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- You, Q. L., et al.
(författare)
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Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole and Third Pole: Trends, mechanisms and consequences
- 2021
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-8252. ; 217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Warming amplification over the Arctic Pole (AP hereafter) and Third Pole (Tibetan Plateau, TP hereafter) can trigger a series of climate responses and have global consequences. Arctic amplification (AA) and Tibetan amplification (TA) are the most significant characteristics of climate change patterns over the two Poles. In this study, trends, mechanisms and consequences of both AA and TA are compared. Based on ERA5 reanalysis during 1979-2020, both AP and TP have undergone significant warming with an annual rate of 0.72 degrees C/decade and 0.34 degrees C/decade respectively, which exceeds the rates for the Northern Hemisphere (0.29 degrees C/decade) and the global means (0.19 degrees C/decade) over the same period. Based on 22 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models, AA over the AP is warming at a rate almost four times than the global means and twice as fast over the TP. Although both AA and TA are projected to continue in the future, currently there is no consensus on the dominant mechanisms for AA or TA over the two Poles. Proposed mechanisms of AA can be divided into two types: local climate factors (sea ice-albedo feedback, Planck feedback, temperature gradient feedback, cloud feedback, and water vapor feedback); and poleward heat and moisture transport from lower latitudes (atmospheric circulation effect, ocean circulation effect, and modulation of Pacific and Atlantic SST). Consequences of AA include decline of sea ice cover, retreat of the Greenland ice sheet, permafrost degradation, accelerated disturbances in marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and influences on extreme climate events at lower latitudes. Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission, snow/ice-albedo feedback, cloud-radiation interactions, water vapor and radiative flux feedbacks, local forcing and feedback processes, land use changes and reduction in total ozone, are generally considered to be the main mechanisms causing TA. TA has caused significant change within the atmosphere and cryosphere over the TP and its surroundings, such as changes in climate extremes, snow cover, the retreat of glaciers, and permafrost degradation. Similarities and differences of warming amplifications over the two Poles are proposed, and the relative contribution of each mechanism to the warming amplifications and how the specific consequences may compare over the two Poles remain unclear and under continuing investigation.
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- Jin, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Increased ecohydrological drying over terrestrial ecosystems
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095. ; 277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The greening and browning of global vegetation are driven by various processes such as climate change, CO2 fertilization, and land management, etc. From the perspective of the vegetation-water-heat relationship, the above processes can be briefly summarized as two types of eco-hydrological processes: 1. dryness change; 2. usage change. We here present a diagnostic procedure to identify the dominant eco-hydrological processes, thus evaluate the climate change impacts on ecosystems. Utilizing remote-sensing based leaf area index (LAI) and climate data during 1982-2016, we demonstrate that dryness changes showed prior dominance over 1/4 global lands where LAI trends are significant. Concretely, drying/wetting has expanded/reduced its regional dominance from 8%/15.8% (1982-1999) to 18.1%/11.9% (1999-2016), indicating that dryness change has turned to more drying than wetting for global vegetated lands. As increased over twofold, drying is playing an increasingly important role in the climate change impacts on terrestrial ecosystems, bringing fundamental weakening of global greening.
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- Weaver, T. E., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term effects of solriamfetol on quality of life and work productivity in participants with excessive daytime sleepiness associated with narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea
- 2021
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF CLINICAL SLEEP MEDICINE. - : American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). - 1550-9389 .- 1550-9397. ; 17:10, s. 1995-2007
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study Objectives: Solriamfetol, a dopamine/norepinephdne reuptake inhibitor, is approved in the United States and European Union for excessive daytime sleepiness in adults with narcolepsy (75-150 mg/day) or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; 37.5-150 mg/day). In 12-week studies, solriamfetol was associated with improvements in quality of life in participants with narcolepsy or OSA. These analyses evaluated the long-term effects of solriamfetol on quality of life. Methods: Participants with narcolepsy or OSA who completed previous solriamfetol studies were eligible. A2-week titration was followed by a maintenance phase <= 50 weeks (stable doses:75, 150, or 300 mg/day). Quality of life assessments included Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire short version, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2. Mean (standard deviation) changes from baseline to end of study were evaluated. Data were summarized descriptively. Adverse events were assessed. Results: Safety population comprised 643 participants (417 OSA, 226 narcolepsy). Solriamfetol improved Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire short version Total scores (mean change [standard deviation], 3.7 [3.0] and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2 Physical and Mental Component Summary scores (3.1[6.9] and 4.3 [8.4 respectively); improvements were sustained throughout treatment. On Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem, solriamfetol reduced (improved) % presenteeism, % overall work impairment, and % activity impairment by a minimum of 25%. Common adverse events (>= 5%): headache, nausea, nasopharyngitis, insomnia, dry mouth, anxiety, decreased appetite, and upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusions: Long-term solriamfetol treatment was associated with clinically meaningful, sustained improvements in functional status, work productivity, and quality of life for up to 52 weeks. Adverse events were similar between narcolepsy and OSA.
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- You, Q. L., et al.
(författare)
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Recent frontiers of climate changes in East Asia at global warming of 1.5 degrees C and 2 degrees C
- 2022
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Ingår i: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2397-3722. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- East Asia is undergoing significant climate changes and these changes are likely to grow in the future. It is urgent to characterize both the mechanisms controlling climate and the response of the East Asian climate system at global warming of 1.5 and 2 degrees C above pre-industrial levels (GW1.5 and GW2 hereafter). This study reviews recent studies on East Asian climate change at GW1.5 and GW2. The intensity and variability of the East Asian summer monsoon are expected to increase modestly, accompanied by an enhancement of water vapor transport. Other expected changes include the intensification of the Western Pacific Subtropical High and an intensified and southward shift of the East Asian jet, while the intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon is projected to reduce with high uncertainty. Meanwhile, the frequency of ENSO may increase in a warming world with great uncertainty. Significant warming and wetting occur in East Asia, with more pronounced intensity, frequency, and duration of climate extremes at GW2 than that at GW1.5. The fine structure of regional climate changes and the presence and location of various warming hotspots, however, show substantial divergence among different model simulations. Furthermore, the Asian climate responses can differ substantially between the transient and stabilized GW1.5 and GW2, which has important implications for emission policies. Thus, to better plan effective mitigation and adaptation activities, further research including an in-depth exploration of the divergent responses in transient versus stabilized scenarios, the quantification of future projection uncertainties, and improvements of the methods to reduce model uncertainties are required.
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