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- Möllsten, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Glu298Asp and NOS4ab polymorphisms in diabetic nephropathy.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annals of Medicine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0785-3890 .- 1365-2060. ; 38:7, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN) increases with increase in intraglomerular pressure, which may partly be regulated by nitric oxide (NO). NO-production can be affected by polymorphisms in the endothelial NO-synthase gene (NOS3), hyperglycaemia and smoking. We therefore studied association between DN and two polymorphisms in NOS3, Glu298Asp and NOS4ab, in Caucasian type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1510 Finnish and Swedish T1D patients were included in a cross-sectional case-control study. Incipient DN was defined as an albumin excretion rate (AER) of 20-200 microg/min (n = 336). Overt DN = AER>200 microg/min or renal replacement therapy (n = 619). All patients with DN were considered as cases. The controls were T1D patients with diabetes duration 20 years, AER<20 microg/min and without antihypertensive treatment (n = 555). The genetic markers studied were a 27 bp repeat (NOS4ab) and Glu298Asp (rs1799983). RESULTS: Age at onset of diabetes, male sex, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, blood pressure and smoking were assessed as possible confounders in the logistic regression analysis, which showed that homozygosity for the Glu-allele of the Glu298Asp-polymorphism was independently associated with increased risk of DN (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.12-1.91). The variables smoking (OR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.63-2.78), male sex (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.23-2.10), HbA1c (OR per % increase above upper limit of the normal reference range = 1.02; 95% CI = 1.02-1.03), systolic (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.04-1.06) and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.02-1.05) also significantly and independently increased the risk of DN when taking age at diabetes onset and diabetes duration into account. The NOS4 a-allele was not associated with DN. CONCLUSIONS: The Glu/Glu-genotype of the NOS3 Glu298Asp polymorphism may increase the risk of developing DN independently of other known risk factors.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Pettersson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Fish bile used to detect estrogenic substances in treated sewage water
- 2006
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 366:1, s. 174-186
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endocrine disrupting effects on fish associated with sewage treatment effluents have been demonstrated in several studies. To investigate if the effluents from two modem Swedish sewage treatment plants contained estrogenic substances, juvenile rainbow trout were exposed to sewage water before and after the last treatment step which is a sand filter. As a biomarker for estrogenic effect, vitellogenin was analysed in the blood plasma of the exposed fish. To identify substances possibly responsible for the effect, bile fluid from the exposed fish were analysed with GUMS. Elevated levels of vitellogenin were only seen in the fish exposed at one of the sewage treatment plants, the one with shorter residence time in the biological treatment steps, which suggests that the residence time is of importance for the ability to reduce the amount of estrogenic substances in the sewage water. The highest elevation of vitellogenin was seen in the fish exposed to water before the sand filter, which indicates that the sand filter contributes to further reduction of estrogenic substances in the sewage water. In bile from the same group of fish, considerably higher concentrations of estrone, bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol (4.0 mu g/g bile, 23 mu g/g bile and 24 mu g/g bile, respectively) were observed compared to bile from control fish (< 0.04 mu g/g bile, 0.21 mu g/g bile, and 3.5 mu g/g bile, respectively). The more potent steroidal estrogens were suggested to be major contributors to the observed estrogenic effect, although xenoestrogens were detected at higher concentrations in the bile fluid. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Vuorinen, P. J., et al.
(författare)
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Use of biliary PAH metabolites as a biomarker of pollution in fish from the Baltic Sea
- 2006
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0025-326X. ; 53:8-9, s. 479-487
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During field campaigns of the BEEP project (Biological Effects of Environmental Pollution in Marine Coastal Ecosystems) in 2001–2002, metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in bile samples from three fish species, flounder (Platichthys flesus), perch (Perca fluviatilis) and eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), from four separate areas in the Baltic Sea. Two determination methods were applied: fixed wavelength fluorescence (FF) for pyrene-type metabolites and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC). There was a good correlation between the FF method and 1-OH pyrene determined by HPLC. Normalisation of the FF data for absorbance at 380 nm or bile protein concentrations greatly increased variance in one third and decreased it in two thirds of the cases and resulted in a loss of significant differences (protein normalisation) between the sampling stations, but normalisation of the HPLC data had little effect on the results. The biliary PAH metabolite content was usually higher in males than in females. In perch and eelpout the biliary PAH contents were at similar levels, whereas in flounder the levels were lower. The sampling areas arranged in decreasing order of biliary PAH contents were: Wismar Bay > Gulf of Gdansk > Lithuanian coast > Kvadofjärden (reference area). It is concluded that FF with un-normalised data is a reliable and simple method for monitoring purposes and only one sex of a selected species should be used.
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