| 1. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(författare)
-
The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 235:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.
|
|
| 2. |
- Blanton, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
-
Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV : Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 154:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe the Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV), a project encompassing three major spectroscopic programs. The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment 2 (APOGEE-2) is observing hundreds of thousands of Milky Way stars at high resolution and. high signal-to-noise ratios in the near-infrared. The Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey is obtaining spatially resolved spectroscopy for thousands of nearby galaxies (median z similar to 0.03). The extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is mapping the galaxy, quasar, and neutral gas distributions between z similar to 0.6 and 3.5 to constrain cosmology using baryon acoustic oscillations, redshift space distortions, and the shape of the power spectrum. Within eBOSS, we are conducting two major subprograms: the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources (SPIDERS), investigating X-ray AGNs. and galaxies in X-ray clusters, and the Time Domain Spectroscopic Survey (TDSS), obtaining spectra of variable sources. All programs use the 2.5 m Sloan Foundation Telescope at the. Apache Point Observatory; observations there began in Summer 2014. APOGEE-2 also operates a second near-infrared spectrograph at the 2.5 m du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, with observations beginning in early 2017. Observations at both facilities are scheduled to continue through 2020. In keeping with previous SDSS policy, SDSS-IV provides regularly scheduled public data releases; the first one, Data Release 13, was made available in 2016 July.
|
|
| 3. |
- Aguado, D. S., et al.
(författare)
-
The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys : First Release of MaNGA-derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools, and Stellar Library
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 240:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty years have passed since first light for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Here, we release data taken by the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV) across its first three years of operation (2014 July-2017 July). This is the third data release for SDSS-IV, and the 15th from SDSS (Data Release Fifteen; DR15). New data come from MaNGA-we release 4824 data cubes, as well as the first stellar spectra in the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), the first set of survey-supported analysis products (e.g., stellar and gas kinematics, emission-line and other maps) from the MaNGA Data Analysis Pipeline, and a new data visualization and access tool we call "Marvin." The next data release, DR16, will include new data from both APOGEE-2 and eBOSS; those surveys release no new data here, but we document updates and corrections to their data processing pipelines. The release is cumulative; it also includes the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since first light. In this paper, we describe the location and format of the data and tools and cite technical references describing how it was obtained and processed. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has also been updated, providing links to data downloads, tutorials, and examples of data use. Although SDSS-IV will continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V (2020-2025), we end this paper by describing plans to ensure the sustainability of the SDSS data archive for many years beyond the collection of data.
|
|
| 4. |
- Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al.
(författare)
-
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
|
|
| 5. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
-
Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
-
Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
|
|
| 6. |
- Apellániz-Ruiz, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Targeted sequencing reveals low-frequency variants in EPHA genes as markers of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Clinical Cancer Research. - : American Association of Cancer Research. - 1078-0432 .- 1557-3265. ; 23:5, s. 1227-1235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Neuropathy is the dose limiting toxicity of paclitaxel and a major cause for decreased quality of life. Genetic factors have been shown to contribute to paclitaxel neuropathy susceptibility; however, the major causes for inter-individual differences remain unexplained. In this study we identified genetic markers associated with paclitaxel-induced neuropathy through massive sequencing of candidate genes.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We sequenced the coding region of 4 EPHA genes, 5 genes involved in paclitaxel pharmacokinetics and 30 Charcot-Marie-Tooth genes, in 228 cancer patients with no/low neuropathy or high grade neuropathy during paclitaxel treatment. An independent validation series included 202 paclitaxel-treated patients. Variation-/ gene-based analyses were used to compare variant frequencies among neuropathy groups and Cox regression models were used to analyze neuropathy evolution along treatment.RESULTS: Gene-based analysis identified EPHA6 as the gene most significantly associated with paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Low frequency non-synonymous variants in EPHA6 were present exclusively in patients with high neuropathy and all affected the ligand binding domain. Accumulated dose analysis in the discovery series showed a significantly higher neuropathy risk for EPHA5/6/8 low-frequency non-synonymous variant carriers (HR=14.60, 95%CI=2.33-91.62, P=0.0042) and an independent cohort confirmed an increased neuropathy risk (HR=2.07, 95%CI=1.14-3.77, P=0.017). Combining the series gave an estimated 2.50-fold higher risk of neuropathy (95%CI=1.46-4.31; P=9.1x10(-4)).CONCLUSION: This first study sequencing EPHA genes revealed that low frequency variants in EPHA6, EPHA5 and EPHA8 contribute to the susceptibility to paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Furthermore, EPHAs neuronal injury repair function suggests that these genes might constitute important neuropathy markers for many neurotoxic drugs.
|
|
| 7. |
- Asplund, Stig-Börje, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Approaching life story interviews as sites of interaction : Integrating conversation analysis with a life story approach
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Qualitative Research Journal. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1443-9883 .- 1448-0980. ; 20:2, s. 175-187
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore what conversation analysis has to offer when analysing a series of life story interviews aiming to capture how reading and texts are used in a rural working-class man’s identity construction.Design/methodology/approachThe conversation analysis methodology with its explicit focus on embodied social action, activity and conduct in interaction is integrated with a life story approach when analysing and describing the identity constructing processes that take place in life story interview settings.FindingsThrough a close and detailed analysis of the interaction between interviewer and interviewee, and by focusing and highlighting the phenomena and identities that are oriented to in the face-to-face interaction here and now (and in relation to there and then), descriptions of the complex and dynamic identity constructing processes that are set into play in the life story interview are possible.Research limitations/implicationsIt is argued that the approach has a lot to offer when approaching life story data, and thus is a method that can increase the transparency in life story interview research.Originality/valueThe paper explores the intersection of what is often seen as diametrically opposed forms of analysis: conversation analysis and narrative inquiry.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Asplund, Stig-Börje, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
"One song away from being home" : om boksamlande, läsning och Johnny Cash. Sidospår, eller…?
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I den här texten studeras erfarenheter av läsning och texter i relation till boksamlande. Niklas, en ung man i 25-års åldern, och hans pappa, intervjuas på plats bland alla böcker och föremål som de samlat, såväl hemma hos Niklas pappa som hemma hos Niklas. Utgångspunkten för texten är en livsberättelseansats som sätter den berättande människan i centrum.Böckerna framstår i våra samtal som först och främst artefakter med estetiska, ekonomiska och gemenskapsskapande värden. De ska sorteras och kategoriseras efter bl.a. genre för att sedan sättas upp snyggt och prydligt i bokhyllor. Detta kroppsliga hanterande av böcker är något som också sker socialt och tillsammans med andra och kan ses som handlingar genom vilka den specifika sociala och kulturella kontext i vilken de lever och verkar i bevaras och reproduceras.
|
|
| 10. |
- Asplund, Stig-Börje, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
The Book and the Text : Expanding the definition of a male reader
- 2015
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Book And The Text - Expanding The Definition Of A Male ReaderBoys’ relation to reading has been debated for a long time. Numerous international studies bear witness to an existing gender gap in children’s reading; boys read worse and to a smaller extent than before, and they read less than girls and lag behind in literacy skills (Clark & Burke, 2012; Gambell & Hunter, 2000). If one considers the situation from a class perspective the situation of boys with working-class background is described as particularly problematic, since extensive research indicates that there exists a particularly poor reading proficiency among socio-economically disadvantaged boys. In many of the studies there are also often expressed a concern for these boys’ future, since without the ability to read well, they are risking to lose access to higher education and future careers.Despite the extensive research that exists on boys’ relationship to reading, we have currently still rather limited knowledge about the role and importance reading has in the lives of young men and what experiences they carry out from the reading they have been taught as students in school.In our presentation, and, from a longitudinal perspective with the aim of focusing our attention on one of the many working-class boys who has walked through the school system as a student, our intention is to be conducive to new knowledge in the field, and also to modulate the negative image of young working-class boys’ future opportunities that is conveyed.At the center of our presentation is Niklas - a young male excavator, who lives in a rural village in the central parts of Sweden, and our purpose is to present a picture of his reader history, i.e. the journey he has made in his life as a reader of various kinds of texts. Niklas’s reader history is part of a larger research project where we are using a combination of different methodological and theoretical perspectives in the study of young men’s reader histories.Through a life story approach (Mishler, 1999; Goodson & Sikes 2001), we will in our presentation let Niklas’s story form the basis of our understanding of the phenomena he chooses to talk about, which among other things means that we will use a broader concept of text in our analysis of Niklas’s reader history.The narrative reflections (Freeman, 2010) that are expressed in Niklas’s narrative of his journey through life as a reader, and the different reader identities that emerge through his own narrative, forms to us his reader history. This reader history has obviously not occurred in a vacuum, but it has been shaped by, and has shaped, the social and cultural environments in which it took place, which is why we also have the intention of highlighting the specific contexts against which Niklas’s reader history interact. Given that social categories, such as gender, class and place are important for students’ school careers, we believe that it is important to study how these categories interact and cooperate in Niklas’s story about his experience of reading. Here, Massey’s work (2005) on place as a social construction, and her emphasis on the mutual relationship between place and identity, Connell’s work (2005) on the construction of masculinity, and the class perspective developed by Bourdieu (1984) are important points of departure in our analysis.MethodWe will tell Niklas’s story by using an approach through which the narrator is at the center of attraction. Thusly, our study has a longitudinal research design (Goodson & Sikes, 2001). The longitudinal design can help us get sight of how Niklas’s relationship to and experience of reading has been shaped, changed and evolved over time. This approach means that it is Niklas’s story that will be brought into focus. At the same time, this personal story shall be put into perspective by relating it to the specific social, cultural and historical circumstances in which what is told takes place (Goodson & Sikes, 2001; Mishler, 1999) why even such empirical data in the form of, for example, documents, theories, texts and physical locations and buildings will be used in our analysis. The reader history to which our interest is directed during our presentation is based on two life story interviews (see Goodson & Sikes, 2001) conducted with Niklas, today a 25-year-old young man, in the summer of 2013. The interviews took place in Niklas’s home and lasted for a total of three hours. Niklas’s story is based on empirical data gathered from a previous research project about a group of vehicle engineering boys’ encounter with the teaching of Swedish at an upper secondary school in a rural place in central Sweden, a project in which Niklas attended as a vehicle engineering student (Asplund & Pérez Prieto, 2013). These extensive empirical data, which consist of videotaped lessons, interviews, surveys and documentation of the boys’ self-produced written texts related to their Swedish classes, among other things, combined with life story interviews, allow us to deepen and modulate our analysis and presentation of Niklas’s reader history.Expected OutcomesIn the reader history that emerges through Niklas’s narrative, there are more ways to interact with books and texts than the more conventional ways. For instance, Niklas tells us how he helped his father to collect, sort out and sell old books, which to Niklas becomes a way to interact with books, and the interaction that Niklas is talking about has its meaning and significance in the specific context in which it takes place. This concrete and embodied interaction is also significant of Niklas’s relation to reading and books, and it is therefore also an important part of his reader history. Thus, the approach used in our study makes it possible to identify and highlight other, less common ways to interact with books, which also allows a more complex and nuanced story about a young man’s relation to reading.ReferencesAsplund, S-B.and Pérez Prieto, H. (2013). ‘Ellie is the coolest’: Class, masculinity and place in vehicle engineering students’ talk about literature in a Swedish rural town school. Children’s Geographies Issue 1, 2013. Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction.A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste.Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Clark, C. with Burke, D. (2012). Boys’ Reading Commission.A review of existing research to underpin the Commission.London: NationalLiteracy Trust. Connell, R. W. (2005). Masculinities. 2nd ed. Berkeley: University of California Press. (Original workpublished 1995). Freeman, M. (2010). Hindsight.The Promise and Peril of Looking Backward. New York: Oxford University Press. Gambell, T., & Hunter, D. (2000).Surveying gender differences in Canadian school literacy. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 32, 689–719. Goodson, I. & Sikes, P. (2001). Life History Research in Educational Settings.Learning from lives. Buckingham: Open University Press. Massey, D. (2005). For Space. London: Sage. Gambell, T., & Hunter, D. (2000). Surveying gender differences in Canadian school literacy. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 32, 689–719. Mishler, E. G. (1999). Storylines: Craftartists’ narratives of identity. Cambridge,Mass.; London: Harvard University Press.
|
|
