| 1. |
- Adamsson Eryd, Samuel, et al.
(författare)
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Carotid intima-media thickness is associated with incidence of hospitalized atrial fibrillation.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 233:2, s. 673-678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a measure of arterial thickening and a risk predictor for myocardial infarction and stroke. It is unclear whether IMT also predicts atrial fibrillation (AF). We explored the association between IMT and incidence of first AF hospitalization in a population-based cohort.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bergendal, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and venous thromboembolism in women
- 2013
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Ingår i: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety. - : Wiley. - 1053-8569 .- 1099-1557. ; 22:6, s. 658-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) might increase the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and risks might differ by type of NSAID. Compared with men, women have a higher incidence of VTE at younger age, and they more often use NSAIDs. Objectives To assess risks of VTE in young and middle-aged women in association with use of NSAIDs. Patients/Methods In a nationwide case-control study (Thrombo Embolism Hormone Study) performed in Sweden 2003-2009, we included as cases 1433 women, 18 to 64years of age with a first time VTE. Controls were 1402 randomly selected women, frequency matched by age. Information was obtained by telephone interviews and DNA analyses of blood samples. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusting for degree of immobilization, chronic disease, smoking, body mass index, use of hormonal contraception, hormone therapy or other NSAIDs. Results Use of NSAIDs was not associated with increased risks of VTE (OR=0.98, 95% CI 0.80-1.19). The OR was 0.88 for propionic acid derivatives (95% CI 0.72-1.10), 1.18 for acetic acid derivatives (95% CI 0.82-1.70) and 1.76 for coxibs (95% CI 0.73-4.27). For users of acetic acid derivatives and coxibs, the ORs increased by cumulative dose. Carriership of the prothrombin gene mutation or factor V Leiden had only minor effects on the results. Conclusions We found no increased risks of VTE in association with use of NSAIDs. Users of high cumulative doses of acetic acid derivatives and coxibs had the highest risks, suggesting a relationship with cyclooxygenase selectivity and dose.
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| 4. |
- Bergendal, Annica, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for venous thromboembolism in pre- and postmenopausal women
- 2012
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Ingår i: Thrombosis Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0049-3848 .- 1879-2472. ; 130:4, s. 596-601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionHemostasis in women is affected by changes of estrogen levels. The role of endogenous estrogens on risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of acquired and genetic risk factors for VTE in pre-and postmenopausal women.MethodIn a nationwide case–control study we included as cases 1470 women, 18 to 64 years of age with a first time VTE. The 1590 controls were randomly selected and matched by age to the cases. Information on risk factors was obtained by interviews and DNA-analyses. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsThe ORs were generally of similar magnitude in pre- and postmenopausal women. The highest risk was for the combination of surgery and cast (adjusted OR 54.12, 95% CI 16.62-176.19) in postmenopausal women. The adjusted OR for use of menopausal hormone therapy was 3.73 (95% CI 1.86-7.50) in premenopausal and 2.22 (95% CI 1.54-3.19) in postmenopausal women. Overweight was linked to an increased risk and exercise to a decreased risk, regardless of menopausal status.ConclusionMenopausal status had only minor influence on the risk levels. Acquired transient risk factors conveyed the highest risks for VTE.
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| 5. |
- Borné, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Cadmium Exposure and Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus - Results from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Cadmium is a pollutant with multiple adverse health effects: renal dysfunction, osteoporosis and fractures, cancer, and probably cardiovascular disease. Some studies have reported associations between cadmium and impaired fasting glucose and diabetes. However, this relationship is controversial and there is a lack of longitudinal studies. Objectives: To examine prospectively whether cadmium in blood is associated with incidence of diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study population consists of 4585 subjects without history of diabetes (aged 46 to 67 years, 60% women), who participated in the Malmo Diet and Cancer study during 1991-1994. Blood cadmium levels were estimated from hematocrit and cadmium concentrations in erythrocytes. Incident cases of diabetes were identified from national and local diabetes registers. Results: Cadmium concentrations in blood were not associated with blood glucose and insulin levels at the baseline examination. However, cadmium was positively associated with HbA1c in former smokers and current smokers. During a mean follow-up of 15.2 +/- 4.2 years, 622 (299 men and 323 women) were diagnosed with new-onset of diabetes. The incidence of diabetes was not significantly associated with blood cadmium level at baseline, neither in men or women. The hazard ratio (4th vs 1st quartile) was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.82-1.49), when adjusted for potential confounders. Conclusions: Elevated blood cadmium levels are not associated with increased incidence of diabetes. The positive association between HbA1c and blood cadmium levels has a likely explanation in mechanisms related to erythrocyte turnover and smoking.
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| 6. |
- De Basso, Rachel, et al.
(författare)
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Increased carotid plaque burden in men with the fibrillin-1 2/3 genotype
- 2014
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Ingår i: Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. - : Wiley. - 1440-1681 .- 0305-1870. ; 41:9, s. 637-642
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) is an important constituent of the vascular wall and earlier studies have indicated an effect of the FBN1 2/3 genotype on blood pressure as well as aortic stiffness in men. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the FBN1 2/3 genotype was associated with the presence of carotid plaque and incident cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in middle-aged subjects. The FBN1 genotype was characterized in 5765 subjects (2424 men, 3341 women; age 45-69years) recruited from the Malmo Diet and Cancer Study Cardiovascular Cohort, Sweden. Plaque occurrence and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery were assessed by ultrasound. The incidence of first cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction and stroke) and cause-specific mortality were monitored over a mean follow-up period of 13.2years. The most common FBN1 genotypes were 2/2, 2/3 and 2/4, which accounted for 92.2% (n=5317) of subjects. There were no differences between the three genotypes regarding age, blood pressure, glucose, lipids, smoking habits, common carotid artery diameter and intima-media thickness in men and women. The presence of plaque in the carotid artery was higher in men with the 2/3 genotype compared with the 2/2 and 2/4 genotypes (55% vs 46% and 50%, respectively; P=0.007). No similar differences were observed in women. No significant relationship was observed between FBN1 genotypes and the incidence of cardiovascular disease or all-cause mortality. The increased prevalence of plaque in the carotid artery of middle-aged men with the FBN1 2/3 genotype indicates pathological arterial wall remodelling with a more pronounced atherosclerotic burden.
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| 7. |
- Englund, Oskar, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Oil Palm for Biodiesel in Brazil: Potentials and Trade-offs
- 2014
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Ingår i: World Bioenergy 2014 Proceedings. - 9789197762489 ; , s. 140-148
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oil palm is a land efficient feedstock alternative for biodiesel production and can be a very profitable alternative for farmers. In this study, a spatially explicit model is used to: (i) map and quantify areas in Brazil where oil palm establishment for biodiesel production would be profitable (positive net present value, NPV) in different future scenarios; (ii) estimate corresponding biodiesel production volumes and analyze trade-offs between such biodiesel production, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and nature conservation; and (iii) investigate whether pricing of carbon emissions from land use change might help to steer oil palm production away from lands where conversion would bring the largest impacts on biodiversity or ecosystem carbon stocks. The scenarios include oil, coal, and carbon price pathways from the IEA World Energy Outlook and both the present and prospective situations concerning road infrastructure in Brazil. It is found that palm oil production for biodiesel can be profitable (positive NPV) on very large areas; that such production can conflict with greenhouse gas emissions reduction and nature conservation objectives in many places, but also provide opportunities to meet multiple objectives. Depending on scenario, some 65-80 Mha of land could support biodiesel production corresponding to more than 10% of the global diesel demand, without causing any direct land use change emissions and without inflicting on high conservation value areas.
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| 9. |
- Erlöv, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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A robust and fast method for arterial lumen diameter and intima-media thickness measurements
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2012 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS). - 9781467345613 - 9781467345620 ; , s. 1678-1681
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lumen diameter, distension and intima-media thickness (IMT) in human arteries are important parameters in cardiovascular research. The signal reflected from the arterial wall strongly depends on the ultrasound scanner and settings. The signal also varies with age and health of the subject. A general method insensitive with respect to the subject and the scanner would be of great help. We have developed a novel and robust method for ARTerIal Characterization (ARTIC), suitable for real-time in vivo measurements of diameter, distension and IMT using B-Mode images. The aim of this study was to evaluate ARTIC on different subjects and scanners. ARTIC was evaluated in vivo in different groups of subjects using two scanners, HDI5000 (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA, USA) and ULA-OP (University of Florence, Italy). First, a comparison was made against a previous method validated on phantoms. Then measurements of young (healthy) and old (healthy and unhealthy) subjects were evaluated for both scanners. Finally, a comparison between scanners was made. The evaluation of different subjects shows a coefficient of variation (CV) ranging from 1.4-2.0% for diameter, 4.3-8.8% for distension and 3.6-6.6% for IMT.
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| 10. |
- Fedorowski, Artur, et al.
(författare)
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Orthostatic blood pressure response, carotid intima-media thickness, and plasma fibrinogen in older nondiabetic adults.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Hypertension. - 1473-5598. ; 30:3, s. 522-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE:: Although recent studies have indicated that both orthostatic hypotension and orthostatic hypertension (OHTN) independently predict cardiovascular events, the underlying mechanisms are still debatable. METHODS:: A total of 700 nondiabetic adults (43% men, age 64 years) were examined by orthostatic blood pressure (BP) test, carotid artery ultrasonography, and biochemical tests including plasma fibrinogen and lipid profile. Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression was applied to assess association of intima-media thickness (IMT) and P-fibrinogen with orthostatic hypotension and OHTN. In addition, distribution of IMT and P-fibrinogen across quintiles of orthostatic systolic BP (SBP) response was analyzed. RESULTS:: Orthostatic hypotension and OHTN were found in 40 (5.7%) and 45 (6.4%) study participants, respectively. Both IMT [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) per one-SD increment: 1.27, 1.01-1.60; P = 0.04] and P-fibrinogen (OR 1.44, 1.07-1.93; P = 0.02) were associated with orthostatic hypotension in a crude model. After adjustment relationship between orthostatic hypotension and IMT was slightly attenuated (OR 1.26, 0.96-1.65; P = 0.09) but was substantially unchanged in regard to P-fibrinogen (OR 1.45, 1.06-1.99; P = 0.02). In contrast, OHTN showed no association with either IMT or P-fibrinogen (adjusted OR 1.09, 0.78-1.52; P = 0.61, and 0.97, 0.70-1.34; P = 0.84, respectively). Distribution of IMT across quintiles of orthostatic SBP response was U-shaped, whereas that of fibrinogen was more linear but none of borderline quintiles (with pronounced hypertensive or hypotensive response) significantly differed from the middle quintiles in a fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION:: In older nondiabetic adults only orthostatic hypotension seems to independently correlate with increased carotid atherosclerosis and systemic inflammation.
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