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- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory and coagulatory markers and exposure to different size fractions of particle mass, number and surface area air concentrations in the Swedish hard metal industry, in particular to cobalt
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomarkers. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1354-750X .- 1366-5804. ; 26:6, s. 557-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To study the relationship between inhalation of airborne particles and cobalt in the Swedish hard metal industry and markers of inflammation and coagulation in blood.Methods: Personal sampling of inhalable cobalt and dust were performed for subjects in two Swedish hard metal plants. Stationary measurements were used to study concentrations of inhalable, respirable, and total dust and cobalt, PM10 and PM2.5, the particle surface area and the particle number concentrations. The inflammatory markers CC16, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, SAA and CRP, and the coagulatory markers FVIII, vWF, fibrinogen, PAI-1 and D-dimer were measured. A complete sampling was performed on the second or third day of a working week following a work-free weekend, and additional sampling was taken on the fourth or fifth day. The mixed model analysis was used, including covariates.Results: The average air concentration of inhalable dust and cobalt were 0.11 mg/m3 and 0.003 mg/m3, respectively. For some mass-based exposure measures of cobalt and total dust, statistically significant increased levels of FVIII, vWF and CC16 were found.Conclusions: The observed relationships between particle exposure and coagulatory biomarkers may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory Health and Inflammatory Markers : Exposure to Cobalt in the Swedish Hard Metal Industry
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 62:10, s. 820-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between inhalable dust and cobalt and respiratory symptoms, lung function, exhaled nitric oxide in expired air and CC16 in the Swedish hard metal industry.METHODS: Personal sampling of inhalable dust and cobalt, medical examination including blood sampling was performed for 72 workers. Exposure-response relationships was determined using logistic, linear and mixed model analysis.RESULTS: The average inhalable dust and cobalt concentrations were 0.079 and 0.0017 mg/m, respectively. Statistically significant increased serum levels of CC16 were determined when the high and low cumulative exposures for cobalt were compared. Non-significant exposure-response relationships was observed between cross-shift inhalable dust or cobalt exposures and asthma, nose dripping and bronchitis.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an exposure-response relationship between inhalable cumulative cobalt exposure and CC16 levels in blood, which may reflect an injury or a reparation process in the lungs.
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| 3. |
- Barow, Thomas, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Inclusive Education im Vereinigten Königreich und in Skandinavien
- 2022
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Ingår i: Handbuch Inklusion und Sonderpädagogik. - Bad Heilbrunn : Verlag Julius Klinkhardt. - 9783825288044 ; , s. 194-198
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ausgehend von der Etablierung des Inklusionsbegriffs in den 1990er Jahren beschreibt der Beitrag die national geprägten politischen und gesetzlichen Grundlagen inklusiver Bildung im Vereinigten Königreich und in Skandinavien. Die sonderpädagogischen Förderquoten werden dargelegt und ausgewählte Ergebnisse empirischer Forschung präsentiert. Die Verfasser problematisieren die uneinheitliche Definition von Inklusion und das Verhältnis von Inclusive Education zu Bildungs-systemen, die durch Marktorientierung und Wahlfreiheit charakterisiert sind. Hierbei kommt es zu paradoxalen Entwicklungen in Form einer Diagnose- bzw. Behandlungskultur und einer Renaissance gesonderter Unterrichtung. Diese widersprüchlichen Tendenzen bilden zugleich die zentralen Herausforderungen zukünftiger Schulentwicklung.
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| 4. |
- Johansson, Bengt, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Vatten- och avloppsinstallationer : en kunskapssammanställning
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna kunskapssammanställning om vatten- och avloppsinstallationer i Sverige kan ge en bred och korrekt förståelse om branschens aktörer, vilka regler som tillämpas, var det finns kunskap och vilka utvecklingsbehov som behöver stödjas. Några viktiga punkter är:Legionella – finns i tappvattensystem och orsakar ohälsa. Begränsning av risker behöver utredas vidare inte mot bakgrund av risker med förväntade högre temperaturer och önskemål om att ta fram system för med lägre energiförbrukning för varmvatten. Risk för legionella i kallvatten finns också.Utformning och placering av rörkopplingar – har stor betydelse för beständighet hos installationer och möjlighet att upptäcka och hantera läckage. Regler och vägledningar som utvecklats över tid har möjliggjort den goda standarden på vatten- och avloppsinstallationer vi har idag.Dimensionering av system – komponenter och flöden samverkar i samma system. Därför finns risker om en komponent eller ett delsystem optimeras av något skäl utan att konsekvenserna för hela förstås. Spillvattensystem är t.ex. beroende av flöden för tappdricksvatten.Det är viktigt att ta med sig förvärvade kunskaper och lärdomar för att undvika problem som tidigare visats sig vara kostsamma. Det gäller i synnerhet för system som installeras dolt, och som förväntas ha en livslängd på flera decennier.Ett regelverk som tar hänsyn till de problem som har lösts genom åren, och som ger goda förutsättningar att förebygga framtida problem, kommer att gynna den som bor eller vistas i byggnaden, den som äger byggnaden, den som bygger eller installerar, den som levererar byggprodukterna och den som försäkrar byggnaden. Det är även bra ur ett hållbarhetsperspektiv, eftersom lång problemfri livslängd oftast minskar miljöbelastningen.
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| 5. |
- van Dishoeck, E. F., et al.
(författare)
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Water in star-forming regions: Physics and chemistry from clouds to disks as probed by Herschel spectroscopy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 648
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. Water is a key molecule in the physics and chemistry of star and planet formation, but it is difficult to observe from Earth. The Herschel Space Observatory provided unprecedented sensitivity as well as spatial and spectral resolution to study water. The Water In Star-forming regions with Herschel (WISH) key program was designed to observe water in a wide range of environments and provide a legacy data set to address its physics and chemistry. Aims. The aim of WISH is to determine which physical components are traced by the gas-phase water lines observed with Herschel and to quantify the excitation conditions and water abundances in each of these components. This then provides insight into how and where the bulk of the water is formed in space and how it is transported from clouds to disks, and ultimately comets and planets. Methods. Data and results from WISH are summarized together with those from related open time programs. WISH targeted ∼80 sources along the two axes of luminosity and evolutionary stage: from low- to high-mass protostars (luminosities from <1 to > 10Lpdbl) and from pre-stellar cores to protoplanetary disks. Lines of H2O and its isotopologs, HDO, OH, CO, and [O I], were observed with the HIFI and PACS instruments, complemented by other chemically-related molecules that are probes of ultraviolet, X-ray, or grain chemistry. The analysis consists of coupling the physical structure of the sources with simple chemical networks and using non-LTE radiative transfer calculations to directly compare models and observations. Results. Most of the far-infrared water emission observed with Herschel in star-forming regions originates from warm outflowing and shocked gas at a high density and temperature (> 10cm-3, 300-1000 K, v ∼ 25 km s-1), heated by kinetic energy dissipation. This gas is not probed by single-dish low-J CO lines, but only by CO lines with Jup > 14. The emission is compact, with at least two different types of velocity components seen. Water is a significant, but not dominant, coolant of warm gas in the earliest protostellar stages. The warm gas water abundance is universally low: orders of magnitude below the H2O/H2 abundance of 4 × 10-4 expected if all volatile oxygen is locked in water. In cold pre-stellar cores and outer protostellar envelopes, the water abundance structure is uniquely probed on scales much smaller than the beam through velocity-resolved line profiles. The inferred gaseous water abundance decreases with depth into the cloud with an enhanced layer at the edge due to photodesorption of water ice. All of these conclusions hold irrespective of protostellar luminosity. For low-mass protostars, a constant gaseous HDO/H2O ratio of ∼0.025 with position into the cold envelope is found. This value is representative of the outermost photodesorbed ice layers and cold gas-phase chemistry, and much higher than that of bulk ice. In contrast, the gas-phase NH3 abundance stays constant as a function of position in low-mass pre- and protostellar cores. Water abundances in the inner hot cores are high, but with variations from 5 × 10-6 to a few × 10-4 for low- and high-mass sources. Water vapor emission from both young and mature disks is weak. Conclusions. The main chemical pathways of water at each of the star-formation stages have been identified and quantified. Low warm water abundances can be explained with shock models that include UV radiation to dissociate water and modify the shock structure. UV fields up to 102-10times the general interstellar radiation field are inferred in the outflow cavity walls on scales of the Herschel beam from various hydrides. Both high temperature chemistry and ice sputtering contribute to the gaseous water abundance at low velocities, with only gas-phase (re-)formation producing water at high velocities. Combined analyses of water gas and ice show that up to 50% of the oxygen budget may be missing. In cold clouds, an elegant solution is that this apparently missing oxygen is locked up in larger μm-sized grains that do not contribute to infrared ice absorption. The fact that even warm outflows and hot cores do not show H2O at full oxygen abundance points to an unidentified refractory component, which is also found in diffuse clouds. The weak water vapor emission from disks indicates that water ice is locked up in larger pebbles early on in the embedded Class I stage and that these pebbles have settled and drifted inward by the Class II stage. Water is transported from clouds to disks mostly as ice, with no evidence for strong accretion shocks. Even at abundances that are somewhat lower than expected, many oceans of water are likely present in planet-forming regions. Based on the lessons for galactic protostars, the low-J H2O line emission (Eup < 300 K) observed in extragalactic sources is inferred to be predominantly collisionally excited and to originate mostly from compact regions of current star formation activity. Recommendations for future mid- to far-infrared missions are made.
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