| 1. |
- Andersson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Ambio fit for the 2020s
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Nature. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 51:5, s. 1091-1093
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Dunjana, Nothando, et al.
(författare)
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Inclusive sorghum value chain development: A key driver for smallholder farmer adaptation to climate change, livelihoods and food security
- 2023
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Ingår i: CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE: Evidence-based Case Studies in South Africa. - : Department: Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. ; , s. 62-66
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Agricultural production plays a strategic role in ensuring food security, income and employment for rural households across developing countries. Smallholder farming systems are complex, and efforts to transform them are undermined by climate change induced shocks as well as long-term changes. We employed a multi stakeholder approach to develop an inclusive sorghum value chain for effective transition towards more diversified, resilient and climate smart crop production in Nongoma and Clau Clau villages, in KwaZulu Natal and Mpumalanga provinces, South Africa. The coming on board of various stakeholders providing diverse support and services to the smallholder farming cooperatives helped to upscale sorghum production from the experimental trials, establish links with markets, train and capacitate the farmers in key aspects of project and business management. Consequently, the smallholder farmers are more equipped to adapt to climate change in terms of knowledge and skill sets, while livelihoods and food security are enhanced through crop diversification. We conclude that smallholder farmer support should go beyond basic research and extension, and multi-stakeholder and inclusive value chain development should be at the centre of efforts to build smallholder resilience to climate change.
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| 3. |
- Karlson, Martin, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the landscape scale influences of tree cover on crop yield in an agroforestry parkland using satellite data and spatial statistics
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Arid Environments. - : Elsevier. - 0140-1963 .- 1095-922X. ; 218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trees in agroforestry parklands influence crops both through competitive and facilitative mechanism, but the effects are challenging to disentangle due to the complexity of the system with high variability in tree cover structure and species diversity and crop combinations. Focusing on a landscape in central Burkina Faso domi- nated by Vitellaria paradoxa and Parkia biglobosa, this paper examines how tree cover influences crop yield at landscape scale using satellite data and spatial statistics. Our analysis is based on data from 2017 to 2018 with differences in rainfall to assess the stability in identified relationships. Our findings showed that tree canopy cover and tree density inside the fields tended to decrease crop yield because of competition, but also that these variables when considering the surrounding landscape exerted an opposite effect because of their buffering ef- fects. The explanatory variables representing soil properties did have limited effects on crop yield in this study. These patterns were consistent during the two years of monitoring. Overall, our results suggest that farmers in this area might manage the tree cover in a way that optimizes sustainable yields as canopy cover and tree density in most parklands is below the limits identified here where competition outweight the facilitative effects.
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| 4. |
- Karlson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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The Potential of Sentinel-2 for Crop Production Estimation in a Smallholder Agroforestry Landscape, Burkina Faso
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Environmental Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-665X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crop production statistics at the field scale are scarce in African countries, limiting potential research on yield gaps as well as monitoring related to food security. This paper examines the potential of using Sentinel-2 time series data to derive spatially explicit estimates of crop production in an agroforestry parkland in central Burkina Faso. This type of landscape is characterized by agricultural fields where cereals (millet and sorghum) and legumes (cowpea) are intercropped under a relatively dense tree canopy. We measured total above ground biomass (AGB) and grain yield in 22 field plots at the end of two growing seasons (2017 and 2018) that differed in rainfall timing and amount. Linear regression models were developed using the in situ crop production estimates and temporal metrics derived from Sentinel-2 time series. We studied several important aspects of satellite-based crop production estimation, including (i) choice of vegetation indices, (ii) effectiveness of different time periods for image acquisition and temporal metrics, (iii) consistency of the method between years, and (iv) influence of intercropping and trees on accuracy of the estimates. Our results show that Sentinel-2 data were able to explain between 41 and 80% of the variation in the in situ crop production measurements, with relative root mean square error for AGB estimates ranging between 31 and 63% in 2017 and 2018, respectively, depending on temporal metric used as estimator. Neither intercropping of cereals and legumes nor tree canopy cover appeared to influence the relationship between the satellite-derived estimators and crop production. However, inter-annual rainfall variations in 2017 and 2018 resulted in different ratios of AGB to grain yield, and additionally, the most effective temporal metric for estimating crop production differed between years. Overall, this study demonstrates that Sentinel-2 data can be an important resource for upscaling field measurements of crop production in this agroforestry system in Burkina Faso. The results may be applicable in other areas with similar agricultural systems and increase the availability of crop production statistics.
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| 5. |
- Knutsson, Per, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A Process-Oriented Sustainable Livelihoods Approach-A Tool For Increased Understanding of Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1381-2386 .- 1573-1596. ; 28:SUPPL 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) is often proposed to holistically capture vulnerability in assessments of livelihoods in aid and development programs. The full capacity of the approach has however only rarely been used in these assessments, lacking a clear account of processes of change and flexibility of assets, as well as the ability to quantify all capital assets of a livelihood system. The descriptions of livelihoods so far are in fact non-holistic. This paper attempts to use SLA in its full capacity through a quantification of the different capitals covered; natural, physical, economic, social and human. Further, the relationships between capitals are explored in a Chinese rural context of changing climate and land-use, and examples are given on how investments in one capital in reality can end up being accounted for in other capitals. The results indicate that through an analytical and process-oriented SLA, an effective tool for assessment of vulnerability can be developed. Such a tool would assist development organizations and policy-makers to target poverty traps and escape routes in the face of rapid and multiple changes.
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| 6. |
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Multifunctional Land Uses in Africa Sustainable Food Security Solutions
- 2020
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book presents contemporary case studies of land use, management practices, and innovation in Africa with a view to exploring how multifunctional land uses can alleviate food insecurity and poverty. Food security and livelihoods in Africa face multiple challenges in the form of feeding a growing population on declining land areas under the impacts of climate change. The overall question is what kind of farming systems can provide resilient livelihoods? This volume presents a selection of existing farming systems that demonstrate how more efficient use of land and natural resources, labour and other inputs can have positive effects on household food security and livelihoods. It examines how aquaculture, integrated water management, peri-urban farming systems, climate-smart agriculture practices and parkland agroforestry contribute multiple benefits. Drawing on case studies from Kenya, Ethiopia, Nigeria and Burkina Faso, contributed by young African scientists, this book provides a unique perspective on multifunctional land use in Africa and illustrates how non-conventional uses can be profitable while promoting social and environmental sustainability. Tapping into the global discussion on land scarcity and linking food security to existing land use change processes, this volume will stimulate readers looking for diversified land uses that are compatible with both household and national food security ambitions. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of African development, agriculture, food security, land use and environmental management, as well as sustainable development more generally, in addition to policymakers and practitioners working in these areas.
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| 7. |
- Olsson, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Realizing the vision of a circular food system A policy dialogue on a sustainable bioeconomy in the Öresund region
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document reports the results of the fourth workshop run by the project "Policy Dialogues on a Bioeconomy for Sustainable Development". The project is co-financed by the Swedish Innovation Agency, Vinnova, and the SEI Governing Bioeconomy Pathways initiative. The overarching goal of the project is to facilitate a more constructive dialogue on the development of the global bioeconomy. There is a particular focus on analysing national and regional contexts in order to gain a better understanding of what is envisaged by a sustainable bioeconomy and the possible mechanisms for achieving bioeconomy-related goals.
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| 8. |
- Ostwald, Madelene, 1966-
(författare)
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En analys av ansökningsinsatser från Göteborg till Formas riktade utlysning 'Att förverkliga de Globala hållbarhetsmålen'. Ett stöd för framtida riktade forskningssatsningar
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningFormas specialutlysning ’Att förverkliga de Globala hållbarhetsmålen’ från 2019/20analyserades utifrån att ingen av de 11 tilldelade projekten (beviljningsgrad 6,6procent) kom från Göteborgs universitet och Chalmers, trots att 30 (17 procent) av de174 ansökningarna söktes från dessa universitet. Ansökningar, yttranden, dokumentfrån Formas, kontinuerlig dialog med forskningssekreterare, intervjuer (24huvudsökanden, fem granskare) och information från rundabords-samtal har varitgrunden till analysen.Resursåtgången för att utveckla 174 ansökningar beräknades till 201 timmar peransökan till en kostnad av totalt 29,2 miljoner kronor (mkr), vilket motsvarar 14procent av utlysningens totala budget på 210 mkr. Fem av ansökningarna frånGöteborg fanns med på kortlistan bestående av 30 ansökningar som diskuteradesunder granskarnas panelsmöten. De sex kriterier som använts vid granskningenvisar att ansökningarna från Göteborg inte nådde högsta poäng (7:a) på någotkriterium och hade en spridning av totalpoäng på 19 till 35 av 42 möjliga. Bland defem kortlistade projekten från Göteborg samt ytterligare fem göteborgsansökningarvar spannet 31-35 på totalpoäng. Bland de beviljade ansökningarna låg spannet på35-41. Kriteriet med lägsta genomsnittliga poäng var ’metod och genomförande’vilket också ansågs vara det kriteriet som diskuterades mest i granskningspanelen.Ålder, kön, akademisk grad, medsökande utanför hemuniversitet eller heminstitution,tidigare planeringsanslag eller mängden nedlagd tid på ansökan verkar inte hapåverkat utfallet. Däremot tenderar fler medsökande vara viktigt och även att inte haför många discipliner i gruppen. Sex av de 11 beviljade projekten kom fråncentrumbildningar eller institut som är av mångdisciplinär karaktär. Mönster avinnovation, hög samhällsrelevans, stark SDG-anknytning och allmängiltigfrågeställning finns bland de beviljade ansökningarna.Tvärvetenskap bedömdes som en parameter under ’metod och genomförande’ bland24 delkriterier och som sådan bedömdes angreppssätt beskrivet i ansökan snarareän hur gruppen var sammansatt. En aspekt angående tvärvetenskap som lyftes av paneldeltagare var att det märks på en ansökan om tvärvetenskapen har blivitihopsatt (forskare eller metoder) på ett snabbt och påtvingat sätt eller om det ärnågot som utvecklats organiskt.Utifrån analysen ges en rad möjligheter till förändring för forskare, universiteten ochforskningsmiljöerna i Göteborg, grants office och innovationskontor, GMV,forskningsråden och forskningspolitiken.
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| 9. |
- Ostwald, Madelene, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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”Klimatkompensation i svensk skog en dålig idé”
- 2021
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Företag som ser sig om efter åtgärder för att minska sin klimatpåverkan och samtidigt stärka sitt varumärke bör undvika klimatkompensation i svenska skogar. Det skriver sex forskare.
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| 10. |
- Ostwald, Madelene, 1966-
(författare)
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Klimatkompensation – ett omstritt svar på krisen
- 2023
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- När allt fler länder ställer upp allt djärvare klimatmål har olika former av klimatkompensation kommit i fokus. Vad är för- och nackdelarna med klimatkompensation, kan det överhuvudtaget användas som en tillförlitlig metod för att minska klimatutsläppen? Madelene Ostwald skriver.
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