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- Svanberg, Sune, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of terawatt lasers
- 1994
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Ingår i: LASER SPECTROSCOPY - XITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. - 1563962624 ; :290, s. 264-269
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Mathiesen, U L, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-hepatitis C virus screening will reduce the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis C also in low-risk areas
- 1992
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7708 .- 0036-5521. ; 27:6, s. 443-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis non-A, non-B (PTH-NANB) was prospectively assessed in two areas in the southeast region of Sweden. Patients undergoing hip arthroplasty were studied with blood sampling for alanine aminotransferase analysis before and at 2, 3, and 4 months after transfusion. Of the patients 97% and 82% were transfused and received a mean of 5.5 and 3.4 units in Linkoping and Oskarshamn, respectively. None of 38 patients in Oskarshamn but 4 of 144 patients (2.8%) in Linkoping contracted PTH-NANB. Two of these four patients developed antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) by the first-generation anti-HCV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (C100). The other two patients remained negative by this test. HCV infection was, however, indicated in all four patients by positive second-generation anti-HCV ELISA confirmed by positive second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay (4-RIBA). Three of the patients were positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum from one blood donor to the four hepatitis patients (altogether three donors) was found positive by first- and second-generation anti-HCV ELISA and 4-RIBA and was also PCR-positive. Three other blood donors, who did not transmit hepatitis, were anti-HCV ELISA (C100)-positive. This study shows that if anti-HCV ELISA had been available at the start of the trial, all cases of PTH would have been avoided at the expense of only 0.7% transfusion units discarded. Routine anti-HCV ELISA testing of all transfusion units will reduce the incidence of PTH-C even in low-risk areas.
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| 5. |
- Bååth, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of nonionic monomeric and dimeric contrast media on the twitching reaction of the rat. Importance of osmolality and electrolyte content
- 1994
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Ingår i: Investigative Radiology. - 0020-9996. ; 29:11, s. 985-989
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES. The authors established a rat model of the twitching reaction to contrast media in striated muscle and investigated the influence of nonionic contrast medium on the twitching reaction regarding the nonionic dimer iodixanol compared with the monomer iohexol and the dimer iotrolan. The authors also studied the influences from the electrolyte additions of iodixanol. METHODS. The interval from start of contrast medium injection to start of head movement was compared for iohexol (140 and 350 mg iodine/mL), iodixanol (150 and 320 mg iodine/mL), and iotrolan (300 mg iodine/mL). Comparison was made with mannitol and mannitol containing the same electrolyte concentrations as iodixanol (150 and 320 mg iodine/mL). RESULTS. No differences in latency period were found between iohexol 140 mg iodine/mL (isotonic) and 350 mg iodine/mL (880 mOsm/kg). Iodixanol caused a lesser effect on the twitching reaction than the iohexol solutions and iotrolan. When the electrolytes of iodixanol were added to mannitol (300 mOsm/kg), there was a later onset of the twitching reaction than with electrolyte-free mannitol. CONCLUSIONS. Differences in latency period caused by a change in osmolality were not found. The interval for a twitching reaction was longer with iodixanol than with iohexol, iotrolan, and iso-osmolar mannitol. The weak effect of the iodixanol solution was probably partially caused by the electrolyte content.
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| 9. |
- Herrlin, K, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of X-rays For Medical Imaging By High-power Lasers - Preliminary-results
- 1993
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Ingår i: Radiology. - 1527-1315. ; 189:1, s. 65-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of x-ray imaging performed with a high-power laser system in biologic and medical studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A compact terawatt laser system based on chirped pulse amplification in titanium-doped sapphire was used. X rays were generated by irradiating a high-atomic-number target (tantalum). RESULTS: When photons with an energy below 10 keV were removed with use of 3 mm of aluminum, the half-value layer in aluminum for the remaining x rays was approximately 10 mm. The x-ray source allowed performance of biologic magnification radiography. Star-pattern tests indicated an equivalent focal spot size of less than 60 mum. Exposures of a single pulse could be obtained. The duration of a single x-ray pulse was estimated to be of the order of picoseconds. CONCLUSION. With use of subpicosecond laser pulses, x-ray generation can occur with a smaller equivalent focal spot size than with conventional x-ray sources.
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| 10. |
- Jacobsen, Steven J., et al.
(författare)
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Comparability of the tandem-R andIMx assays for the measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen
- 1994
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Ingår i: Urology. - 0090-4295. ; 44:4, s. 512-518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives.: To assess the comparability of the Tandem-R and IMx serumprostate-specific antigen (PSA) assays across levels of the ratio of free-to-total serum PSA found in a community-based population of healthy men. Methods.: Banked serum samples from the baseline component of the Olmsted CountyStudy of Urinary Symptoms and Health Status Among Men were thawed and analyzed using the Tandem-R and IMx PSA assays. Serum levels also were determined for the free, noncomplexed form of PSA, PSA complexed to alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, and total PSA with a research-based immunofluorometric assay. Results.: The results of the Tandem-R and IMx assays were strongly correlated at alllevels of the ratio of free-to-total serum PSA. The Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.87 to 0.98 (all p < 0.001). The relationship between the Tandem-R and IMx assays, however, differed at low levels of free-to-total serum PSA compared with high levels. In the lowest 10th percentile of the ratio of free-to-total serum PSA (0.04 to 0.18), the IMx assay read lower than the Tandem-R (slope ± standard error = 0.92±0.04, intercept ± standard error = 0.21 ± 0.14); whereas in the upper 10th percentile of free-to-total ratio (0.46 to 0.65) the IMx assay yielded values higher than the Tandem-R assay (slope = 1.21 ± 0.07, intercept = 0.14 ± 0.05). In the middle 90%, the slope did not statistically differ from 1.0. Conclusions.: For the majority of men, results of the Tandem-R and IMx PSA assays were virtually identical. The small differences found would not be of clinical significance for most men but should be considered when comparing results of different assays in sequential determinations for a specific man.
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