| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Hellsmark, Hans, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
Teknologiska innovationssystem inom energiområdet: En praktisk vägledning till identifiering av systemsvagheter som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna rapport är att illustrera hur ett praktiskt inriktat ramverk, tekno- logiska innovationssystem (TIS), kan användas av analytiker och beslutsfattare vid departement och myndigheter för att analysera strategiskt viktiga teknikområden ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????I rapporten analyseras fem TIS centrerade kring havsbaserad vindkraft, marin energi, ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? systemsvagheter som bromsar områdets vidare utveckling, vilka som kan åtgärdas av systemets aktörer och vilka som motiverar särskilda politiska åtaganden. Rapporten utgör därmed ett underlag för att formulera åtgärder för att åstadkomma ökad innova- tion, teknikspridning och industrialisering inom ovan nämnda teknikområden.Studien har även möjliggjort en jämförande analys av likheter och skillnader ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? mellan områdena – de är starka respektive svaga av olika orsaker. Detta visar att ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Samtidigt har områdena gemensamma drag. Systemets aktörer, där även politiska ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- skapsnätverk. Men de har varit sämre på att skapa tidiga nischmarknader som ger utrymme för fortsatt lärande och kostnadsreduktion. Sådana nischer kan ibland skapas av marknadens aktörer, men ofta krävs politiska styrmedel. De behövs för att investeringar i kunskapsutveckling ska kunna nyttiggöras och för att en bred industriell utveckling inom nya områden skall göras möjlig i Sverige.Vidare presenteras lärdomar kring vad en aktiv teknikpolitik innebär. Två huvud- ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- hällsbygget och därför bör vara ett politikområde bland många samt att den skarpa ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????- ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? olika faser av innovationssystemets utveckling.För att lyckas med en aktiv teknikpolitik behövs en hög grad av koordinering ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? teknikområden så att ”rätt” typ av åtgärder kan sättas in vid ”rätt” tidpunkt av ”rätt” aktör. TIS-ramverket lyfts här fram som en metod för att skapa ett sådant underlag. Slutligen presenteras en metod för projektbedömningar som syftar till att stötta handläggare i utvärderingar av projekt inom nya teknikområden.Rapporten i sin helhet riktar sig särskilt till beslutsfattare och handläggare vid myndigheter, departement och politiker, men även andra organisationer och indi- vider med intresse av att högt ställda klimatmål ska kunna nås samtidigt som en positiv näringslivsutveckling möjliggörs.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, 1951, et al.
(författare)
-
Identifying, explaining and improving the effects of academic R&D: The case of nanotechnology in Sweden
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1471-5430 .- 0302-3427. ; 39:4, s. 513-529
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is commonly believed that the academic sector does not generate enough value for society. This value is often measured in terms of new firms, patents and products, leading to policy responses which aim to enhance 'commercialisation' by academics. However, others maintain that academic research generates benefits in many ways, some of which are difficult to measure, and that policy must look beyond the academic sector to find ways of improving the impact of academic R & D. Applying a new version of the 'technological innovation system' framework to nanotechnology in Sweden, we find a rich pattern of impact, including substantial 'commercialisation'. However, the effect of academic activities is constrained by factors exogenous to academia, in particular a lack of knowledge about environmental and health risks, institutional and market uncertainties, poorly coordinated policies and insufficient access to innovation-related capital. Policy-makers seeking to improve the impact of academic R & D should help to resolve these issues. © The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
-
The many ways of academic researchers : How is science made useful?
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 41:5, s. 641-657
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In assessing the performance of academic research, there is a growing interest in combining excellence with impact criteria. A frequently encountered belief is that impact should be understood in terms of new firms and patents. Others argue that academic R&D generates impacts that greatly exceed such commercialization efforts by academic researchers. The tension between these two beliefs reveals a risk that the criteria for assessing the impact of academic R&D, including criteria for allocating performance-based funding, may neglect vital aspects of how science is made useful. With insights gained from a comprehensive analysis of a wellreputed academic body, Chalmers Energy Initiative, we address this risk with the aim of contributing to the eventual design of an evidence-based science policy with appropriate evaluation routines.
|
|
| 7. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, 1951, et al.
(författare)
-
The many ways of academic researchers - how science is made useful at a University of Technology
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1471-5430 .- 0302-3427. ; 41:5, s. 641-657
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In assessing the performance of academic research, there is a growing interest in combining excellence with impact criteria. A frequently encountered belief is that impact should be understood in terms of new firms and patents. Others argue that academic R&D generates impacts that greatly exceed such commercialization efforts by academic researchers. The tension between these two beliefs reveals a risk that the criteria for assessing the impact of academic R&D, including criteria for allocating performance-based funding, may neglect vital aspects of how science is made useful. With insights gained from a comprehensive analysis of a well-reputed academic body, Chalmers Energy Initiative, we address this risk with the aim of contributing to the eventual design of an evidence-based science policy with appropriate evaluation routines.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Perez Vico, Eugenia, 1980, et al.
(författare)
-
Bredda synen på nyttiggörande!
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Forskning. ; 3, s. 12-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 10. |
- Perez Vico, Eugenia, 1980
(författare)
-
Capturing and explaining the effects of academic research and development - The case of nanotechnology
- 2010
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis explores how the effects of academic research and development (R&D) can be captured and explained, and examines how these effects come about in the case of nanotechnology in Sweden. This includes the understanding of what obstructs the effects and how policy can reduce obstacles.The research questions are explored in two papers. The first one suggests a systemic conceptualization for capturing and explaining the effects of academic R&D by enriching the technological innovation system (TIS) approach with a classification of activities sprung from academic R&D. A literature analysis underpins the conceptual framework and identifies a wide range of impacts. In particular, impacts on less tangible processes in a TIS, such as influence on the direction of search, legitimation and development of positive externalities are recognized.The second paper is a case study on the nanotechnological innovation system in Sweden and utilizes the conceptualization as an analytical framework. A wide variety of academic R&D activities are identified, aimed at many functions, such as ‘influencing the direction of search’ of actors in the system, enhancing the ‘legitimation’ of the field, strengthening ‘knowledge development and diffusion’ as well as ‘resource mobilisation’ in terms of, e.g. human capital. However, the impact is constrained by, e.g., uncertainties regarding environmental and health effects, markets and institutions. Policy can reduce the strength of these mechanisms by supporting knowledge development on potential environmental and health risks, facilitating the formation of nursing markets and funding verification and scaling up of production.The thesis raises methodological issues related to delineating the TIS for a generic technology or knowledge field, the sequence of conducting the study and overall reflections on the viability of the analytical framework. It also enables a more informed policy perception of the impact of academic R&D that takes the diversity of impacts, the influence from the surrounding environment and possible time lags into account. The importance of a concerned policy actor with a holistic competence transcending traditional policy boundaries is also stressed.The thesis suggests further research to develop the conceptualization, to explore mismatches in policy tasks and policy regimes and to extend the analysis from dealing with impacts in terms of growth to also include the direction of a TIS.
|
|
