ORs for transfusions received in other intervals were lower and not significantly elevated. Histological diagnoses (Kiel classification) and results of staging procedures were known for 185 patients. For low-grade NHL of nodal B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) or immunocytoma type, the OR for transfusions was 4.15 (95% CI 1.92-9.01). For low-grade nodal lymphomas of follicle centre cell type and high-grade nodal lymphomas, no relation to transfusions could be demonstrated. For high-grade extranodal lymphoma as sole manifestation, OR for transfusions was 3.27 (95% CI 1.30-8.24). It is concluded that blood transfusion may be a risk factor for NHLs especially those of B-CLL or immunocytoma type and for high-grade extranodal lymphoma.
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| 5. |
- Bratt, O, et al.
(författare)
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CAG repeat length in the androgen receptor gene is related to age at diagnosis of prostate cancer and response to endocrine therapy, but not to prostate cancer risk
- 1999
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 81:4, s. 6-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The length of the polymorphic CAG repeat in the N-terminal of the androgen receptor (AR) gene is inversely correlated with the transactivation function of the AR. Some studies have indicated that short CAG repeats are related to higher risk of prostate cancer. We performed a case-control study to investigate relations between CAG repeat length and prostate cancer risk, tumour grade, tumour stage, age at diagnosis and response to endocrine therapy. The study included 190 AR alleles from prostate cancer patients and 186 AR alleles from female control subjects. All were whites from southern Sweden. The frequency distribution of CAG repeat length was strikingly similar for cases and controls, and no significant correlation between CAG repeat length and prostate cancer risk was detected. However, for men with non-hereditary prostate cancer (n = 160), shorter CAG repeats correlated with younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.03). There were also trends toward associations between short CAG repeats and high grade (P = 0.07) and high stage (P = 0.07) disease. Furthermore, we found that patients with long CAG repeats responded better to endocrine therapy, even after adjusting for pretreatment level of prostate-specific antigen and tumour grade and stage (P = 0.05). We conclude that short CAG repeats in the AR gene correlate with young age at diagnosis of prostate cancer, but not with higher risk of the disease. Selection of patients with early onset prostate cancer in case-control studies could therefore lead to an over-estimation of the risk of prostate cancer for men with short CAG repeats. An association between long CAG repeats and good response to endocrine therapy was also found, but the mechanism and clinical relevance are unclear.
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| 6. |
- Bratt, O, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical course of early onset prostate cancer with special reference to family history as a prognostic factor
- 1998
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Ingår i: European Urology. - 0302-2838. ; 34:1, s. 19-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of early onset prostate cancer, with special reference to family history as a possible prognostic factor.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We identified all cases of prostate cancer diagnosed before the age of 51 in the Southern health care region in Sweden between 1958 and 1994. Clinical data were collected retrospectively from medical records. Data about family history of prostate cancer were also collected from the parish authorities and the Regional Cancer Registry.RESULTS: In all, 89 cases were included. The median time of follow-up was 17 years. During the time of follow-up, 65 patients died, 57 of whom died from prostate cancer. At diagnosis, 34% of the patients had localized, 22% had locally advanced, and 40% had metastatic tumours. The tumours were well differentiated in 30% of the cases, moderately differentiated in 38%, and poorly differentiated in 28%. Information on tumour grade and stage was missing in 3 cases. The cause-specific survival was 48% at 5 years and 29% at 10 years. The 18 patients with a family history of prostate cancer had a somewhat better prognosis than the patients with a negative family history, though the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.08).CONCLUSIONS: Early onset prostate cancer is a serious disease with high mortality. The proportions of patients with poorly differentiated and metastatic tumours appeared to be larger than for cases diagnosed later in life, but this could be explained by selection bias since younger men may have a lower probability of having asymptomatic localized tumours diagnosed. Family history of prostate cancer was not significantly associated with prognosis.
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| 7. |
- Bratt, O, et al.
(författare)
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Familial and hereditary prostate cancer in southern Sweden. A population-based case-control study
- 1999
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049. ; 35:2, s. 7-272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of family history on prostate cancer risk, to estimate the incidence of hereditary prostate cancer in southern Sweden and to assess the reliability of self-reported family history of prostate cancer. The study included consecutive prostate cancer patients and age-matched control subjects from a geographically defined population. The controls consisted of 1 male patient with malignant melanoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 1 male from the community per prostate cancer case. Family history was assessed with questionnaires, and diagnoses of fathers and brothers of cases were validated by the Southern Swedish Regional Tumour Registry. Among fathers and brothers whose names and birth dates were available, 56 (92%) of the 61 reported prostate cancer diagnoses were verified. Fifteen per cent of 356 cases and 5.0% of 712 controls reported at least 1 case of prostate cancer among their brothers or fathers, giving a relative risk of 3.2 (95% confidence interval 2.1-5.1). The relative risk increased with decreasing age at diagnosis of the patient. Based on the pedigree, 3.1% of the 356 patients were classified as having hereditary prostate cancer. This proportion was significantly higher among patients diagnosed before the age of 60 years (7.1%) than among older patients (2.2%). We conclude that there is a substantially increased risk of prostate cancer for sons and brothers of prostate cancer patients. The risk increases with decreasing age at diagnosis of the patient as an effect of a higher prevalence of hereditary prostate among early onset cases. Furthermore, we found self-reported family history of prostate cancer to be a valid estimate of the true incidence of prostate cancer in fathers and brothers of men with prostate cancer.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Bratt, O, et al.
(författare)
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Sons of men with prostate cancer : their attitudes regarding possible inheritance of prostate cancer, screening, and genetic testing
- 1997
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Ingår i: Urology. - 0090-4295. ; 50:3, s. 5-360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study attitudes regarding possible inheritance of prostate cancer among sons of men with prostate cancer.METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 69 men with prostate cancer and their 101 unaffected sons. All participants were also interviewed by telephone. Sociodemographic data were collected, as were data about the fathers' disease.RESULTS: The response rate was high; 100 sons (99%) and 65 fathers (94%) answered all questions. Sixty of the sons claimed they had worries about having an increased risk of prostate cancer due to possible inheritance. About 90% of the sons wanted to know whether prostate cancer was inheritable (66 definitely and 24 probably), were positively inclined to undergo screening (65 definitely and 27 probably), and to undergo genetic testing (50 definitely and 41 probably), provided there had been multiple cases of prostate cancer in their family. An interest to know whether prostate cancer could be inherited was more frequent among sons with less than 12 years of education, worries about inheritance, younger age, a father treated with curative intent, and with children of their own, especially if sons. Interest in genetic testing was associated with less than 12 years of education and with worries about inheritance.CONCLUSIONS: A large majority of healthy men with a family history of prostate cancer were interested in knowing whether the disease could be inherited and were positively inclined to undergo screening and genetic testing. Our findings indicate that genetic counseling and a screening program could have beneficial psychological effects in families with multiple cases of prostate cancer.
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| 10. |
- Bratt, O, et al.
(författare)
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The risk of malignant tumours in first-degree relatives of men with early onset prostate cancer : a population-based cohort study
- 1997
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - 0959-8049. ; 33:13, s. 2237-2240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have indicated that hereditary prostate cancer is common among men with early onset prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of malignant tumours in first-degree relatives of men with early onset prostate cancer. All prostate cancer cases diagnosed before the age of 51 years from 1958 to 1994 were identified in the population-based Swedish Cancer Register. The first-degree relatives of clinical cases were identified through parish data. Their vital status and cancer incidence were studied in the Swedish Cancer Register, the Cause of Death Register and the Census Register. The expected incidence of malignant tumours for the first-degree relatives were calculated using regional cancer register data. Cause-specific standardised incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The study included 423 first-degree relatives of 89 men with clinical prostate cancer. The first-degree relatives' SIR for malignant tumours was 0.99 (95% CI 0.78-1.23). The SIR for prostate cancer diagnosed at any age was 1.43 (95% CI 0.82-2.33), and 3.37 for first-degree relatives diagnosed before the age of 70 years (95% CI 1.36-6.94). There was no significantly increased risk of any non-prostatic malignant tumour. Only in five of the families did the pedigree show a pattern of hereditary prostate cancer. The first-degree relatives of men with early onset prostate cancer had more than a 3-fold increase in the risk of developing prostate cancer before the age of 70 years, but their total cancer risk was not increased. This study does not support the assumption that dominantly inherited susceptibility is a major cause of early onset prostate cancer.
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