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- Papageorgiou, Spyridon, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence on the Association Between Periodontal Disease and General Health
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: This umbrella review summarizes the clinical evidence across meta-analyses regarding the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases. Methods: Seven databases were searched up to January 2018 for meta-analyses of human studies on the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases. Two independent authors performed in duplicate study selection, data extraction, and methodological assessment with the AMSTAR 2 tool. Data synthesis included random-effects meta-analyses of the cumulative evidence across papers using odds ratios or relative risks with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The robustness of each association was assessed according to existing epidemiological criteria. Results: The literature search yielded a total of 707 papers, from which 51 unique meta-analyses were included with most of them having serious methodological weaknesses according to the AMSTAR 2 tool. A wide variety of systemic conditions were statistically significantly associated (P<0.05) with periodontitis including among other: cancers (head-neck cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and oral cancer), cardiovascular conditions (including coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, carotid atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality), chronic kidney disease, erectile dysfunction, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic syndrome, overweight/obesity, pregnancy-related adverse outcomes (gestational diabetes, pre-eclapsia, pre-term birth, low birth weight, and pre-term low-weight birth), respiratory conditions (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatic diseases (including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis, and systemic lupus erythematosus), and obstructive sleep apnea, with effects ranging from 1.13 to 4.57 (Figure). However, many identified associations suffered from residual confounding, statistical heterogeneity, bias related to their basic study design, discrepancies between the disease prevalence and incidence, and small-study effects. Therefore, less than half of the identified associations between periodontitis and systemic health were supported in the end by robust epidemiological evidence. Conclusions: Periodontitis seems to be associated with many diseases, which might have important repercussions for both disease prevention and treatment. Image(s): Download Image 1 Student Presenter Disclosure Statement: The submitter must disclose the names of the organizations with which any author have a relationship, the nature of the relationship, and the clinical or research area involved. The following is submitted: NONE
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| 2. |
- Antonoglou, Georgios N., et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Performance of Dental Implants Following Sinus Floor Augmentation : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials with at Least 3 Years of Follow-up
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. - : Quintessence. - 0882-2786 .- 1942-4434. ; 33:3, s. E45-E65
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the survival of implants placed in augmented sinuses on a medium-to long-term basis, and identify factors affecting implant survival such as surgical technique, bone grafts, and timing of implant placement. Materials and Methods: A literature search up to July 2016 was performed to identify prospective clinical studies on sinus floor augmentation in conjunction with implant placement with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. Meta-analytic methods were implemented to calculate implant survival rates and relative risks (RR) for failure and the effect of surgical technique, use of bone graft, graft type, use of membrane, mean residual bone height, and timing of implant insertion. Results: A total of 17 clinical trials (1 randomized and 16 prospective nonrandomized) were included, which pertained to 637 patients (at least 48% male) and 1,610 implants placed after sinus floor augmentation with the osteotome (transalveolar) or lateral window approach. The pooled implant survival rate at 3 to 6 years of follow-up was 97.7% (17 studies; 95% CI = 94.4% to 99.7%) with high heterogeneity. Smoking was associated with significantly worse implant survival (2 studies; RR = 4.8; 95% CI = 1.2 to 19.4; P < .05). However, evidence of influencing factors varied from very low to moderate after adopting the GRADE approach, due to risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, and small-study effects. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that implants in augmented sinuses have high survival rates, with smoking playing a potentially important negative role in their prognosis. Both indirect and direct maxillary sinus floor augmentation seem to have a low frequency of manageable complications.
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| 3. |
- Tinetti, G., et al.
(författare)
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A chemical survey of exoplanets with ARIEL
- 2018
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Ingår i: Experimental Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0922-6435 .- 1572-9508. ; 46:1, s. 135-209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thousands of exoplanets have now been discovered with a huge range of masses, sizes and orbits: from rocky Earth-like planets to large gas giants grazing the surface of their host star. However, the essential nature of these exoplanets remains largely mysterious: there is no known, discernible pattern linking the presence, size, or orbital parameters of a planet to the nature of its parent star. We have little idea whether the chemistry of a planet is linked to its formation environment, or whether the type of host star drives the physics and chemistry of the planet’s birth, and evolution. ARIEL was conceived to observe a large number (~1000) of transiting planets for statistical understanding, including gas giants, Neptunes, super-Earths and Earth-size planets around a range of host star types using transit spectroscopy in the 1.25–7.8 μm spectral range and multiple narrow-band photometry in the optical. ARIEL will focus on warm and hot planets to take advantage of their well-mixed atmospheres which should show minimal condensation and sequestration of high-Z materials compared to their colder Solar System siblings. Said warm and hot atmospheres are expected to be more representative of the planetary bulk composition. Observations of these warm/hot exoplanets, and in particular of their elemental composition (especially C, O, N, S, Si), will allow the understanding of the early stages of planetary and atmospheric formation during the nebular phase and the following few million years. ARIEL will thus provide a representative picture of the chemical nature of the exoplanets and relate this directly to the type and chemical environment of the host star. ARIEL is designed as a dedicated survey mission for combined-light spectroscopy, capable of observing a large and well-defined planet sample within its 4-year mission lifetime. Transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy methods, whereby the signal from the star and planet are differentiated using knowledge of the planetary ephemerides, allow us to measure atmospheric signals from the planet at levels of 10–100 part per million (ppm) relative to the star and, given the bright nature of targets, also allows more sophisticated techniques, such as eclipse mapping, to give a deeper insight into the nature of the atmosphere. These types of observations require a stable payload and satellite platform with broad, instantaneous wavelength coverage to detect many molecular species, probe the thermal structure, identify clouds and monitor the stellar activity. The wavelength range proposed covers all the expected major atmospheric gases from e.g. H2O, CO2, CH4 NH3, HCN, H2S through to the more exotic metallic compounds, such as TiO, VO, and condensed species. Simulations of ARIEL performance in conducting exoplanet surveys have been performed – using conservative estimates of mission performance and a full model of all significant noise sources in the measurement – using a list of potential ARIEL targets that incorporates the latest available exoplanet statistics. The conclusion at the end of the Phase A study, is that ARIEL – in line with the stated mission objectives – will be able to observe about 1000 exoplanets depending on the details of the adopted survey strategy, thus confirming the feasibility of the main science objectives.
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