| 1. |
- Landin-Olsson, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Immunoreactive trypsin(Ogen) in the sera of children with recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes and matched controls
- 1990
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Ingår i: Pancreas. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0885-3177. ; 5:3, s. 241-247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To evaluate the exocrine pancreatic function at the time of diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we determined immunoreactive an-odal and cathodal trypsin(ogen) levels in sera from almost all children (n = 375) 0-14 years of age in Sweden in whom diabetes developed during 1 year, and in sex-, age-, and geographically matched control subjects (n = 312). The median level of anodal trypsin(ogen) was 5 (quartile range, 3-7) µg/L in children with newly diagnosed diabetes, compared with a median level of 7 (quartile range, 4-8) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). Similarly, the median level of cathodal trypsin(ogen) was 8 (quartile range, 4-10) µg/L in children with diabetes, compared with a median level of 11 (quartile range, 7-15) µg/L in control subjects (p < 0.0001). The median of the individual ratios between cathodal and anodal trypsin(ogen) was 1.4 in the diabetic patients and 1.7 in the control children (p < 0.001). In a multivariate test, however, only the decrease in cathodal trypsin(ogen) concentration was associated with diabetes. The levels of trypsin(ogen)s did not correlate with levels of islet cell antibodies, present in 81% of the diabetic children. Several mechanisms may explain our findings, for example, similar pathogenetic factors may affect both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas simultaneously, a failing local trophic stimulation by insulin on the exocrine cells may decrease the trypsinogen production, and there may be an increased elimination of trypsin(ogen) because of higher filtration through the kidneys in the hyperglycemic state.
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| 2. |
- Babiker-Mohamed, H, et al.
(författare)
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Alpha 1-microglobulin is mitogenic to human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Regulation by both enhancing and suppressive serum factors
- 1990
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Ingår i: Immunobiology. - 1878-3279. ; 180:2-3, s. 221-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-m), a 26 kilodalton serum glycoprotein, was found to exert mitogenic effects on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in serum-free medium. Purified T cells, but not B cells, responded with proliferation to alpha 1-m, but only in the presence of monocytes. The mitogenic activity could be partially neutralized by a mouse monoclonal antibody against alpha 1-m. The mitogenicity was species-specific, since alpha 1-m homologues from rats, guinea pigs and rabbits had no effect on human PBL. In a previous study, no effect of alpha 1-m was seen on PBL in the presence of 20% serum, and, therefore, we studied the influence of different concentrations of serum on the alpha 1-m-induced mitogenicity. Thus, human serum enhanced the mitogenic effects of alpha 1-m on human PBL at 1% concentration (v/v) and suppressed the effects at 10%. The suppressing effect of serum at 10%, but not the enhancing effect at 1%, seemed to be conserved among several species. To test the effect of serum proteins of different molecular sizes, human autologous serum was separated by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200 into four fractions. Fractions 1 and 2 (roughly containing proteins larger than 100 kilodaltons) suppressed the mitogenic effects of alpha 1-m, while fractions 3 and 4 enhanced the stimulation by alpha 1-m, at 0.5% and concentrations above. It is concluded that the mitogenic effect of alpha 1-m on lymphocytes is regulated by several serum factors, both enhancing and suppressive, that does not have any proliferative effect of their own. It can be speculated that the balance between enhancing and suppressing co-factors in the blood determines the degree of the stimulation of lymphocytes by alpha 1-m. This is compatible with an immunomodulatory role for alpha 1-m, in spite of its relatively constant plasma levels in health and disease.
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| 3. |
- Babiker-Mohamed, H, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of monoclonal anti-alpha 1-microglobulin antibodies : binding strength, binding sites, and inhibition of lymphocyte stimulation
- 1991
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 1365-3083 .- 0300-9475. ; 34:5, s. 655-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eleven monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) directed against the immunoregulatory plasma glycoprotein alpha 1-microglobulin were characterized. The MoAb were produced in mice immunized with a mixture of alpha 1-microglobulin homologues from man, guinea pig, rat and rabbit. Using radioimmunoassay, western blotting, affinity chromatography, and Scatchard analysis, the affinities and binding sites of the MoAb were analysed. All antibodies were more or less cross-reactive, but most showed a major specificity for one or two of the alpha 1-microglobulin homologues. None of the antibodies was directed against the carbohydrate moiety of alpha 1-microglobulin. Six of the MoAb had high affinity for the antigen and four of these were directed towards the same part of the molecule though differing in their species specificity. Five showed lower affinity for the antigen and were mainly directed towards epitopes on other parts of the molecule. Only some of the antibodies could block the proliferation of lymphocytes induced by human alpha 1-microglobulin. The blocking efficiency of the different antibodies was similar when tested on the stimulation of human or mouse lymphocytes, suggesting that the same part of the alpha 1-microglobulin molecule is responsible in both species. The magnitude of blocking by the different MoAb was not related to their affinities, emphasizing the importance of where on the alpha 1-microglobulin molecule, rather than how strongly, they bind. The binding of the strongest blocking antibody was shown to be directed to a C-terminal peptide of rat alpha 1-microglobulin, indicating that this part of alpha 1-microglobulin is important for the mitogenic effects. Thus the panel of anti-alpha 1-microglobulin MoAb should be a valuable tool for structural and functional studies of alpha 1-microglobulin.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Landin-Olsson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Islet cell and thyrogastric antibodies in 633 consecutive 15- to 34-yr-old patients in the diabetes incidence study in Sweden
- 1992
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 41:8, s. 1022-1027
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of age on ICA and thyrogastric antibodies at diagnosis of IDDM was evaluated in 633 consecutively diagnosed Swedish diabetic patients aged 15-34 yr and in 282 volunteers of the same age. ICAs were present in 61% (383 of 633) of the patients and in 2% (5 of 282) of control subjects. When the initial classification was considered, ICAs were detected in 69% (327 of 473) of patients with IDDM, 23% (19 of 83) of those with NIDDM, 50% (36 of 72) of those with unclassifiable diabetes, and 20% (1 of 5) of those with secondary diabetes. The frequency of ICA fell significantly (P < 0.001) with age in IDDM patients from 77% (104/135) in those 15-19 yr old to 52% (50 of 96) in 30- to 34-yr-old IDDM patients. The low frequency of ICA in 30- to 34-yr-old IDDM patients was confined to men (42%, 28 of 66). The frequency of gastric (H+, K+-ATPase) antibodies was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in IDDM patients (10%, 47 of 449) than in patients with NIDDM (3%, 3 of 80) and unclassifiable diabetes (4%, 3 of 72). In conclusion, the frequency of ICA at the diagnosis of IDDM in young adult subjects decreases with increasing age, particularly in men. The frequent finding of ICA in patients considered to have NIDDM or unclassifiable diabetes indicates that misclassification of diabetes is frequent in young adult patients recently diagnosed with diabetes.
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| 6. |
- Landin-Olsson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive value of islet cell and insulin autoantibodies for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in a population-based study of newly-diagnosed diabetic and matched control children
- 1992
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - 0012-186X. ; 35:11, s. 73-1068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most studies evaluating immune markers for prediction of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus have focused on first degree relatives, although only 10% of newly-diagnosed patients have an affected first degree relative. The Swedish Childhood Diabetes Register identifies 99% of all diabetic children at diagnosis. In this population-based study, islet cell antibodies and insulin autoantibodies in 0-14-year-old Swedish consecutively-diagnosed patients and control subjects were analysed to define their sensitivity and specificity. Over 16 months (1986-1987), 515 Swedish children developed diabetes. Plasma samples were obtained from 494 (96%) patients, and 420 matched control children. Among patients, the frequency of islet cell antibodies was 84% (415 of 494), insulin autoantibodies 43% (145 of 334); 40% (135 of 334) were positive for both and 88% (294 of 334) were positive for one or both. Among control children, 3% (14 of 420) had islet cell antibodies, 1% (4 of 390) insulin autoantibodies, and 4% (16 of 390) had either autoantibody marker. The predictive value of finding a patient with the disease was only 7% since 4% of the control children were antibody-positive and the cumulative incidence rate up to 15 years of age is 0.38%. None of the autoantibody-positive (n = 21) or negative control children developed diabetes during 3 to 5 years of follow-up. Longitudinal investigations of islet cell or insulin-autoantibody-positive healthy children are necessary to accurately determine the conversion rate from marker positivity to disease onset.
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| 7. |
- Olsson, L E, et al.
(författare)
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Tomographic scintigraphy using a pinhole collimator and a rotating gamma camera
- 1990
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Ingår i: Nuklearmedizin. - 0029-5566. ; 29:2, s. 47-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When a pinhole collimator is to be used for tomographic studies the standard SPECT software has to be modified so as to avoid serious image distortion outside the axis of rotation. The MTF measured at the axis of rotation shows that the better resolution of the pinhole collimator as compared with that of a parallel-hole collimator improves the tomographic image. The low sensitivity of the pinhole collimator excludes the use of an aperture smaller than 6 mm for patient tomographic studies where the activity which may be administered is restricted.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- ANDERSSON, CBM, et al.
(författare)
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CORE-LEVEL PHOTOEMISSION FROM (III)-TYPE INAS SURFACES
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal de Physique IV. - : EDP Sciences. - 1155-4339 .- 1764-7177. ; 4:C9, s. 209-212
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The InAs(111)2x2 and InAs(($$$) over bar 111)1x1 surfaces have been studied with high resolution core level spectroscopy. For the InAs(($$$) over bar 111)1x1 surface both the In 4d and the As 3d core levels display strong surface core level shifts, while for the InAs(111)2x2 surface only the In 4d level shows a detectable surface shift. The results indicate that the InAs(($$$) over bar 111)1x1 surface is relaxed, with atom layer displacement extending to subsurface layers. Unexpectedly, we find no surface shifted anion core level for the InAs(111)2x2 surface.
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| 10. |
- ANDERSSON, CBM, et al.
(författare)
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SPUTTERED AND ANNEALED INAS(111)OVER-BAR - AN UNRECONSTRUCTED SURFACE
- 1994
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Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 307, s. 885-889
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure of the InAs(111BAR)1 X 1 surface has been investigated by angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy along the symmetry lines GAMMAKBAR, GAMMAMBAR, and GAMMAMBAR of the surface Brillouin zone. The bulk valence band structure was calculated using a combination of the linear augmented plane-wave method and the relativistic augmented plane-wave method. We have projected the theoretical bulk band structure onto the surface Brillouin zone to separate surface states from surface resonances. Two surface related structures, S1 and S2, have been observed and their E(i)(k(parallel-to)) dispersions are established. Both S1 and S2 show the symmetry of the 1 X 1 surface Brillouin zone, which is consistent with the observed 1 X 1 LEED pattern. We identify S1 as the As-derived dangling bond state, and S2 is associated with the backbonds connecting the As atoms in the surface layer with the underlying In layer.
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