| 1. |
- Anderson, Leif G., et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of the Siberian tundra on the environment of the shelf seas and the Arctic Ocean
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447. ; 28:3, s. 270-280
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Tundra Ecology -94 expedition investigated inflow of inorganic and organic carbon to the shelf seas by river runoff, and its transformation by biochemical processes in seawater and sediment. In addition, anthropogenic radionuclides, 137Cs, 90Sr, and 239,240Pu, were studied in water and sediments. The distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon indicates that the majority of the Ob and Yenisey discharges flow into the Laptev Sea before entering the central Arctic Ocean. The sediment study shows that there is a marked difference in benthic oxygen uptake, efflux of dissolved inorganic carbon and nutrients between localities. 137Cs activity from the Chernobyl accident is 30% in the Barents, Kara, and Laptev Seas. 137Cs increased from 5-8 Bq m-3 in Barents Sea, 5-13 Bq m-3 in the Kara Sea to 8-15 Bq m-3 in the Laptev Sea, but with locally low concentrations at the river mouths. Corresponding values for 90Sr were 2.5, 3, and 4 Bq m-3, respectively.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Lindström, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
-
A model for quality assessment in primary health care using the tracer condition technique with insulin treated diabetes as one of the tracers
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 15:2, s. 92-96
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-To find a method for quality assessment in primary health care and to apply this method on a defined disease.Design-General practitioners and hospital doctors worked out a programme for evaluating the quality of outpatient care of patients with insulin treated diabetes as one of five tracers. An expert committee comprising experienced general practitioners and hospital doctors compared two health centres with one outpatient medical department Data were collected during a defined period combined with a one-year retrospective view, official statistics on medical care, and a questionnaire completed by the patients.Setting-Two primary health care centres and one outpatient medical department in southwestern Sweden.Patients-243 insulin treated diabetic patients attending the hospital and 87 insulin treated patients attending the health centres.Main results-There were no difficulties for the expert panel to agree on which indicators were to be studied. The expert panel concluded that there was no difference between the quality of the two levels of care studied.Conclusions-Medical audit was a useful method for evaluating medical quality. Co-operation between hospital doctors and general practitioners was of great value for evaluation of the quality of primary health care.
|
|
| 4. |
- Lundholm, Carl, et al.
(författare)
-
A randomized prospective study comparing long-term intravesical instillations of mitomycin-c and BCG in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 0022-5347 .- 1527-3792. ; 156:2, s. 372-376
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: We compared the efficacy and toxicity of long-term mitomycin C versus bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation in patients at high risk for recurrence and progression of superficial bladder carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our randomized comparison study included 261 patients with primary dysplasia, or stage Tis, stage T1, grade 3 and multiple recurrent stage Ta/T1, grade 1 or 2 disease. Mitomycin C (40 mg.) or Pasteur strain BCG (120 mg.) was instilled weekly for 6 weeks, then monthly for up to 1 year and every 3 months during year 2. RESULTS: After a median followup of 39 months 49% of the patients given BCG and 34% given mitomycin C were disease-free (p < 0.03), compared to 48 and 35%, respectively, of those with stage Ta or T1 disease, and 54 and 33%, respectively, of those with dysplasia or stage Tis tumor. Tumor progressed in 13% of patients, with no statistically significant difference observed regarding progression between the mitomycin C and BCG groups. Side effects were more common after BCG instillation, with 5 cases of severe side effects compared to 1 in the mitomycin C group. Treatment was stopped due to toxicity in 10% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients tolerated long-term intravesical therapy well. BCG instillation was hampered by more frequent side effects. BCG was superior regarding recurrence prophylaxis, since patients given BCG had fewer recurrences and a significantly longer time to treatment failure compared to those treated with mitomycin C. No statistically significant difference was observed regarding progression.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Olsson, Olof, et al.
(författare)
-
Post-fledging migration of common murres Uria aalge in the Baltic Sea : management implications
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Ecography. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0906-7590 .- 1600-0587. ; 22:3, s. 233-239
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study of common murre Uria aalge chicks, at Slora Karlsö in the Baltic Sea (Sweden), we used two data sets to investigate the post-fledging migration to learn more on potential threats from human activities. Firstly, we radio tracked 12 chicks on average 5.1 h during their first night at sea, after jumping from the breeding cliffs in early July. Their average speed was 1,9 km h-’and all chicks swam in a similar direction (SW) with a mean bearing of 235°. By searching an area of ca 400 km2 further off the island between two and six days after the radio tracking, we concluded that they did not stop, even temporarily, within 40 km off the island, but had continued the swimming migration. Our second data set was made up by 400 recoveries of ringed chicks. Only those recovered within eight months after fledging (until February) were included. Two birds recovered at the Polish coast in the beginning of August had moved on average 10.7 and 12.3 km day-’(i.e. 0.45-0.51 km h-). In August, all chicks, except one, were found south of Gotland > 70 km away. The average distance to the recovery sites in. August was 253.5 km (n = 11). The pattern of distribution of birds reported in September. October and during the winter period from November to February was about the same as in August. The average direction from the colony lo the recovery sites was S to SW. Important findings from nature management perspective are: 1) our data suggest that the route of the chicks at least partly coincide with ship routes with at least 42000 passages each year. Hence, there is a potential for a great part of the common murre population to get in contact with oil spillage at this stage, notably in the first half of July. 2) From the 400 reported recoveries of ringed chicks we concluded that the most important over wintering areas are around Bornholm and the Bay of Gdansk. Hence, these are the most likely areas for conflicts with the fishery and oil spillage during the winter.
|
|
| 7. |
- Söderqvist, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
-
Metabolism of estrone sulfate by normal breast tissue : Influence of menopausal status and oral contraceptives
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-0760. ; 48:2-3, s. 221-224
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The metabolism of [ 3 H]estrone sulfate ([ 3 H]E 1 S) was studied in normal breast tissue from 10 premenopausal women without oral contraceptives (OC), in 12 OC users and in 9 untreated postmenopausal women. [ 3 H]E 1 S was converted into estrone ([ 3 H]E 1 ) and estradiol-17β ([ 3 H]E 2 ) by tissue samples from all three groups of women, with only minor formation of other unconjugated compounds. The rate of [ 3 H]E 2 formation was significantly higher in premenopausal women without OC than in postmenopausal women. Among premenopausal women, OC users had a significantly lower rate of total hydrolysis and of [ 3 H]E 1 formation than non-users. The rate of total hydrolysis of [ 3 H]E 1 S in normal breast tissue from all three groups of women was similar to that in muscle, but the rate of [ 3 H]E 2 formation was ten times higher. Both total hydrolysis rate and rate of [ 3 H]E 2 formation were significantly lower in normal breast tissue than in breast carcinoma and in normal and neoplastic endometrium. The specific ability of normal breast tissue to convert E 1 S into the terminal biologically active estrogen E 2 may be important for estrogenic stimulation of the breast in subjects with low circulating E 2 levels. The lower rate of E 1 formation in OC users may reflect an inhibitory effect of the progestagen compound in such preparations.
|
|
| 8. |
- Åström, Monica, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
-
Different linkage of depression to hypercortisolism early versus late after stroke : A 3-year longitudinal study
- 1993
-
Ingår i: Stroke. - : American Heart Association. - 0039-2499 .- 1524-4628. ; 24:1, s. 52-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the dexamethasone suppression test, we studied the suppressibility of the cortisol axis and its clinical determinants at various time points after stroke. A major aim was to examine the dexamethasone test as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of major depression in stroke patients.The dexamethasone suppression test, major depression, functional ability, and disorientation were assessed in a cohort of 70 patients with acute stroke and after 3 months (n = 63) and 3 years (n = 43).Early after stroke, 24% of the patients were nonsuppressors, with about the same proportion at 3 months (22%) and 3 years (21%). None of the controls (17 healthy elderly volunteers) were nonsuppressors. High cortisol levels early after stroke were significantly associated with functional impairment (r = 0.35; p = 0.003) and disorientation (r = 0.27; p = 0.03). Three years after stroke, high postdexamethasone cortisol levels were significantly associated with major depression (r = 0.57; p < 0.001). The sensitivity of the dexamethasone test was 70% and the specificity 97%. In a longitudinal analysis of the long-term survivors (n = 42), postdexamethasone cortisol values at 3 months predicted major depression at 3 years.Hypercortisolism is associated with major depression late (3 years) but not early (0-3 months) after stroke. Patients with hypercortisolism 3 months after stroke are at risk of major depression later in the course and warrant careful follow-up from a psychiatric viewpoint.
|
|
