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- Mellgren, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Neighbourhood disorder and worry about criminal victimization in the neighbourhood
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Review of Victimology. - : Abramis Academic Publishing. - 0269-7580 .- 2047-9433. ; 17:3, s. 291-310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study tested a cross-level integrated model of neighbourhood level disorder and individual level vulnerability, in relation to explaining individual differences in worry about criminal victimization1. The aim of the present study is (1) to establish if there is unique neighbourhood level variation in worry about criminal victimization, independent of neighbourhood composition, and(2) to establish the extent to which two proposed mechanisms at the individual level, prior local victimization and perceived disorder, act as mediators of a hypothesised effect of neighbourhood level disorder. Given the hierarchical structure of the research question a series of multilevel analyses based on data from a survey of more than 4,000 residents of a Swedish urban are a was performed. Findings by and large indicate that there are significant neighbourhood level differences in worry about criminal victimization and that these differences are not completely due to compositional effects. Neighbourhood disorder has effects on worry about criminal victimization, independent of the composition of neighbourhoods. The present study suggests that neighbourhood disorder has consequences for worry about criminal victimization and that prior victimization and perceived disorder are key mediators of the contextual effect of neighbourhood disorder. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Pauwels, Lieven, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the relationship between offending and victimization : What is the role of risky lifestyles and low self-control? A test in two urban samples
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. - : Springer. - 0928-1371 .- 1572-9869. ; 17:3, s. 163-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study explores the strength of the relationship between offending and victimization among young adolescents. We focus especially on the role background characteristics such as gender, immigrant background and family structure and causal mechanisms such as risky lifestyles and low self-control as many scholars have argued that the correlation between offending and victimization may be caused by common characteristics of offenders and victims. The article build upon two large-scale self-reported delinquency studies in Sint-Niklaas (Belgium) and Halmstad (Sweden). The correlation between offending and victimization is strong, even when controlling for demographics, lifestyles and low self-control. However, the lifestyle and low self-control model predicts offending better than victimization and the independent effect of offending on victimization is larger than the independent effect of victimization of offending. The same pattern is found in both samples, suggesting the stability of findings. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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| 5. |
- Pauwels, Lieven, et al.
(författare)
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Informal controls and the explanation of propensity to offend : A test in two urban samples
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. - : Springer. - 0928-1371 .- 1572-9869. ; 16:1, s. 15-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propensity to offend is an important and stable predictor of offending. A person’s propensity is often thought of as a multidimensional trait consisting of morality and low self-control. The aim of this paper is to explain individual differences in propensity to offend as one single construct and two of its dimensions, namely morality and low self-control. It is well established that low levels of morality and low self-control increase the risk of offending. However, there is less empirical research that focuses on the main predictors of morality and self-control. Therefore the main research question for this study is to explain to what extent parental attachment, parental control and the school social bond have a direct effect on one’s propensity to offend (low morality or delinquency tolerance and low self-control). The data are drawn from two different samples of young adolescents in Antwerp, Belgium (N = 2,486), and Halmstad, Sweden (N = 1,003). The results show that parental control, parental attachment and the school social bond have direct effects on individual differences in propensity to offend, regardless of individual background variables. The results are highly equivalent in both samples. The similarity of the results across two independent samples suggests that the findings are stable. Implications for further studies are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Pauwels, Lieven, et al.
(författare)
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Micro-place disorder, subjective powerlessness and violent youth group involvement : testing an integrative control theory
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Criminology and Sociology. - : Lifescience Global. - 1929-4409. ; 3:3, s. 200-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we test an integrative theory that seeks to explain why youth that live in disordered micro-places have an increase likelihood of becoming involved in a violent youth group. The emerging integrative theory is based on the principle of conceptual end-to-end integration and is the result of an attempt to integrate (1) a contemporary version of subjective powerlessness theory with (2) an integrative control framework of violent youth group involvement. We submit the thesis that the both aforementioned models are highly suitable for conceptual integration as micro-place disorder is a common antecedent. In addition, both models share an intervening mechanism in the observed micro-place disorder- violent youth group involvement relationship: the concept of normlessness. An integrative model allows for the study of multiple pathways through which micro-place disorder and subjective powerlessness affect the likelihood of becoming involved in a violent youth group. Using path analyses for continuous and dichotomous outcomes we test key propositions of our theoretical elaboration. Our research is based on a large sample of youths in early adolescence (N=2,486) in the urban context of Antwerp, the second largest city of Belgium. The results indicate that micro-place disorder increases decreases parental monitoring and increases feelings of subjective powerlessness. Normlessness and low self-control are important mediators in the “causal chain” between micro-place disorder, subjective powerlessness and violent youth group involvement. Low self-control and lifestyle risk further mediate the effects of subjective powerlessness, normlessness and micro-place disorder. The implications of these findings for future studies of violent youth group involvement are discussed
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| 7. |
- Pauwels, Lieven, et al.
(författare)
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Violent youth group involvement, self-reported offending and victimisation : An empirical assessment of an integrated informal control/lifestyle model
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. - : Springer. - 0928-1371 .- 1572-9869. ; 19:4, s. 369-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study assesses the relationship between family and educational disadvantage on self-reported offending, victimisation and violent youth group involvement in a Belgian medium-sized city. Many studies have focused on the relationship between family disadvantage (one-parent families, immigrant background) and educational disadvantage (vocational tracking, school failure) and violent youth group involvement, offending/victimisation in surveys. The present study primarily assesses to what extent social bonds (parental monitoring and the school social bond), deviant beliefs, low self-control and lifestyle risk are stable mediators of the relationship between family and educational disadvantage and self-reported offending, victimisation and troublesome youth group involvement among young adolescents. The results indicate that the lifestyle-exposure model, which was initially used to explain individual differences in victimisation is much better capable of explaining differences in selfreported offending and violent youth group involvement than victimisation. The implications for further studies are discussed.
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| 8. |
- Svensson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Does the effect of self-control on adolescent offending vary by level of morality? A test in three countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Criminal justice and behavior. - : Sage Publications. - 0093-8548 .- 1552-3594. ; 37:6, s. 732-743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines whether morality and self-control have an interactional effect on offending. Drawing from the situational action theory, the authors hypothesize that self-control has a more important effect on offending for individuals with low levels of morality than for individuals with high levels of morality. To test this hypothesis, self-report data were used from three independent samples of young adolescents in Antwerp, Belgium (N = 2,486); Halmstad, Sweden (N = 1,003); and South-Holland, the Netherlands (N = 1,978). The findings provide strong support for the hypothesis that the effect of self-control on offending is dependent on the individual’s level of morality. The similarity of the results across three independent samples suggests that the findings are robust among different cultural backgrounds and among studies with different operationalizations of the central concepts of interest.
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| 9. |
- Svensson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Is a risky lifestyle always "risky"? The interaction between individual propensity and lifestyle risk in adolescent offending : A test in two urban samples
- 2010
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Ingår i: Crime & Delinquency. - : Sage Publications. - 0011-1287 .- 1552-387X. ; 56:4, s. 608-626
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the effects on adolescent offending of lifestyle risk and the individual propensity to offend. It is assumed that lifestyle risk will have a more important effect on offending for those individuals with high levels of individual propensity, whereas for individuals with low levels of individual propensity it is assumed that a risky lifestyle will not, or will only marginally, influence their involvement in offending. The data are drawn from two different samples of young adolescents in Antwerp, Belgium (N = 2,486), and Halmstad, Sweden (N = 1,003). The data provide strong support for the hypothesis that the effect of lifestyle risk is dependent on the strength or weakness of individual propensity, indicating that lifestyle risk has a stronger effect on delinquency for individuals with a high propensity to offend. The similarity of the results across two independent samples suggests the findings are stable.
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| 10. |
- Svensson, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Moral emotions and offending : do feelings of anticipated shame and guilt mediate the effect of socialization on offending?
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Criminology. - : Sage Publications. - 1477-3708 .- 1741-2609. ; 10:1, s. 22-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study we examine whether feelings of anticipated shame and anticipated guilt when being caught for an offence mediate the relationship between parental monitoring, bonds with parents and school, deviant peers, moral values and offending. We use data from the SPAN project, a study that collected detailed information about offending, moral emotions and socialization among 843 adolescents in The Hague, the Netherlands. The results show that moral emotions of both anticipated shame and guilt have a strong direct effect on offending. The results also show that the relationship between parental monitoring, deviant peers, moral values and offending is substantially mediated by anticipated shame and guilt. This study clearly suggests that both shame and guilt need to be included in the explanation of offending.
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