| 1. |
- Borel, Cédric, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Oxalate- and Squarate-Biimidazole Supramolecular Synthons: Hydrogen-Bonded Networks Based on Co(H(2)biimidazole)(3) (3+)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Crystal Growth & Design. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1528-7505 .- 1528-7483. ; 9:6, s. 2821-2827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The utility of R-2(2)(9) biimidazole-carboxylate, R-2(2)(10) biimidazole-oxalate/squarate and R-2(2) (9) biimidazole-(tris-oxalate) synthons is considered for crystal engineering of hydrogen-bonded networks based on [Co-III(H(2)biim)(3)](3+) cations (H(2)biim = 2,2-biimidazole) and oxalate, squarate or [M-III(C2O4)(3-) anions. Syntheses and crystal structures are described for [Co-III(H(2)biim)(3)](3-) [M-III(C2O4)(3)]center dot 2H(2)O (M = Cr, 1; M = Co, 2), [Co-III(H(2)biim)(3)](HC4O4)(3)center dot 2H(2)O, 3, and [Co-III(H(2)biim)(3)](C2O4)Cl center dot 5.5H(2)O, 4. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural and comprise [Co(H(2)biim)(3)](3+) cations bridged by [M(oxalate)(3)](3-) anions in two directions and water molecules in the third direction to give a 3D H-bonded network. Both outer and inner 0 atoms of the coordinated oxalate ions act as H-bond acceptors, forming motifs closely related to the anticipated R-2(2)(9) biimidazole-(tris-oxalate) synthon. Compound 3 contains a more complex H-bond pattern in 3D, built from the intended R-2(2)(10) biimidazole-squarate synthon and additional H-bonds between protonated squarate molecules and water molecules. The structure of compound 4 (obtained with synchrotron radiation) contains layers in which stacked pairs of oxalate anions bridge between [Co-III(H(2)biim)(3)](3+) cations to form a dense 2D kgd-net, separated by layers of disordered chloride anions and H-bonded water molecules.
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| 2. |
- Börjesson, J., et al.
(författare)
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A method for in-situ electrical measurements of thin film heterostructures using TEM and SEM
- 2008
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Ingår i: EMC 2008 14th European Microscopy Congress 1–5 September 2008, Aachen, Germany 2008. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783540852254 - 9783540852261 ; , s. 297-298
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for in-situ measurements of electrical properties of thin film heterostructures using TEM and SEM has been developed. This method allows measurements of the conductance in a thin film heterostructure in a direction along the film planes in thin TEM foils. The advantage is that the properties can be directly correlated to the local atomic structure. The specimens are cross section TEM samples prepared with standard grinding, polishing and ion beam milling techniques
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eastham, D. A., et al.
(författare)
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Construction of a new type of low-energy, scanning electron microscope with atomic resolution
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - Monterey : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9780819476548 ; 7378, s. 73781S-73781S
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a new type of scanning electron microscope which works by directly imaging the electron field-emission sites on a nanotip. Electrons are extracted from the nanotip through a nanoscale aperture, accelerated in a high electric field and focussed to a spot using a microscale einzel lens. If the whole microscope (accelerating section and lens) and the focal length are both restricted in size to below 10 microns, then computer simulations show that the effects of aberration are extremely small and it is possible to have a system with approximately unit magnification, at electron energies as low as 300 eV. Thus a typical emission site of 1 nm diameter will produce an image of the same size and an atomic emission site with give a resolution of 0.1-0.2 nm (1-2 Å), and because the beam is not allowed to expand beyond 100nm in diameter the depth of field is large and the contribution to the beam spot size from chromatic aberrations is less than 0.02 nm (0.2 Å) for 500 eV electrons. Since it is now entirely possible to make stable atomic sized emitters (nanopyramids) it is expected that this instrument will have atomic resolution. Furthermore the brightness of the beam is determined only by the field-emission and can be up to a million times larger than in a typical (high-energy) electron microscope. The construction of this microscope, based on using a nanotip electron source which is mounted on a nanopositioner so that it can be positioned at the correct point adjacent to the microscope, entrance aperture, is described. In this geometry the scanning is achieved by moving the sample using piezos. Two methods for the construction of the microscope column are reviewed and the results of preliminary tests are described. The advantages of this low energy, bright-beam, electron microscope with atomic resolution are described. It can be used in either scanning mode or diffraction mode. The major advantage over existing microscopes is that because it works at very low energies the elastic backscatteri g is sensitive to the atomic species and so these can be identified directly without any energy discrimination on the detector. Furthermore it is also possible to use the microscope to do low energy electron diffraction which, because the scattering cross-section is large, can be carried out on single molecules. If these are biological samples such as DNA, proteins and viruses then the low energy means that the radiation damage is minimised. Some possibilities for mounting these samples, which can reduce radiation damage, are discussed. Finally we show a system for producing holograms of single protein molecules.
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| 6. |
- Isaksson, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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From consultation to deliberation? Tracing deliberative norms in EIA frameworks in Swedish roads planning
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 29:5, s. 295-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of an analysis of deliberative norms in the framework for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in roads planning in Sweden. The more specific question is how this framework has responded to the shift towards more deliberative approaches to planning and decision making, advocated in planning theory and policy literature over the last decade. The analysis, which compares the current framework and guidance with an earlier iteration, identifies a shift towards deliberation; deliberative norms are present, and even dominate recent guidance. However, an instrumental norm permeates both the former and the current guidance, suggesting that even as a language of consultation is replaced by one of deliberation, the intention remains to secure and legitimise a smooth development pathway. Evidence from interviews with professionals working in the Swedish EIA system highlights the difficulties of navigating these uncertainties in practice. By opening up critical analysis of deliberative norms as they shape the conditions for practice, this study contributes to the continuous development of planning practice, by supporting a more normatively reflexive approach to framework-design.
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| 7. |
- Lindgren, Christofer, et al.
(författare)
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Förfarande och anordning vid kontinuerlig kokning av kemisk cellulosamassa : Method and device for the continuous cooking of pulp
- 2005
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The invention concerns an arrangement and a method for the continuous cooking of chemical cellulose pulp in a continuous digester system (100). The continuous digester system (100) comprises an inlet (102) for the feed of a chips suspension and an outlet (103) for the output of a cooked suspension of pulp. The suspension of chips is fed in to the inlet through a line (105) at the beginning of the cook, where the chips suspension has a volume of starting cooking fluid that establishes a fluid/wood ratio that is greater than 3.5. The invention is characterised in that a final cooking fluid is present during the cook for the major part of the cook and is withdrawn through a withdrawal strainer (106) only during the final 15 minutes of the cook. The final cooking fluid ensures a fluid/wood ratio that is greater than 3.5 in association with the withdrawal. The withdrawn final cooking fluid during the final 15 minutes of the cook consists of spent black liquor, which maintains a residual alkali level that lies under 15 g/l.
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| 8. |
- Olsson, Anne-Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Grisproduktion kräver helhetssyn
- 2009
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Ingår i: Helsingborgs dagblad. - 1103-9388.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 9. |
- Olsson, Krister, 1961-
(författare)
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Citizen Input in Urban Heritage Management and planning : A quantitative approach to citizen participation
- 2008
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Ingår i: Town planning review. - : Liverpool University Press. - 0041-0020 .- 1478-341X. ; 79:4, s. 371-394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article discusses why and how to take local citizens, and their values, into account in urban heritage management and planning. It includes an analysis of the relation between a traditional instrumental rational view on planning and a communicative planning ideal. With a starting point in economic theory, urban heritage is analysed as an infrastructure and a public good. Mail surveys directed to inhabitants in two Swedish municipalities further illustrate how urban heritage can be discussed as a public good, and what implications that has for involving citizens in heritage management and planning. Citizen participation as traditionally conceived includes active citizens taking part in a direct way in planning discussions, i.e. by means of qualitative approaches. However, direct participation is especially difficult to accomplish concerning public goods and infrastructures. The article concludes that there are good reasons to increase and develop citizens' input in heritage management, and that the public good characteristics of urban heritage beg for quantitative analysis. Thus, a quantitative approach to citizen participation has the potential to complement qualitative ways of involving citizens in planning.
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| 10. |
- Olsson, Krister, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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City Marketing : the role of the citizens
- 2009
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Ingår i: Place Reinventions. - Farnham, Surrey : Ashgate. - 9780754674757 ; , s. 127-144
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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