| 1. |
- Persson, Bertil R, et al.
(författare)
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Chapter 3 Electro Dosimetry : Electro-Pulse-Enhanced-Chemo-Therapy In treatment of malignant tumours
- 2018
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Ingår i: Electro-Pulse-Enhanced-Chemo-Therapy In treatment of malignant tumours : Chapter 3 Electro Dosimetry - Chapter 3 Electro Dosimetry. - 1651-5013. ; 2018-002
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Externa elektriska fält som appliceras på biologiska material interagerar direkt med fria elektriska laddningar som elektroner och joner samt jongrupper i större molekyler. De interagerar också med dipoler såsom vatten och inducerar dipoler i molekyler med polariserbara grupper. Cellmembranerna verkar vara det kritiska målet för interaktion som orsakar intra-molekylära övergångar och intermolekylära processer som leder till strukturell omorganisering av cellmembranen.Att tillämpa högspänningsimpulser på celler i kulturer eller i vävnad orsakar olika grader av strukturella omorganisationer i cellmembranen, vilket kan sluta med en dielektrisk kollaps eller nedbrytning. Detta tillstånd kallas antingen elektroporation eller elektropermeabilisering och kan vara reversibel eller irreversibel beroende på egenskaperna hos applicerade spänningsimpulser (Zimmermann et al., 1974).I ett sådant övergående tillstånd blir membranet permeabelt för molekyler som normalt inte passerar denna barriär in i cellens cytoplasma. Detta tillstånd kan användas för direkt överföring av gener, andra nukleinsyror, proteiner och andra molekyler till celler och mikroorganismer. En annan möjlighet är att grannceller med membran i övergående tillstånd kan smälta samman och bilda en ny jättecell. Dessa egenskaper hos membran i övergående tillstånd har lett till elektriska fältpulsteknik som ökar betydelsen i cell- och molekylärbiologi, i genteknik och i olika medicinska terapeutiska förfaranden (Neumann, 1992, Neumann et al., 1989).Användning av pulser av högspänning till celler i kulturer eller i vävnad orsakar olika grader av strukturella omorganisationer i cellmembranen, vilket kan sluta med en dielektrisk kollaps eller nedbrytning. I ett sådant övergående tillstånd ökar membranledningsförmågan Gm = 1 / Rm och membranet blir genomträngligt för molekyler som normalt inte passerar denna barriär in i cellens cytoplasma.De fysikaliska parametrar som orsakar dessa effekter är fältstyrkan hos det applicerade elektriska fältet och exponeringstidpunkten och den involverade biofysiska parametern är den elektriska ledningsförmågan hos den exponerade vävnaden. Dessa parametrar förenas i mängden specifik absorberad energi i vävnaden, vilken är den mängd som används inom joniserande strålningsområdet. På området icke-joniserande strålning används emellertid specifik absorberad effekthastighet SAR (W / kg) (Dimbylow, 1991, Garn och Gabriel, 1995). Men i Electro Enhanced Therapy är behandlingstiden viktig för resultatet och således bör den specifika absorberade energin SAE eller sW (J/kg) användas som en kvantitet elektrodosimetri.
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| 2. |
- Persson, Bertil R, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Studies of EpECT with Bleomycin or Cis-Platin
- 2018
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Ingår i: Electro-Pulse-Enhanced-Chemo-Therapy. - 1651-5013. ; 2018, s. 1-1
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years several authors have reviewed the clinical results of Electro Enhanced Chemotherapy: • Electro-chemotherapy for primary skin cancer and skin metastasis related to other malignancies (Reinhold, 2011). • Utility of electro-chemotherapy in melanoma treatment (Testori et al., 2012).• Antitumor effectiveness of electro-chemotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis (Mali et al., 2013).• Electro-chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: A Review of References (Schmidt et al., 2014).• Treatments of advanced basal cell carcinoma: a review of the literature" (Peris et al., 2016).• Treatment efficacy with electro-chemotherapy: A multi-institutional prospective observational study on 376 patients with superficial tumours"(Campana et al., 2016b).• Basal cell carcinoma: 10-year experience with electro-chemotherapy (Campana et al., 2017b).• Electro-chemotherapy in Breast Cancer - Discussion of the Method and Literature Review (Wichtowski et al., 2017). The treatment results are in most cases reported in terms of following quantities where the fractional response = (No. cases with the actual response / Total No. Cases) CR = Complete response; PR = partial response; SD = stable disease; PD = progressive disease; OR = objective response; CR = fractional complete response; PR = fractional partial response; SD = fractional stable disease; PD = fractional progressive disease; OR = fractional objective responseUsually the sum of complete and partial responses called Objective Response (OR = CR + PR) is used as a general quantity for the response of the treatment in question without considering the responses of stable and progress disease.In order to be able unify all four quantities into a quantity which consider the total response a quantity named “fractional weighting response”, WR is defined as follow:In order to estimate the response considering all four response quantities a quantity named “fractional weighted response”, WR is defined as follow:WR = (3OR + 1PR + 0SD - 3PR)/3;The following sections summarize the published responses of clinical electro-chemotherapy for each specific type of tumour, and estimate the fractional weighting response from the data of each published report.
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| 3. |
- Persson, Bertil R, et al.
(författare)
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Radioactivity Exploration from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Part 1: Introduction
- 2015
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Ingår i: Radioactivity Exploration from the Arctic to the Antarctic.. - 1651-5013. ; 2015-002, s. 1-4
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book is dedicated to professor emeritus Bengt Forkman (Nuclear Physics, Lund University) who in 1979 took the initiative to arrange an environmental radioactivity research program for the Ymer-80 expedition. He engaged his old friend Bertil Persson whom he during the 1960th inspired to university studies in Lund who just been promoted to professor of Radioecology at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala. Bertil Persson was tutor for Elis Holm at Lund University, who for his thesis was engaged in radiochemical analysis of plutonium isotopes in the environment. Elis Holm became deeply involved in management of Ymer-80 and all the following expeditions as well. We found a superior talent for the logistics in Kjell-Åke Carlsson (who was mechanical engineer at the department of radiation physics at Lund University). Without him, we would not have been able to solve all the thousands of practical issues and contacts with authorities and sponsors. He also contributed with the diaries extensive photographic and video documentation of all the expeditions. We have together compiled this book although several others were partly engaged in the various expeditions to whom we are deeply thankful for their contributions. They will appear as contributors in the separate parts of this book: 1. Ymer-80 (Bengt Forkman, Boel Forkman, Lars Ahlgren (diseased) 2. Swedarp 1988-1989 (Per Roos, Birgitta Roos) 3. Arctic Ocean 1991 4. Tundra Expedition 5. Arctic Ocean 1996 (Dan Josefsson, Mats Ericsson)
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| 4. |
- Henricsson, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Polonium-210 in the bio-sphere : Bio-kinetics and biological effects
- 2012
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Ingår i: Radionuclides : Sources, Properties and Hazards - Sources, Properties and Hazards. - 9781619427488 ; , s. 33-60
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polonium-210 is an alpha particle emitting radioactive element with a half-life of 138 days. It appears at the end of the decay-chain of Uranium-238 where the long lived Lead-210 (22.3 a) decays to Bismuth-210, and finally Polonium-210. 210Po is introduced into the biosphere through various routes of terrestrial and marine radioecological pathways. The level of 210Po activity in drinking water (5 Bq.kg-1) and in most common food items of terrestrial origin are usually low (0.04-0.1 Bq.kg-1 wet mass) and considered to be without concerns for human health. In some terrestrial food items such as reindeer and caribou, high 210Po levels (10 Bq.kg-1 wet mass) are due to their habit of grazing lichens (250 Bq.kg-1 dry weight). The food chain lichen-reindeer and man in arctic and sub-arctic regions is a unique pathway of 210Po to man. The enhancement of 210Po concentrations is also very pronounced in marine organisms feeding upon phytoplankton at the base of the food chain. Fish and seafood therefore have high activity concentrations of 210Po (2-15 Bq.kg-1). The daily dietary intakes of 210Po vary widely around the world with an estimated average median of about 160mBq.day-1. That corresponds to annual effective doses of about 70μSv.a-1 for 210Po. Populations mainly living on reindeer meat or marine food have a 5-10 fold higher annual effective doses. High activity concentrations (13 ± 3 Bq.kg-1) of Po-210 and Pb-210 are found in tobacco and its products. The annual effective radiation dose from 210Po for the whole body of a smoker who smokes 20 cigarettes per day has been estimated to 400μSv.a-1. The concentrations of 210Po in the air-ways and the lung tissues caused by smoking of tobacco contributes to a high radiation adsorbed dose to the respiratory epithelium, which contribute to the increased incidence of lung cancer observed among smokers, In December of 2006, former Russian intelligence operative Alexander Litvinenko died by what proved to be ingestion of polonium-210. This incident brought with it an increased interest of the bio-kinetics and radio-toxicity of 210Po. Alpha particles have a greater relative biological effectiveness (RBE) than gamma and X-rays considering cancer induction. But there are still no significant proofs in terms of increased risk in humans of in vivo bystander effects of 210Po alpha particle radiation. More work has to been done in studying RBE and the mechanism of the bystander effect and its relevance to cancer induction in man.
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| 5. |
- Persson, Bertil R.R., et al.
(författare)
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Radioecological modelling of Polonium-210 and Caesium-137 in lichen-reindeer-man and top predators
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0265-931X .- 1879-1700. ; 186, s. 54-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work deals with analysis and modelling of the radionuclides 210Pb and210Po in the food-chain lichen-reindeer-man in addition to 210Po and 137Cs in top predators. By using the methods of Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) the atmospheric deposition of 210Pb and 210Po is predicted at the sample locations. Dynamic modelling of the activity concentration with differential equations is fitted to the sample data. Reindeer lichen consumption, gastrointestinal absorption, organ distribution and elimination is derived from information in the literature. Dynamic modelling of transfer of 210Pb and 210Po to reindeer meat, liver and bone from lichen consumption, fitted well with data from Sweden and Finland from 1966 to 1971. The activity concentration of 210Pb in the skeleton in man is modelled by using the results of studying the kinetics of lead in skeleton and blood in lead-workers after end of occupational exposure. The result of modelling 210Pb and 210Po activity in skeleton matched well with concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in teeth from reindeer-breeders and autopsy bone samples in Finland.The results of 210Po and 137Cs in different tissues of wolf, wolverine and lynx previously published, are analysed with multivariate data processing methods such as Principal Component Analysis PCA, and modelled with the method of Projection to Latent Structures, PLS, or Partial Least Square Regression PLSR.
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| 6. |
- Al-Qaradawi, Ilham, et al.
(författare)
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Radioactivity levels in the marine environment along the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Qatar.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-3363 .- 0025-326X. ; 90:1-2, s. 323-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study on (137)Cs, (40)K, (226)Ra, (228)Ra, and (238)U was carried out along the EEZ of Qatar. Results serve as the first ever baseline data. The level of (137)Cs (mean value 1.6±0.4Bqm(-3)) in water filters was found to be in the same order of magnitude as reported by others in worldwide marine radioactivity studies. Results are also in agreement with values reported from other Gulf regions. The computed values of sediment-water distribution coefficients Kd, are lower than the values given by IAEA. Measurements were carried out for bottom sediments, biota samples like fish, oyster, sponge, seashell, mangrove, crab, shrimp, starfish, dugong and algae. The 'concentration factors' reported for biota samples are below the levels published by IAEA and cause no significant impact on human health for seafood consumers in Qatar.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ceberg, Crister, et al.
(författare)
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Photon activation therapy of RG2 glioma carrying Fischer rats using stable thallium and monochromatic synchrotron radiation.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 1361-6560 .- 0031-9155. ; 57:24, s. 8377-8391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 75 RG2 glioma-carrying Fischer rats were treated by photon activation therapy (PAT) with monochromatic synchrotron radiation and stable thallium. Three groups were treated with thallium in combination with radiation at different energy; immediately below and above the thallium K-edge, and at 50 keV. Three control groups were given irradiation only, thallium only, or no treatment at all. For animals receiving thallium in combination with radiation to 15 Gy at 50 keV, the median survival time was 30 days, which was 67% longer than for the untreated controls (p = 0.0020) and 36% longer than for the group treated with radiation alone (not significant). Treatment with thallium and radiation at the higher energy levels were not effective at the given absorbed dose and thallium concentration. In the groups treated at 50 keV and above the K-edge, several animals exhibited extensive and sometimes contra-lateral edema, neuronal death and frank tissue necrosis. No such marked changes were seen in the other groups. The results were discussed with reference to Monte Carlo calculated electron energy spectra and dose enhancement factors.
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| 9. |
- Danielsson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Test of an empirical method for ozone detection in the stratosphere using two filtered broadband UV-meters
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Scientiarum Lundensia. - 1651-5013. ; 2013:003, s. 1-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe a simple method to detect significant changes of the total ozone column from global (diffuse and direct) zenith sky measurements taken at the Earth’s surface. The calculation of the total ozone column relies on measured irradiance at two wavelengths in the ultra violet part of the solar spectrum. One of these (i.e. 306 nm) are appreciable absorbed by ozone whereas the other (i.e. 360 nm) is not. The method provides measurements for clear as well as for cloudy sky conditions. The natural logarithm of the irradiance ratio at the two wavelengths, corrected for solar elevation dependence, is assumed to be proportional to the amount of ozone in the atmospheric column. It is assumed that the two wavelengths have same properties in the atmosphere excluding the impact of ozone. Therefore variations in atmospheric conditions should cancel out in the ratio. We found a strong correlation between our calculated quantity and ozone measurements at The Danish Meteorological Institute, DMI, Copenhagen, Denmark, which is approximately 30 km away from the measuring site. The correlation coefficient, R, from linear regression had the value 0.90, and the standard deviation, Sres, for the residuals were 10.6 DU (Dobson Units), and the mean value was 322 DU, obtained from every day point measurements during the Swedish summer, total 67 days.
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| 10. |
- Dock, H., et al.
(författare)
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Maintenance of the E.coli dcm Methylation of the CMV Promoter, in Contrast to Hypomethylation of the Recognition Sequence of Transcription Factor NFkB in Transfected GBM Cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Cloning & Transgenesis. - : OMICS Publishing Group. - 2168-9849. ; 5:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoter has been extensively used to drive target gene expression in transgenic mammalian cells. DNA methylation of the CMV promoter has been shown to be the reason for a reduced promoter activity and silencing of the target gene. We have established an in vitro model system, in which human brain cancer cells (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM) were transfected with pAdTrack-CMV-GFP plasmid, isolated from a dcm positive (dcm+) E. coli strain. We found that in two CCTGG sequences located at position from -304 to -300 nt and from -497 to -493 nt of the CMV promoter region, the internal C was methylated in all analyzed clones, i.e., the E. coli dcm methylation pattern is maintained in the CMV promoter region after its integration into the human genome. In contrast, we found that the recognition sites for the transcription factor NFkB and certain other transcription factors in the enhancer region of the CMV promoter (from -107 to -270 nt) were hypomethylated. This might explain why the CMV promoter maintained an active mode, driving the GFP expression despite the demonstrated methylation of the CMV promoter. We noticed that the CCTGG sequence is also contained in the binding sequence motif of transcription factor NFkB. Hence we have comprehensively studied transcription factors through a database searching, and the responsive elements that contain dcm methylation sequences CCW(A/T)GG. A list of transcription factors and the corresponding regulated genes are presented.
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