| 1. |
- Schad, A., et al.
(författare)
-
A UNIFIED APPROACH TO THE HELIOSEISMIC INVERSION PROBLEM OF THE SOLAR MERIDIONAL FLOW FROM GLOBAL OSCILLATIONS
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : University of Chicago Press. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 734:2, s. 97-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements from tracers and local helioseismology indicate the existence of a meridional flow in the Sun with strength in the order of 15 m s(-1) near the solar surface. Different attempts were made to obtain information on the flow profile at depths up to 20 Mm below the solar surface. We propose a method using global helioseismic Doppler measurements with the prospect of inferring the meridional flow profile at greater depths. Our approach is based on the perturbation of the p-mode eigenfunctions of a solar model due to the presence of a flow. The distortion of the oscillation eigenfunctions is manifested in the mixing of p-modes, which may be measured from global solar oscillation time series. As a new helioseismic measurement quantity, we propose amplitude ratios between oscillations in the Fourier domain. We relate this quantity to the meridional flow and unify the concepts presented here for an inversion procedure to infer the meridional flow from global solar oscillations.
|
|
| 2. |
- Lunner Kolstrup, Christina
(författare)
-
Work-related musculoskeletal discomfort of dairy farmers and employed workers
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-6673. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dairy farming is physically demanding and associated with a high frequency of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). This study investigated and compared work-related MSD, ergonomic work factors and physical exertion in farmers and employed farm workers on dairy farms in Sweden. Methods: The study comprised 66 dairy farmers, and 37 employed dairy farm workers. A modified version of the general Standardised Nordic Questionnaire was used for analyses of perceived MSD in nine different parts of the body. Perceived physical discomfort was assessed using questions concerning ergonomic work factors. A rating scale was used for analyses of perceived physical exertion. Information about participant demographics was also collected. The response rate amounted to 70%. Results: The most frequently reported MSD in farmers and farm workers were located in the lower back (50% and 43%, respectively) and the shoulders (47% and 43%, respectively). MSD were also frequently reported in the neck (33%) among farmers, and in the hands/wrist (41%) among farm workers. MSD in the elbows (23%) and feet (21%) were significantly more frequently reported by farmers than farm workers (5%). Female farmers and farm workers both reported significantly higher frequencies of MSD in the neck (48% and 56%, respectively) and hands/wrists (44% and 61%, respectively) than their male colleagues (24% and 5%; 10% and 21%, respectively). In addition, female farm workers had significantly higher reported frequencies of MSD in the upper and lower back (39% and 61%, respectively) than their male counterparts (5% and 26%, respectively). Milking was perceived as a weakly to moderately physically demanding work task. Repetitive and monotonous work in dairy houses was the ergonomic work factor most frequently reported as causing physically discomfort among farmers (36%) and farm workers (32%), followed by lifting heavy objects (17% and 27%, respectively). Female workers had significantly more reported discomfort from repetitive and monotonous work than their male counterparts (50% and 16%, respectively). Conclusion: Despite the technical developments on modern dairy farms, there is still a high prevalence of MSD and discomfort from ergonomic work factors, particularly among female workers.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Dijk, Oege, et al.
(författare)
-
Charity, incentives, and performance
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2214-8043. ; 66, s. 119-128
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose that donating profits to charity may improve firm performance through reduced moral hazard and increased effort in incomplete contract environments. This proposition is tested and confirmed in an incomplete contract principal-agent laboratory experiment where principals' profits are donated to charity. The results show that both principals and agents have higher earnings in treatments where principals are working on behalf of a charity. Only in the charity treatments do agents respond positively to the effort levels suggested by the principals, and do higher requested levels of effort result in higher principal earnings. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hummelgård, Magnus, 1978-
(författare)
-
In-situ TEM Probing of Nanomaterials
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Nanomaterials because of their small size, may have special properties unlikely to be seen in ordinary types of materials. Nanomaterials like nanotubes,nanowires and nanoparticles are best studied at the nanoscale, vital but also problematic. In this thesis we use a transmission electron microscope (TEM)combined with a scanning tunneling microscope probe. This system allows TEM images to be captured and recorded into a movie together with recordedelectrical data for real time analysis. Using this method we found that the electrical conductivity of molybdenumbased nanowires Mo6S3I6 can be improved by current induced transformation. This might be a general method of improving nanowires which is of high valueif the wires are to be used in electrical circuits or field emission devices. The bending modulus for these nanowires were also determined, by an electromechanical resonance method, to 4.9 GPa. The sintering phase of silver nanoparticles, used in electrical conductive ink for printing electrical circuits, were studied by the in-situ TEM probing method. We observed that percolation path ways are formed and that the dispersive agent of the particles can be pyrolysed into a net of carbon with characteristics similar to graphite. We also developed a method for decorating nanowires and nanotubes with gold nanoparticles. Nanowire particle composites are often used in assembling more complex devices (electronic circuits) or for linking to organic molecules (biosensor applications) and existing particle decoration methods are either difficult or with low yield. By in situ TEM probing we found that carbon nanocages can be grown onto these gold nanoparticles. The size of the gold nanoparticles is controllable an thus the size of the nanocages. These nanocages may be used in medicine- or hydrogen storage-applications.
|
|
| 6. |
- Reijonen, Sami, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress counteracts neuronal cell death and protein aggregation caused by N-terminal mutant huntingtin proteins
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Experimental Cell Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0014-4827 .- 1090-2422. ; 314:5, s. 950-960
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulation of abnormal proteins occurs in many neuro degenerative diseases including Huntington's disease (HD). However, the precise role of protein aggregation in neuronal cell death remains unclear. We show here that the expression of N-terminal huntingtin proteins with expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeats causes cell death in neuronal PC6.3 cell that involves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These mutant huntingtin fragment proteins elevated Bip, an ER chaperone, and increased Chop and the phosphorylation of c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) that are involved in cell death regulation. Caspase-12, residing in the ER, was cleaved in mutant huntingtin expressing cells, as was caspase-3 mediating cell death. In contrast, cytochrome-c or apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) was not released from mitochondria after the expression of these proteins. Treatment with salubrinal that inhibits ER stress counteracted cell death and reduced protein aggregations in the PC6.3 cells caused by the mutant huntingtin fragment proteins. Salubrinal upregulated Bip, reduced cleavage of caspase-12 and increased the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2 subunit-alpha (eIF2 alpha) that are neuroprotective. These results show that N-terminal mutant huntingtin proteins activate cellular pathways linked to ER stress, and that inhibition of ER stress by salubrinal increases cell survival. The data suggests that compounds targeting ER stress may be considered in designing novel approaches for treatment of HD and possibly other polyQ diseases.
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Solér, Cecilia, 1962
(författare)
-
Towards an embodied understanding of the sustainability of consumer choice—the case of fashion shopping
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Sustainability. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2673-4524. ; 3, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This conceptual article uses an embodied theoretical lens to describe how consumption and shopping are bodily activities shaped by marketplaces. This article contributes to research on sustainable consumption in general and research on sustainable shopping in particular. The social and situated embodiment perspective highlights how sociomaterial marketplace elements configure shopping outcomes. The context of fashion shopping is used, and this article shows how an embodied view of shopping can increase our understanding of unsustainable shopping practices and promote shopping for sustainable products. This article aims to enrich the structural strand of sustainable consumption research by describing how the sustainability of individual shopping can be understood as skills and dispositions acquired within, or in relation to, marketplace activities and discourses. This suggests that current Western unsustainable fashion shopping practices, characterized by excessive consumption, change only if supply and communication practices in the fashion marketplace change.
|
|
