| 1. |
- Uusitupa, M., et al.
(författare)
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Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome : a randomized study (SYSDIET)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 274:1, s. 52-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Different healthy food patterns may modify cardiometabolic risk. We investigated the effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers in people with metabolic syndrome. Methods We conducted a randomized dietary study lasting for 18-24weeks in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome (mean age 55years, BMI 31.6kgm-2, 67% women). Altogether 309 individuals were screened, 200 started the intervention after 4-week run-in period, and 96 (proportion of dropouts 7.9%) and 70 individuals (dropouts 27%) completed the study, in the Healthy diet and Control diet groups, respectively. Healthy diet included whole-grain products, berries, fruits and vegetables, rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy products. An average Nordic diet served as a Control diet. Compliance was monitored by repeated 4-day food diaries and fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids. Results Body weight remained stable, and no significant changes were observed in insulin sensitivity or blood pressure. Significant changes between the groups were found in non-HDL cholesterol (-0.18, mmolL-1 95% CI -0.35; -0.01, P=0.04), LDL to HDL cholesterol (-0.15, -0.28; -0.00, P=0.046) and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratios (-0.04, -0.07; -0.00, P=0.025) favouring the Healthy diet. IL-1 Ra increased during the Control diet (difference -84, -133; -37ngL-1, P= 0.00053). Intakes of saturated fats (E%, beta estimate 4.28, 0.02; 8.53, P=0.049) and magnesium (mg, -0.23, -0.41; -0.05, P=0.012) were associated with IL-1 Ra. Conclusions Healthy Nordic diet improved lipid profile and had a beneficial effect on low-grade inflammation.
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| 2. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N., et al.
(författare)
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The PREDICTS database : a global database of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 2045-7758. ; 4:24, s. 4701-4735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiversity continues to decline in the face of increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat destruction, exploitation, pollution and introduction of alien species. Existing global databases of species' threat status or population time series are dominated by charismatic species. The collation of datasets with broad taxonomic and biogeographic extents, and that support computation of a range of biodiversity indicators, is necessary to enable better understanding of historical declines and to project - and avert - future declines. We describe and assess a new database of more than 1.6 million samples from 78 countries representing over 28,000 species, collated from existing spatial comparisons of local-scale biodiversity exposed to different intensities and types of anthropogenic pressures, from terrestrial sites around the world. The database contains measurements taken in 208 (of 814) ecoregions, 13 (of 14) biomes, 25 (of 35) biodiversity hotspots and 16 (of 17) megadiverse countries. The database contains more than 1% of the total number of all species described, and more than 1% of the described species within many taxonomic groups - including flowering plants, gymnosperms, birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, beetles, lepidopterans and hymenopterans. The dataset, which is still being added to, is therefore already considerably larger and more representative than those used by previous quantitative models of biodiversity trends and responses. The database is being assembled as part of the PREDICTS project (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems - ). We make site-level summary data available alongside this article. The full database will be publicly available in 2015.
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| 3. |
- Dahlman, A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on the expression of prostate cancer biomarkers MSMB and MSMB-binding protein CRISP3
- 2010
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Ingår i: Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1365-7852 .- 1476-5608. ; 13:4, s. 369-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the effects of short-term neoadjuvant and long-term androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) on β-microseminoprotein (MSMB) and cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (CRISP3) expression in prostate cancer patients. We also studied if MSMB expression was related to genotype and epigenetic silencing. Using an Affymetrix cDNA microarray analysis, we investigated the expression of MSMB, CRISP3, androgen receptor (AR), KLK3 and Enhancer of Zeste Homologue-2 (EZH2) in tissue from prostate cancer patients receiving (n=17) or not receiving (n=23) ADT before radical prostatectomy. MSMB, CRISP3 and AR were studied in tissue from the same patients undergoing TURP before and during ADT (n=16). MSMB genotyping of these patients was performed by TaqMan PCR. MSMB and KLK3 expression levels decreased during ADT. Expression levels of AR and CRISP3 were not affected by short-term ADT but were high in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and metastases. Levels of EZH2 were also high in metastases, where MSMB was low. Genotyping of the MSMB rs10993994 polymorphism showed that the TT genotype conveys poor MSMB expression. MSMB expression is influenced by androgens, but also by genotype and epigenetic silencing. AR and CRISP3 expression are not influenced by short-term ADT, and high levels were found in CRPC and metastases.
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| 4. |
- Dahlman, Anna K, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of androgen deprivation therapy on the expression of prostate cancer biomarkers MSMB and MSMB-binding protein CRISP3.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5608 .- 1365-7852. ; 13, s. 369-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the effects of short-term neoadjuvant and long-term androgen deprivation therapies (ADTs) on beta-microseminoprotein (MSMB) and cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (CRISP3) expression in prostate cancer patients. We also studied if MSMB expression was related to genotype and epigenetic silencing. Using an Affymetrix cDNA microarray analysis, we investigated the expression of MSMB, CRISP3, androgen receptor (AR), KLK3 and Enhancer of Zeste Homologue-2 (EZH2) in tissue from prostate cancer patients receiving (n=17) or not receiving (n=23) ADT before radical prostatectomy. MSMB, CRISP3 and AR were studied in tissue from the same patients undergoing TURP before and during ADT (n=16). MSMB genotyping of these patients was performed by TaqMan PCR. MSMB and KLK3 expression levels decreased during ADT. Expression levels of AR and CRISP3 were not affected by short-term ADT but were high in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and metastases. Levels of EZH2 were also high in metastases, where MSMB was low. Genotyping of the MSMB rs10993994 polymorphism showed that the TT genotype conveys poor MSMB expression. MSMB expression is influenced by androgens, but also by genotype and epigenetic silencing. AR and CRISP3 expression are not influenced by short-term ADT, and high levels were found in CRPC and metastases.Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases advance online publication, 3 August 2010; doi:10.1038/pcan.2010.25.
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| 5. |
- Gradmark, Anna, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and estimated insulin sensitivity and secretion in pregnant and non-pregnant women
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims Overweight and obesity during pregnancy raise the risk of gestational diabetes and birth complications. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity may decrease these risks through beneficial effects on systemic glucose homeostasis. Here we examined physical activity patterns and their relationships with measures of glucose homeostasis in late pregnancy compared to non-pregnant women. Methods Normal weight and overweight women without diabetes (N=108; aged 25-35 years) were studied; 35 were pregnant (in gestational weeks 28-32) and 73 were non-pregnant. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted from which insulin sensitivity and β-cell response were estimated. Physical activity was measured during 10-days of free-living using a combined heart rate sensor and accelerometer. Total (TEE), resting (REE), and physical activity (PAEE) energy expenditure were measured using doubly-labeled water and expired gas indirect calorimetry. Results Total activity (counts/day) was associated with a reduced first-phase insulin response in both pregnant (r=-0.47; 95% CI: -0.70- to -0.15) and non-pregnant women (r=-0.36; 95% CI: -0.56- to -0.12). Pregnant women were estimated to have secreted more insulin (p=0.002) and had lower fasting glucose than non-pregnant women (p<0.0001). Measures of overall physical activity intensity were similar in both groups (p=0.547), but pregnant women spent more time sedentary (p<0.0001), less time in moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity (p<0.0001), had lower objectively measured total activity, and had lower physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) than non-pregnant women (p=0.045). Conclusions Our findings suggest that physical activity conveys similar benefits on glucose homeostasis in pregnant and non-pregnant women, despite differences in subcomponents of physical activity.
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| 6. |
- Mikusinska, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Response of ectomycorrhizal extramatrical mycelium production and isotopic composition to in-growth bag size and soil fauna
- 2013
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 66, s. 154-162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-growth bags are increasingly used to study extramatrical mycelium (EMM) of ectomycorrhizal fungi in forest soils. In this paper we tested whether bag size and presence of soil fauna in bags influence the production, isotopic composition, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content of the EMM. Cylindrical in-growth mesh bags (2- or 5-cm-diameter; with or without openings - (1 or 2 mm), allowing faunal colonization or not) were harvested 37, 48, 81 and 283 days after installation in July and the EMM biomass was determined from elemental analyses of the extractable amount of mycelia. The occurrence of openings allowed animals to invade the bags but this did not affect the amount of EMM. We suggest further studies in this matter since the number of animals was low and variable. In the first harvest, mycelial biomass C was three times greater in 2-cm than in 5-cm-bags. After 81 days, mycelial biomass C was 54% greater in the 2-cm (54 kg ha(-1)) than in the 5-cm bags (35 kg ha(-1)). While total mycelial C did not change over winter, N content increased suggesting a role for the EMM in the storage of N from autumn to spring. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 of the EMM changed between the first three harvests. We hypothesize these changes to be mainly driven by changes in plant C and N sinks. The relation between the isotopic composition of sporocarp exploration type, plant roots and EMM is discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Persson, Anna S., et al.
(författare)
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Biologisk mångfald i urbana miljöer : förutsättningar, fördelar och förvaltning
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den ökande urbaniseringen leder till att städer breder ut sig över om-givande landskap, med förlust av jordbruksmark och naturmiljöer som följd. Ambitionen att städer inte skall breda ut sig leder istället till att kvarvarande naturliga, obebyggda och övergivna miljöer inom städer får stryka på foten till förmån för förtätad bebyggelse och infrastruktur. Urbaniseringen går på så sätt ut över biologisk mångfald, vilket hotar både skyddsvärda arter och de ekosystemtjänster som gynnar människors välbefinnande. Att bevara, skapa och sköta naturmiljöer i städer kan vara ett effektivt sätt att förvalta både urban biologisk mångfald och eko-systemtjänster.Biologisk mångfald bör ses som något föränderligt som påverkas av såväl den lokala miljöns kvalitet som av ekologiska processer på större skalor i tid och rum. Att gynna biologisk mångfald handlar därför om att bevara och sköta befintliga värdefulla miljöer, samt om att skapa ett varierande nätverk av dessa miljöer med t.ex. parker, industritomter och infrastruktur.Rapporten beskriver hur väl underbyggda landskapsekologiska teorier om fragmentering och konnektivitet kan användas för att bättre införliva frågor om urban biologisk mångfald i en långsiktig stadsplanering och visar genom exempel på åtgärder hur detta kan genomföras i praktiken.
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| 8. |
- Pomeroy, Jeremy, et al.
(författare)
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Metabolic risk-factor profiles in infants in relation to those of their mothers during pregnancy
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Maternal characteristics during pregnancy such as BMI, weight gain, and glucose tolerance have been associated with anthropometric traits in their offspring. Here we extend these observations looking at the associations between maternal body composition, weight gain by trimester, and glucose tolerance and anthropometrics in their infants. Materials and methods Participants were 31 (16 female) singleton babies and their mothers (aged 25-35 yrs) in the eastern area of the county of Västerbotten in Sweden. Maternal weight was measured at gestational weeks 10-12, 28-32, and 37-41. Maternal body composition was assessed using isotope dilution and gestational glucose tolerance was assessed with a 2-hour, 75-gram oral glucose challenge at 28-32 weeks gestation. Infant body composition was assessed at 11-19 weeks of age using air- displacement plethysmography. The relationships between maternal and infant variables were assessed with Spearman correlations. Results Mid-pregnancy weight gain was significantly positively related to fat mass (r=0.41, p= 0.022) but not fat-free mass whereas late-pregnancy weight gain was significantly positively related to infant fat-free mass (r=0.37, p=0.04) but not fat mass. Maternal weight, body composition, or glucose tolerance was not significantly related to infant body composition. Early infancy growth (weight-for-length growth z-score) from 0 to 4 months was significantly related to infant percent fat (r=0.48, p=0.006). Gestational weight gain by trimester is differently related to body composition assessed in early infancy. Additionally, greater early infancy growth is associated with higher percent fat at 4 months of age. Both of these findings might identify targets for interventions conducted in pregnancy and during early life.
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| 9. |
- Simanova, Anna A., 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for ligand hydrolysis and Fe(III) reduction in the dissolution of Goethite by desferrioxamine-B
- 2010
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Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 74:23, s. 6704-6720
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Desferrioxamine-B (DFOB) is a bacterial trihydroxamate siderophore and probably the most studied to date. However, the manner in which DFOB adsorbs at mineral surfaces and promotes dissolution is still under discussion. Here we investigated the adsorption and dissolution reactions in the goethite–DFOB system using both in situ infrared spectroscopic and quantitative analytical methods. Experiments were carried out at a total DFOB concentration of 1 μmol/m2, at pH 6, and in the absence of visible light. Our infrared spectroscopic results indicated that the adsorption of DFOB was nearly complete after a 4-h reaction time. In an attempt to determine the coordination mode at the goethite surface, we compared the spectrum of adsorbed DFOB after a 4-h reaction time to the spectra of model aqueous species. However, this approach proved too simplistic in the case of such a complex ligand as DFOB, and we suggest that a more detailed investigation (IR in D2O, EXAFS of adsorbed model complexes) is needed to elucidate the structure of the adsorbed siderophore. Between a 4-hand 4-day reaction time, we observed the growth of carboxylate stretching bands at 1548 and 1404 cm-1, which are indicators of DFOB hydrolysis. Acetate, a product of DFOB hydrolysis at its terminal hydroxamate group, was quantified by ion chromatography. Its rate of formation was linear and nearly the same as the rate of Fe(III) dissolution. The larger hydrolysis product, a hydroxylamine fragment, was not detected by LC–MS. However, a signal due to the oxidized form of this fragment, a nitroso compound, was found to increase linearly with time, which is an indirect indication for Fe(III) reduction. Based on these findings, we propose that DFOB undergoes metal-enhanced hydrolysis at the mineral surface followed by the reduction of surface Fe(III). While Fe(II) was not detected in solution, this is likely because it remains adsorbed at the goethite surface or becomes buried in the goethite crystal by electron conduction. Taking into account the extent and similarity between the rates of hydrolysis and dissolution, we suggest that a reductive mechanism could play an important part in the dissolution of goethite by DFOB. This possibility has not been considered previously in the absence of light and at circumneutral pH.
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| 10. |
- Simanova, Anna A., et al.
(författare)
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Formation of ternary metal-oxalate surface complexes on alpha-FeOOH particles
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - Washington DC : American Chemical Society. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 115:43, s. 21191-21198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Processes at the aqueous interfaces of metal (hydr)oxide particles greatly influence the mobility, bioavailability, and reactivity of metal ions and ligands. Here we investigated the time-dependent reactions of oxalate or Me(C(2)O(4))(3)(3-) (Me = Fe(III), Al(III), Ga(III), Co(III)) with goethite in aqueous suspension at pH 4 using attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The data indicate four coordination modes for oxalate and Fe(C(2)O(4))(3)(3-) adsorbed at the goethite surface: (1) outer-spherically with a hydration shell similar to aqueous ligand; (2) outer-spherically but hydrogen bonded to a surface site; (3) inner-spherically to surface iron; (4) inner-spherically within a ternary type A surface complex. In the presence of oxalate, the two outer-sphere complexes form rapidly, but with time these species are partially consumed and the ternary inner-sphere complex is formed as a result of a dissolution-readsorption process. We propose that iron in these ternary complexes is more labile than iron that is mostly embedded in the lattice. Thus, ternary complexation may play an important role in iron bioavailabilty in the environment. For goethite reacted with Al(C(2)O(4))(3)(3-) or Ga(C(2)O(4))(3)(3-), these four surface complexes are accompanied by an additional Al(III) or Ga(III) ternary oxalate surface complex.
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