| 1. |
- Klamer, Daniel, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Habituation of acoustic startle is disrupted by psychotomimetic drugs: differential dependence on dopaminergic and nitric oxide modulatory mechanisms
- 2004
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Ingår i: Psychopharmacology (Berl). ; 176:3-4, s. 440-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE: A deficit in attention and information processing has been considered a central feature in schizophrenia, which might lead to stimulus overload and cognitive fragmentation. It has been shown that patients with schizophrenia display a relative inability to gate incoming stimuli. Thus, patients repeatedly subjected to acoustic startle-eliciting stimuli habituate less to these stimuli than controls. Furthermore, schizophrenia-like symptoms can be induced by pharmacological manipulations in humans by psychotomimetic drugs, e.g. phencyclidine (PCP) and D-amphetamine (D-AMP). Recent studies show that the behavioural and biochemical effects of PCP in rodents are blocked by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, suggesting that NO plays an important role in at least the pharmacological effects of PCP. OBJECTIVES: The first aim of the present study was to investigate if PCP, MK-801 and D-AMP impair habituation of acoustic startle in mice. Secondly, we examine the effect of the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME, and the dopamine receptor antagonist, haloperidol, on drug-induced deficit in habituation. RESULTS: PCP (4 mg/kg), MK-801 (0.4 mg/kg) and D-AMP (5.0 mg/kg), impaired habituation of the acoustic startle response in mice. This effect was reversed by the NOS inhibitor, L-NAME. The typical antipsychotic, haloperidol, reversed the effects of PCP and D-AMP, but not that of MK-801. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that PCP, MK-801 and D-AMP impair habituation in mice is consistent with the idea that these treatments model certain filter deficits seen in schizophrenic patients. Furthermore, the present results suggest that NO is critically involved in these effects on habituation, whereas that of dopamine is less clear.
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| 2. |
- Nandakumar, Madayi P., et al.
(författare)
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Superporous agarose monoliths as mini-reactors in flow injection systems
- 2000
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Ingår i: Bioseparation. - 1573-8272. ; 9:4, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new type of agarose material, superporous agarose, was used as a support material in an analytical system designed for monitoring of bioprocesses with respect to metabolites and intracellular enzymes. The superporous agarose was used in the form of miniaturised gel plug columns (15×5.0 mM I.D. monolithic gel bed). The gel plugs were designed to have one set of very large pores (about 50 μm in diameter) through which cells, cell debris and other particulate contaminants from the bioreactor could easily pass. The material also had normal diffusion pores (300 Å) characteristic of all agarose materials, providing ample surface for covalent attachment of antibodies and enzymes used in the analytical sequence. The superporous agarose gel plug columns were characterised with respect to flow properties and handling of heavy cell loads as well as dispersion of injected samples (a Bodenstein number of about 40 was observed with acetone tracer at a flow rate of 1 ml min−1). To evaluate the practical performance of the superporous gel plug columns, two applications were studied: (1) on-line determination of glucose in cultivation broth (gel plug with immobilized glucose oxidase) and (2) immunochemical quantification of intracellular β-galactosidase in E. coli (gel plug with lysozyme to achieve cell lysis and gel plug with antibodies against β-galactosidase).
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| 3. |
- Pålsson, Birger, et al.
(författare)
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Elective splenectomy in the elderly - perioperative and long-term course
- 2001
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-2451 .- 1435-2443. ; 386:5, s. 339-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The hazards of elective splenectomy in the elderly have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim was to assess such a well-defined cohort with respect to perioperative and long-term outcome. Methods: Fifty-two consecutively splenectomised patients during the period 1971-1995, aged 65 years or older, were followed until death (44 cases) or the end of 1999 (8 cases). Results: No intraoperative deaths occurred, while three patients (5.8%) died postoperatively in the 1970s. Twenty-four patients suffered from thirty-four postoperative complications, dominated by infections and haematomas. No differences were seen comparing patients with and without complications related to the American Society of Anesthesiologists' classes, total transfusion rate, steroid medication, preoperative risk diseases, "giant spleens" or the time period during which the operations were performed. In 69% of the patients, the splenectomy was beneficial. During the long-term followup, 25 patients suffered from 59 infectious and thromboembolic episodes and 1 surgical complication. The dominating causes of death were the primary disease (29%), myocardial infarction (20%), sepsis (12%) and cerebrovascular lesions (12%), i.e. not directly related to late effects of the operation. Conclusion: Highrisk patients older than 65 years with haematological disorders can safely undergo splenectomy with a low mortality rate and a reasonable rate of morbidity. The long-term course demonstrates a fair response rate, minimal surgically related complications, but thromboembolic and infectious events, and the majority of deaths unrelated to late effects of the splenectomy.
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| 4. |
- Pålsson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Pellicular expanded bed matrix suitable for high flow rates
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of chromatography. A. - 0021-9673. ; 878:1, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new type of expanded bed matrix with a heavy core of stainless steel covered with an agarose layer was prepared. Two bead size fractions, the smaller one (32–75 μm ∅) having a single particle core and the larger (75–180 μm ∅) with an agglomerate of stainless steel particles constituting the core, were chosen for further characterisation. The dispersion behaviour was determined both in packed bed and expanded bed modes by the retention time distribution method (RTD) and compared with the Streamline matrix (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). The comparison turned out in favour of the new matrix. Flow rates as high as 3000 cm/h were used with the larger fraction, giving stable expanded beds with good mass transfer properties. The matrices were mechanically stable without any tendency to crack or peal, even after prolonged use.
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| 5. |
- Zellin, Göran, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of hemorrhage depressors on blood loss during orthognathic surgery: a retrospective study.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-2391. ; 62:6, s. 662-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Correction of dentofacial deformities by orthognathic surgery may cause significant bleeding and therefore hypotensive anesthesia is often used to reduce the blood loss. The main objective of the present clinical study was to determine whether the addition of hemorrhage depressors to other medication during orthognathic surgery would further reduce the blood loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty patients, consecutively operated on with standardized Le Fort I osteotomies in 1998 (n = 15, control group) and 1999 (n = 15, treatment group), were included in the study. Both groups received hypotension anesthesia during surgery and the treatment group received additional hemorrhage depressors; tranexamic acid and desmopressin. RESULTS: The mean blood loss was 740 +/- 410 mL (11.3 mL/kg) in the control group and 400 +/- 210 mL (5.7 mL/kg) in the treatment group. The results showed a statistically significant reduction of blood loss in the treatment group (P <.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that blood loss during orthognathic surgery under hypotensive anesthesia can be significantly reduced when a combination of tranexamic acid and desmopressin is added.
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