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- Andersson, Helena M., et al.
(författare)
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Differences in the inflammatory plasma cytokine response following two elite female soccer games separated by a 72-h recovery
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports. - Malden, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0905-7188 .- 1600-0838. ; 20:5, s. 740-747
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated changes in a large battery of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in elite female soccer players following two 90-min games separated by a 72-h active or passive recovery. Blood samples were taken from 10 players before, within 15-20 min, 21, 45 and 69 h after the first game and within 15-20 min after the second game. The leukocyte count was analyzed, together with several plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, using a multiplex bead array system. After the first and second game, the total leukocytes and neutrophils increased significantly. Likewise, increases (P<0.05) in pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (INF-gamma), IL-17], chemokines [monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-8 and monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG)], anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-10, IL-13, INF-alpha) and the mixed cytokine IL-6 were observed. Leukocyte and cytokine levels were normalized within 21 h. Active recovery (low-intensity exercises) did not affect the cytokine responses. A dampened cytokine response was observed after the second game as only IL-12, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-8 and MIG increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, a robust pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response occurs after the first but not the second soccer game. The implications of the dampened cytokine response in female players after the second game are unknown.
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- Paulsen, G., et al.
(författare)
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Strength training elevates HSP27, HSP70 and alpha B-crystallin levels in musculi vastus lateralis and trapezius
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Applied Physiology. - Heidelberg, Germany : Springer. - 1439-6319 .- 1439-6327. ; 112:5, s. 1773-1782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single bout of high-force exercise has been shown to increase the muscle levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Here, changes in the levels of HSPs after 2 and 11 weeks of strength training with either one or three sets per exercise were examined. Fifteen young men (27 +/- A 6 years, 182 +/- A 8 cm and 82 +/- A 13 kg) were randomized to train either one set in lower-body exercises and three sets in upper-body exercises (1L-3UB), or three sets in lower-body exercises and one set in upper-body exercises (3L-1UB). Biopsies from vastus lateralis and trapezius were obtained before, during (2 weeks) and after 11 weeks of strength training (3 bouts per week). The biopsies were analysed for HSP27 (cytosolic and cytoskeletal fractions) and HSP70 and alpha B-crystallin (cytosolic fraction). No evidence for an effect of training volume (1 vs. 3 sets) on the HSP response was found. For all subjects combined, HSP27 [186 +/- A 69% (mean +/- A SD)], HSP70 (146 +/- A 51%) and alpha B-crystallin (184 +/- A 82%) increased in the cytosolic fraction of vastus lateralis after 11 weeks of training. In the trapezius, the only observed increase was for HSP27 in the cytosolic fraction after 2 weeks of training (149 +/- A 59%). However, the trapezius contained somewhat higher levels of HSP70 and alpha B-crystallin than vastus lateralis at baseline. The HSP27 levels in the cytoskeletal compartment did not increase significantly in either muscle. In conclusion, strength training resulted-independent of training volume-in elevated levels of HSP27, HSP70 and alpha B-crystallin in the cytosolic compartment of the vastus lateralis. In the trapezius, only the cytosolic HSP27 levels were increased with training.
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- Paulsen, Morten T., et al.
(författare)
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Sensory perception of salmon and culinary sauces : An interdisciplinary approach
- 2012
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Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - : Elsevier. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 23:2, s. 99-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sauces play an important role in the sensory perception of meals. The combination of sauce and other foods in a meal might cause sensory interactions which change sensory attributes and the overall impression of the meal. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of culinary sauces, with different levels and combinations of the basic tastes, on the sensory attributes of salmon using mixed tasting technique. Seventeen different combinations of salmon and culinary sauces were evaluated by a trained panel at Nofima using descriptive analysis. The samples were analyzed in this sequence; first the salmon, then the sauce and finally the combination of salmon and sauce. Significant changes were found in salmon for all combinations, most importantly; bitter, acid and salty sauces significantly reduced salmon flavor, while salty sauce also reduced fish-oil flavor. Bitter, acid and salty sauces significantly increased the attribute complexity and bitter sauce reduced the attribute harmony. This study can be seen as a model for product development combining experimental design and sensory analysis with culinary knowledge. Results may be applied for tailoring fish meals for specific consumer segments. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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- Sachdev, P.S., et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic criteria for vascular cognitive disorders: A VASCOG statement
- 2014
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Ingår i: Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. - 0893-0341. ; 28:3, s. 206-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:: Several sets of diagnostic criteria have been published for vascular dementia since the 1960s. The continuing ambiguity in vascular dementia definition warrants a critical reexamination. METHODS:: Participants at a special symposium of the International Society for Vascular Behavioral and Cognitive Disorders (VASCOG) in 2009 critiqued the current criteria. They drafted a proposal for a new set of criteria, later reviewed through multiple drafts by the group, including additional experts and the members of the Neurocognitive Disorders Work Group of the fifth revision of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) Task Force. RESULTS:: Cognitive disorders of vascular etiology are a heterogeneous group of disorders with diverse pathologies and clinical manifestations, discussed broadly under the rubric of vascular cognitive disorders (VCD). The continuum of vascular cognitive impairment is recognized by the categories of Mild Vascular Cognitive Disorder, and Vascular Dementia or Major Vascular Cognitive Disorder. Diagnostic thresholds are defined. Clinical and neuroimaging criteria are proposed for establishing vascular etiology. Subtypes of VCD are described, and the frequent cooccurrence of Alzheimer disease pathology emphasized. CONCLUSIONS:: The proposed criteria for VCD provide a coherent approach to the diagnosis of this diverse group of disorders, with a view to stimulating clinical and pathologic validation studies. These criteria can be harmonized with the DSM-5 criteria such that an international consensus on the criteria for VCD may be achieved. © 2014 by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
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