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- Cooke, S.J., et al.
(författare)
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Developing a mechanistic understanding of fish migrations by linking telemetry with physiology, behavior, genomics and experimental biology: an interdisciplinary case study on adult fraser river sockeys salmon
- 2008
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Ingår i: Fisheries. ; 33:7, s. 321-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fish migration represents one of the most complex and intriguing biological phenomena in the animal kingdom. How do fish migrate such vast distances? What are the costs and benefits of migration? Some of these fundamental questions have been addressed through the use of telemetry. However, telemetry alone has not and will not yield a complete understanding of the migration biology of fish or provide solutions to problems such as identifying physical barriers to migration or understanding potential impacts of climate change. Telemetry can be coupled with other tools and techniques to yield new insights into animal biology. Using Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) as a model, we summarize the advances that we have made in understanding salmonid migration biology through the integration of disciplines (i.e., interdisciplinary research) including physiology, behavior, functional genomics, and experimental biology. We also discuss opportunities for using large-scale telemetry arrays and taking a more experimental approach to studies of fish migration that use telemetry (i.e., intervention studies involving endocrine implants, simulated migration studies) rather than simply focusing on descriptive or correlational techniques. Only through integrative and interdisciplinary research will it be possible to understand the mechanistic basis of fish migrations and to predict and possibly mitigate the consequences of anthropogenic impacts. Telemetry is a tool that has the potential to integrate research across disciplines and between the lab and the field to advance the science of fish migration biology. The techniques that we have applied to the study of Pacific salmon are equally relevant to other fish taxa in both marine and freshwater systems as well as migratory animals beyond ichthyofauna. The interdisciplinary approach used here was essential to address a pressing and complex conservation problem association with sockeye salmon migration.
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- Harvey, P.D, et al.
(författare)
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Performance-based measurement of functional disability in schizophrenia: a cross-national study in the United States and Sweden
- 2009
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - : American Psychiatric Association Publishing. - 0002-953X .- 1535-7228. ; :166, s. 821-827
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Recent advances in the assessment of disability in schizophrenia have separated the measurement of functional capacity from real-world functional outcomes. The authors examined the similarity of performance-based assessments of everyday functioning, real-world disability, and achievement of milestones in people with schizophrenia in the United States and Sweden. METHOD: The UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief Version (UPSA-B) and a neuropsychological assessment were administered to schizophrenia patients living in rural areas in Sweden (N=146) and in the New York City area (N=244), and patients' functioning was rated by their case managers. Information from records and case managers was used to determine the frequency of living independently, working, and having ever experienced a stable romantic relationship. RESULTS: Performance on the UPSA-B was essentially identical in the two samples (New York, mean score=13.84; Sweden, mean score=13.30), as were scores on the case manager ratings of everyday activities (New York, mean=49.0; Sweden, mean=48.8). The correlations between UPSA-B score, neuropsychological test performance, and case manager ratings did not differ across the two samples. The proportion of patients who had never had a close relationship and the rate of vocational disability were also nearly identical. However, while 80% of the Swedish patients were living independently, only 46% of the New York patients were. CONCLUSIONS: While scores on performance-based measures of everyday living skills were similar in people with schizophrenia across cultures, real-world residential outcomes were very different. These data suggest that cultural and social support systems can lead to divergent real-world outcomes among individuals who show evidence of the same levels of ability and potential.
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