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- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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| 3. |
- Orsini, N., et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of lifetime physical activity and prostate cancer incidence and mortality
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 101:11, s. 1932-1938
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The possible benefit of lifetime physical activity (PA) in reducing prostate cancer incidence and mortality is unclear. METHODS: A prospective cohort of 45 887 men aged 45-79 years was followed up from January 1998 to December 2007 for prostate cancer incidence (n = 2735) and to December 2006 for its subtypes and for fatal (n 190) prostate cancer. RESULTS: We observed an inverse association between lifetime (average of age 30 and 50 years, and baseline age) total PA levels and prostate cancer risk. Multivariate-adjusted incidence in the top quartile of lifetime total PA decreased by 16% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2-27%) compared with that in the bottom quartile. We also observed an inverse association between average lifetime work or occupational activity and walking or bicycling duration and prostate cancer risk. Compared with men who mostly sit during their main work or occupation, men who sit half of the time experienced a 20% lower risk (95% CI = 7-31%). The rate ratio linearly decreased by 7% (95% CI = 1-12%) for total, 8% (95% CI = 0-16%) for localised and 12% (95% CI = 2-20%) for advanced prostate cancer for every 30 min per day increment of lifetime walking or bicycling in the range of 30 to 120 min per day. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that not sitting for most of the time during work or occupational activity and walking or bicycling more than 30 min per day during adult life is associated with reduced incidence of prostate cancer. British Journal of Cancer (2009) 101, 1932-1938. doi:10.1038/bjc.6605404 www.bjcancer.com Published online 27 October 2009 (C) 2009 Cancer Research UK
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| 4. |
- Orsini, N, et al.
(författare)
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Age and temporal trends of total physical activity among Swedish women
- 2006
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Ingår i: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. - Karolinska Inst, Inst Environm Med, Div Nutr Epidemiol, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol & Biostat, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. : LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS. - 0195-9131 .- 1530-0315. ; 38:2, s. 240-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Few epidemiological studies have been conducted among middle-aged women on long-term total and specific physical activity (PA) trends. We Studied in a cross-sectional setting the relationship of self-reported total daily PA with age and calendar time. Methods: In a population-based cohort of 38,988 women aged 49-83 yr in central Sweden, information was collected on physical activity, such as work or occupation, household work, walking or bicycling, exercise, watching TV or reading, and other lifestyle factors through a self-administered questionnaire. Total and specific daily PA levels at ages 15, 30, and 50 yr were recalled retrospectively and measured as metabolic equivalents (MET(.)h(.)d(-1)). Results: Total PA level linearly decreased with calendar time in all three age groups (slope for 5-yr chan-e in calendar time among those 15 yr of age = -0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), -0.86 to -0.78; among those 30 yr of age = -0.42; 95% Cl, -0.45 to -0.38; and among those 50 yr of age = -0.62; 95% Cl, -0.66 to -0.58). High-intensity activities such as walking or bicycling decreased by 0.21 MET(.)h(.)d(-1) (95% Cl, -0.22 to -0.20) every 5-calendar-year change among adolescents between the 1930s and 1960s. Total activity level decreased in all age groups by an average of approximately 3 MET(.)h(-1.)d(-1). corresponding to approximately 45 min of brisk walking. Conclusions: Our results suggest that intervention efforts aimed at engaging in healthful amounts of physical activity are needed throughout the life cycle.
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| 5. |
- Orsini, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Combined effects of obesity and physical activity in predicting mortality among men
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 264:5, s. 442-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the hypothesis that higher levels of total daily physical activity can eliminate the increased mortality rate associated with overweight and obesity. DESIGN: Population-based prospective cohort study. SETTING: Central Sweden. SUBJECTS: A total of 37,633 men at baseline 45-79 years of age and free of known cancer and cardiovascular disease and diabetes completed a self-administered life-style questionnaire, which included questions on body-mass index (BMI) and physical activity. During 9.7 years of follow-up, we identified a total of 4086 deaths. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality rate ratios (RRs). RESULTS: Compared to men who were lean (BMI < 25 kg m(-2)) and active (top tertile of total physical activity level) the multivariable adjusted RRs (95% confidence interval) of death from all causes were 1.44 (1.11-1.86) for obese (BMI > or = 30 kg m(-2)) and active men, 1.54 (1.34-1.77) for lean (BMI < 25 kg m(-2)) but inactive (bottom tertile) men, and 1.81 (1.48-2.23) for obese-inactive men. After excluding the first 3 years of follow-up, current and former smokers, those who had lost weight from age 20 years to age at baseline, and heavy manual workers, the adjusted RRs of death from all causes were 1.65 (1.20-2.27) for overweight-to-obese and active men, 2.15 (1.59-2.91) for lean-inactive men, and 2.04 (1.52-2.74) for overweight-to-obese and inactive men compared to lean-active men. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that both overweight and physical inactivity are important predictors of mortality. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that a higher level of physical activity compensates the excess mortality associated with overweight and obesity.
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| 6. |
- Orsini, N, et al.
(författare)
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Profile of physical activity behaviors among Swedish women aged 56-75 years.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - : Wiley. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 18:1, s. 95-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to assess profiles of physical activity (PA) behavior using accelerometers among middle-aged and elderly women in free-living conditions. A subset of 133 women aged 56-75 years from the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort with valid accelerometer data was included in the analysis. The proportion of women who met the PA recommendation of accumulating 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), in either one continuous bout or several shorter bouts lasting 8-10 min, on five or more days/week was 31%. The precision of mean daily estimates of MVPA and of inactivity based on 7 days monitoring was 0.80 and 0.86, respectively. On average, participants spent 103 min/day on MVPA, but only about a third of that time was accumulated in the recommended pattern of bouts lasting at least 8-10 min. Obese women had, on average, one bout of MVPA less than normal-weight women (mean 3.6 bouts/day). The mean MVPA decreased 10 min/day with every 5-year increase in age. A low proportion of women accumulated MVPA in the pattern recommended for health benefits. The proportion would increase considerably if women maintained their current amount of MVPA but increased the duration of each bout of MVPA.
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