| 1. |
- Antai, Imoh, et al.
(författare)
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A 3-R principle for characterizing failure in relief supply chains’response to natural disasters
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management. - Bingley, United Kingdom : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2042-6747 .- 2042-6755. ; 5:2, s. 234-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- principle for characterizing failure in humanitarian/relief supply chains’ response to natural disasters,and describes a Bayesian methodology of the failure odds with regard to external factors that mayaffect the disaster-relief outcome, and distinctive supply chain proneness to failure.Design/methodology/approach – The suggested 3Rs combine simplicity and completeness,enclosing all aspects of the 7R principle popular within business logistics. A fixed effects logisticregression model is designed, with a Bayesian approach, to relate the supply chains’ odds for success indisaster-relief to potential environmental predictors, while accounting for distinctive supply chains’proneness to failure.Findings – Analysis of simulated data demonstrate the model’s ability to distinguish relief supplychains with regards to their disaster-relief failure odds, taking into account pertinent external factorsand supply chain idiosyncrasies.Research limitations/implications – Due to the complex nature of natural disasters and the scarcityof subsequent data, the paper employs computer-simulated data to illustrate the implementation ofthe proposed methodology.Originality/value – The 3R principle offers a simple and familiar basis for evaluating failure in reliefsupply chains’ response to natural disasters. Also, it brings the issues of customer orientation withinhumanitarian relief and supply operations to the fore, which had only been implicit within thehumanitarian and relief supply chain literature.
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| 2. |
- Dadzie, Samuel Ato, et al.
(författare)
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Do strategic motives affect ownership mode of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in emerging African markets? : evidence from Ghana
- 2018
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Ingår i: Thunderbird International Business Review. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1096-4762 .- 1520-6874. ; 60:3, s. 279-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this study is to examine the influence of ownership, location, and internalization-specific factors, as well as strategic motives on ownership choice of foreign subsidiaries in Ghana. The authors use a quantitative methodology in order to statistically explore the relationships between dependent and independent variables by using the logistic regression model. The analysis was based on 115 manufacturing investments made by multinational corporations (MNCs) from different countries in 1994–2013. The results indicate that contractual risk leads to the choice of whollymowned subsidiary while cultural distance and country risk lead to the choice of the joint venture. In the case of the motives, efficiency-seeking and resource-seeking FDIs lead to the choice of the joint venture.
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| 3. |
- Dadzie, Samuel Ato, et al.
(författare)
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Understanding establishment mode choice of foreign manufacturing firms in Ghana
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emerging Markets. - Bingley, United Kingdom : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1746-8809 .- 1746-8817. ; 10:4, s. 896-920
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the foreign direct investment (FDI) strategies ofmanufacturing firms in Ghana using the eclectic model in order to understand how ownership, location and internalization factors impact FDI to developing countries like Ghana.Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a quantitativemethodology in order to statistically explore the relationships between dependent and independent variables. The data comes from a sample of 75 multinational enterprises that invested in the manufacturing sector between 1994 and 2008.Findings – The results reveal that large firm size, extensive international experience and large market size lead to the choice of acquisition mode of entry, while high cultural distance, high country risk, high proprietary assets and incentives lead to the choice of greenfield mode in the context of Ghana.Research limitations/implications – The results imply that the different economic, businessand legal (locational) conditions of developing countries create different FDI strategies and paths of companies compared to developed markets.Practical implications – Policy makers in developing countries should make efforts to improve market size, the institutional and regulatory environment, as well as the availability of human capital in order to attract FDI.Originality/value – FDI studies have mainly analysed establishment mode strategies of firms in advanced markets. There is an increasing amount of research on FDI in emerging markets but very little on developing countries and African markets. Therefore, this study enables the authors to develop implications for existing theory and generate practical implications for firms and policy makers related to African and developing country markets.
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| 4. |
- Oguji, Nnamdi, et al.
(författare)
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Acquisitions entry strategies in Africa : the role of institutions, target-specific experience, and host-country capabilities - The case acquisitions of Finnish multinationals in Africa
- 2017
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Ingår i: Thunderbird International Business Review. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1096-4762 .- 1520-6874. ; 59:2, s. 209-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acquisition is an important entry strategy for multinational enterprises (MNEs) seeking to gain faster entry into new and emerging markets and remain competitive in the global marketplace. MNEs utilize partial-, staged-, and full-acquisition strategies when entering into foreign markets. This research analyzes how and why firms opt for these acquisition strategies in the context of Africa. The study applies institutional theory and explores constructs derived from the Uppsala internationalization process model. Using a case study of five Finnish acquisitions in Africa (Egypt, Morocco, Kenya, and South Africa), it was found that Finnish MNEs opt for partial acquisition rather than staged and full acquisition in the context of acquisitions made prior to late 1990s without earnout arrangements. Finnish MNEs opt for the choice of staged acquisition rather than partial and full acquisition in the contexts of mild regulatory framework in host countries and when the acquired firm business requires extensive improvements and the target host market structure is fragmented. Finnish MNEs opt for the choice of full acquisition rather than partial and staged acquisition in three contexts specifically: (1) when the acquiring Finnish MNE possesses host-country capability, target-specific experience, and ensures the retention of top management personnel of the acquired target; (2) when the size of the acquired target is relatively very small compared to the acquiring MNE; and (3) when the nature of the acquired firm business is well developed and the target host-market structure is consolidating.
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| 5. |
- Oguji, Nnamdi, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of equity changes in partial acquisitions of Finnish multinationals in foreign markets
- 2019
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Ingår i: Baltic Journal of Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1746-5265 .- 1746-5273. ; 14:2, s. 268-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose When entering foreign markets, multinationals can acquire part of a foreign firm and can increase or decrease their equity stake over time. However, extant studies have mainly focused on equity stake acquired during initial market entry. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This study fills this gap by using the Uppsala model to analyze six cases of international acquisitions of Finnish multinationals in global markets. Findings The authors found that firms change their equity stake in partially acquired foreign subsidiaries: when they have learned about the host country and businesses of the partially acquired firms, when they have gained target-specific experience, when they build trust and ensure relationship commitment and finally, when they jointly develop and exploit opportunities. Originality/value This study is one of the first to apply the Uppsala model to empirically analyze international acquisitions, thus paving the way for behavioral and process-oriented approaches. The study contributes to knowledge of post-entry strategies of multinationals.
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| 6. |
- Owusu, Richard A., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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A business network perspective on local content in emerging African petroleum nations
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Energy Sector Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1750-6220 .- 1750-6239. ; 10:4, s. 594-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The paper aims to identify and analyze the actors and their interrelationships in realizing local content objectives in African oil- and gas-producing nations.Design/methodology/approach – The paper includes content analysis of relevant research papers and reports within the oil and gas industry, local content and industrial networks published between 2000 and 2014.Findings – The study developed a framework that integrates the literature on local content with the industrial network theory. The framework classifies the various critical actors for achieving local content, proposing that achieving local content requires the development of business network links and a resource alignment among local companies and institutions and foreign companies and institutions, in addition to multinational oil companies.Research limitations/implications – The framework of this study contributes to an emergingtheory on local content by integrating the industrial network theory, which provides specificframeworks for analyzing embedded business environments, along with the previous economic and legal-based studies of local content achievement.Practical implications – The way the relevant actors organize their resources and businessnetworks provides potential for local content in an emerging oil and gas industry in Africa.Originality/value – The paper is one of the few to integrate studies of local content with the industrialnetwork theory. The literature review provides a summary window of the research on the subject over a 14-year period.
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| 7. |
- Owusu, Richard A., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Achieving local content in extractive industries of African countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: Economic and Social Development. - Varazdin, Croatia : Varazdin Development and Entrepreneurship Agency. ; , s. 74-82
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local content defines the extent of participation of local industry in extractive industries like mining, oil and gas. These industries are major destinations of foreign direct investments. They are very important revenue streams for governments of developing and emerging economies. In many countries, however, local industry is not participating enough. Recently researchers are bringing new perspectives into research and policy on the subject. We discuss the issue based on a review of relevant literature including a study in Nigeria in the wake of the passage of the new local content laws. Our study finds that the achievement of local content depends on the collaboration of a range of actors. Local political and legal institutions, local businesses, MNCs, universities and research organizations, international development partners and donors have to contribute their political and economic resources to achieve local content.
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| 8. |
- Owusu, Richard A., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges to build, operate, and transfer projects to provide infrastructure for African economy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - : Academy for Global Business Advancement. ; , s. 209-210
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shortage of physical infrastructure is a top developmental challenge in sub-Saharan Africa (Deloitte 2013). Public facilities known as infrastructure are very important for every country’s production and distribution of economic output as well as to its citizens’ overall quality of life (IDEP/BADEA 2015; Cheng 2010 Algarni et al. 2007). To this end, many have suggested the need for the public sector to partner with the private sector known as public-private partnership (PPP) to overcome these infrastructural challenges and deficits without further stretching the public purse (Ghanaian National Policy on PPP 2011; Algarni et al. 2007; Hanaoka and Palapus 2012). According to Grimsey and Lewis (2002), PPP is where public sector bodies enter into long-term contractual agreements with private sector entities for the construction or management of public sector infrastructure facilities by the private sector entity, or the provision of services by the private sector entity to the community on behalf of a public sector entity. There are a number of PPP models or delivery systems (Dahiru 2012; Angleoha 2003) of which Build Operate Transfer (BOT) is one. BOT emerged as a viable strategy, and it has been promoted by both developed and developing countries as a way to supply badly needed infrastructure services while under stringent budgetary constraints (Cheng 2010). BOT has established itself as a valid delivery or financing system and the main idea behind it is to alleviate the spending on governments’ budgets by seeking capital from external financiers especially on large scale projects (Algarni et al. 2007). In most BOT projects, private capital builds an infrastructure facility, manages it for a period of time when it is expected to cover its costs and agreed returns, and then hand the facility over to public management (Kumaraswamy and Zhang 2001).While African governments have shown considerable interest in PPP (Ghanaian National Policy on PPP 2011) very few projects have been achieved. It is, therefore, relevant from both a research and management as well as policy point of view, to investigate the obstacles and challenges in the PPP (BOT) system in African countries.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Owusu, Richard A., 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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The internationalization of project-business firms : an opportunities, learning, and networks perspective
- 2019
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Ingår i: 15th Vaasa Conference on International Business, August 19-21, 2019. ; , s. 43-43
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- International Business (IB) literature often highlights a firm’s domestic market as either a “learning place”, the starting station of the internationalization process - as in the Uppsala process model (Johanson and Vahlne, 1977) or a place where ownership advantages are developed before going abroad (Buckley and Casson, 1976). Though stressing the learning aspect inherent in the process, the point of identifying opportunities are somewhat missed out. More recent research by, e.g., Dana et al., (2009) has emphasized the presence of strategic intent and combined it with opportunity-seeking behavior by managers as being the primary motives to enter international markets. However, research on why and how organizations learn to identify/create opportunities and establish relationships in overseas markets is somewhat underdeveloped. In this article, we focus on the opportunities, learning, and network aspects of internationalization and critically review the internationalization process literature in order to establish a framework for future studies on learning and opportunity recognition in project businesses. Traditionally, internationalization research has focused on manufacturing industries, high-tech industries, service industries, but to a lesser extent the project business industry (Owusu, Sandhu and Kock, 2007). By focusing on the learning and opportunity aspects in internationalization, we establish a framework in which internationalization can be studied in project business firms.
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