| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Persson, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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How Will the Emerging Plurality of Lives Change? : How We Conceive of and Relate to Life?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Challenges. - : MDPI AG. - 2078-1547.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The project “A Plurality of Lives” was funded and hosted by the Pufendorf Institute for Advanced Studies at Lund University, Sweden. The aim of the project was to better understand how a second origin of life, either in the form of a discovery of extraterrestrial life, life developed in a laboratory, or machines equipped with abilities previously only ascribed to living beings, will change how we understand and relate to life. Because of the inherently interdisciplinary nature of the project aim, the project took an interdisciplinary approach with a research group made up of 12 senior researchers representing 12 different disciplines. The project resulted in a joint volume, an international symposium, several new projects, and a network of researchers in the field, all continuing to communicate about and advance the aim of the project.
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| 3. |
- Abdelhady, Dalia, et al.
(författare)
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The Nile and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Is There a Meeting Point between Nationalism and Hydrosolidarity?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education. - 1936-704X. ; 155:1, s. 73-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The soon-to-be completed Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which will be the largest hydroelectric power plant and among the largest reservoirs in Africa, has highlighted the need for expanding traditional integrated water resources management to better include the cultural, social, and political complexities of large water infrastructure in development projects. The GERD will store a maximum of 74 billion cubic meters of water corresponding to approximately the average annual outflow of the Nile from the Aswan high dam. Undoubtedly, the GERD will be vital for energy production and a key factor for food production, economic development, and poverty reduction in Ethiopia and the Nile Basin. However, the GERD is also a political statement that in one stroke has re-written the hydropolitical map of the Nile Basin. The GERD has become a symbol of Ethiopian nationalism or “renaissance” (hidase in Amharic). A contrasting concept to nationalism is hydrosolidarity. This concept has been put forward to better stress equitable use of water in international water management challenges that would lead to sustainable socioeconomic development. We use the opposing notions of nationalism and hydrosolidarity at three different scales, everyday politics, state policies, and interstate and global politics to analyse some aspects of the new hydropolitical map of the Nile Basin. We argue that nationalism and national interests are not necessarily negative standpoints but that there may instead be a meeting point where regional and national interests join with hydrosolidarity principles. We believe that this meeting point can maximize not only the common good, but also the good from a national interest point of view. For this, it is important not increase collaboration instead of being locked in to the historical narrative of nationalistic culture and historical discourse. This would benefit and improve future sustainability.
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| 4. |
- Andren, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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De stora rovdjurens effekter på annat vilt och tamren
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den teoretiska bakgrunden ger en beskrivning av termer och fackuttryck, samt beskrivningar av hur olika faktorer påverkar relationerna mellan rovdjur och bytesdjur. Termen predator är synonymt med rovdjur, medan termen predation står för den process som består av dödande och konsumtion av bytesdjur, och omfattningen av den dödlighet hos bytesdjuren som rovdjuret orsakar. Rovdjurens påverkan på bytespopulationer varierar mellan områden och över tid, samtidigt som rovdjuren själva påverkas av bytespopulationerna. Rovdjur-bytesdjurssystemen är alltså inte bara dynamiska utan också interaktiva, d.v.s. de påverkar varandra. Rovdjurens påverkan på bytespopulationen beror i princip på fem faktorer: (1) bytespopulationens storlek, (2) bytespopulationens produktivitet/tillväxttakt, (3) rovdjurspopulationens storlek, (4) rovdjurspopulationens produktivitet/tillväxttakt samt (5) antalet bytesdjur tagna per rovdjur och tidsenhet (den s.k. funktionella responsen). Predation är ofta en kombination av additiv och kompensatorisk dödlighet. Med additiv dödlighet menar man att predationen läggs ovanpå (adderas till) annan dödlighet, med kompensatorisk dödlighet menar man att predationen ersätter annan typ av dödlighet. Ju större andel av predationen som är additiv desto större blir effekterna på bytesdjuren. Rovdjuren kan påverka sina bytesdjur inte bara genom direkt predation utan även genom att bytesdjuren ändrar sitt beteende i närvaron av rovdjuren. Rovdjuren är en del av ekosystemet, som förenklat består av producenter (växter), primärkonsumenter (växtätare) och sekundärkonsumenter (predatorer). Dessa delar kan också beskrivas som olika trofinivåer i ekosystemet. En mer komplex beskrivning av ett ekosystem är att arter är ordnade i ett nätverk av interaktioner både mellan och inom trofiska nivåer, s.k. näringsvävar. I komplexa näringsvävar ökar antalet interaktioner mellan arter både inom trofinivåer och mellan trofinivåer, vilket försvagar specifika interaktioner mellan enskilda arter. I Sverige saknas stora områden som är helt opåverkade av mänskliga aktiviteter, vilket gör människan till den viktigaste aktören för storskalig påverkan på ekosystem över hela landet. Människan påverkar ekosystemet på många sätt, t.ex. genom markanvändning, jakt, andra ingrepp och förvaltningsåtgärder, och kan helt förändra dynamiken mellan rovdjur och bytesdjur.Även ett kortfaktablad om rovdjurens effekter finns att ladda ned.Hur påverkar de stora rovdjuren bytesdjurens populationer?Grimsö forskningsstation vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) har för Naturvårdsverkets räkning gjort en översikt av kunskapsläget om hur de stora rovdjuren påverkar de bytesdjur de jagar, det vill säga vilt och tamren. Hela rapporten, De stora rovdjurens effekter på annat vilt och tamren, kan du läsa här, eller på Naturvårdsverkets hemsida.
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| 5. |
- Berggren Kleja, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Silver(I) Binding Properties of Organic Soil Materials Are Different from Those of Isolated Humic Substances
- 2016
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 50:14, s. 7453-7460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The solubility of silver(I) in many soils is controlled by complexation reactions with organic matter. In this work we have compared the ability of isolated humic and fulvic acids to bind silver(I) with that of mor and peat materials. One new data set for Suwannee River Fulvic Acid was produced, which was consistent with published data sets for isolated fulvic and humic acids. The ability of soil materials to bind silver(I) was studied as a function of pH in the range 2.5-5.0, at a wide range of silver(I)-to-soil ratios (10(-4.2) - 10(-1.9) mol kg(-1)). By calibrating the Stockholm Humic Model on the humic and fulvic acids data sets, we showed that binding of silver(I) to both types of soil materials was much stronger (up to 2 orders of magnitude) than predicted from the silver(I) binding properties of the isolated humic materials. Thus, the approach taken for many other metals, that is, to model solubility in soils by using metal and proton binding parameters derived from isolated humic and fulvic acids, cannot be used for silver(I). One possible explanation for the discrepancy could be that silver(I) predominately interacted with various biomolecules in the soil samples, instead of humic- and fulvic-acid type materials.
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| 6. |
- Bergström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Health system context and implementation of evidence-based practices-development and validation of the Context Assessment for Community Health (COACH) tool for low- and middle-income settings
- 2015
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Ingår i: Implementation Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1748-5908. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The gap between what is known and what is practiced results in health service users not benefitting from advances in healthcare, and in unnecessary costs. A supportive context is considered a key element for successful implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP). There were no tools available for the systematic mapping of aspects of organizational context influencing the implementation of EBPs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, this project aimed to develop and psychometrically validate a tool for this purpose. Methods: The development of the Context Assessment for Community Health (COACH) tool was premised on the context dimension in the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, and is a derivative product of the Alberta Context Tool. Its development was undertaken in Bangladesh, Vietnam, Uganda, South Africa and Nicaragua in six phases: (1) defining dimensions and draft tool development, (2) content validity amongst in-country expert panels, (3) content validity amongst international experts, (4) response process validity, (5) translation and (6) evaluation of psychometric properties amongst 690 health workers in the five countries. Results: The tool was validated for use amongst physicians, nurse/midwives and community health workers. The six phases of development resulted in a good fit between the theoretical dimensions of the COACH tool and its psychometric properties. The tool has 49 items measuring eight aspects of context: Resources, Community engagement, Commitment to work, Informal payment, Leadership, Work culture, Monitoring services for action and Sources of knowledge. Conclusions: Aspects of organizational context that were identified as influencing the implementation of EBPs in high-income settings were also found to be relevant in LMICs. However, there were additional aspects of context of relevance in LMICs specifically Resources, Community engagement, Commitment to work and Informal payment. Use of the COACH tool will allow for systematic description of the local healthcare context prior implementing healthcare interventions to allow for tailoring implementation strategies or as part of the evaluation of implementing healthcare interventions and thus allow for deeper insights into the process of implementing EBPs in LMICs.
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| 7. |
- Berndtsson, Ronny, et al.
(författare)
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Drivers of changing urban flood risk : A framework for action
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 240, s. 47-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study focuses on drivers for changing urban flood risk. We suggest a framework for guiding climate change adaptation action concerning flood risk and manageability in cities. The identified key drivers of changing flood hazard and vulnerability are used to provide an overview of each driver's impact on flood risk and manageability at the city level. We find that identified drivers for urban flood risk can be grouped in three different priority areas with different time horizon. The first group has high impact but is manageable at city level. Typical drivers in this group are related to the physical environment such as decreasing permeability and unresponsive engineering. The second group of drivers is represented by public awareness and individual willingness to participate and urbanization and urban sprawl. These drivers may be important and are manageable for the cities and they involve both short-term and long-term measures. The third group of drivers is related to policy and long-term changes. This group is represented by economic growth and increasing values at risk, climate change, and increasing complexity of society. They have all high impact but low manageability. Managing these drivers needs to be done in a longer time perspective, e.g., by developing long-term policies and exchange of ideas.
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| 8. |
- Chábera, Pavel, et al.
(författare)
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A low-spin Fe(iii) complex with 100-ps ligand-to-metal charge transfer photoluminescence
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 543:7647, s. 695-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transition-metal complexes are used as photosensitizers1, in light-emitting diodes, for biosensing and in photocatalysis2. A key feature in these applications is excitation from the ground state to a charge-transfer state3,4; the long charge-transfer-state lifetimes typical for complexes of ruthenium5 and other precious metals are often essential to ensure high performance. There is much interest in replacing these scarce elements with Earth-abundant metals, with iron6 and copper7 being particularly attractive owing to their low cost and non-toxicity. But despite the exploration of innovative molecular designs6,8,9,10, it remains a formidable scientific challenge11 to access Earth-abundant transition-metal complexes with long-lived charge-transfer excited states. No known iron complexes are considered12 photoluminescent at room temperature, and their rapid excited-state deactivation precludes their use as photosensitizers13,14,15. Here we present the iron complex [Fe(btz)3]3+ (where btz is 3,3′-dimethyl-1,1′-bis(p-tolyl)-4,4′-bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene)), and show that the superior σ-donor and π-acceptor electron properties of the ligand stabilize the excited state sufficiently to realize a long charge-transfer lifetime of 100 picoseconds (ps) and room-temperature photoluminescence. This species is a low-spin Fe(iii) d5 complex, and emission occurs from a long-lived doublet ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (2LMCT) state that is rarely seen for transition-metal complexes4,16,17. The absence of intersystem crossing, which often gives rise to large excited-state energy losses in transition-metal complexes, enables the observation of spin-allowed emission directly to the ground state and could be exploited as an increased driving force in photochemical reactions on surfaces. These findings suggest that appropriate design strategies can deliver new iron-based materials for use as light emitters and photosensitizers.
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| 9. |
- Chábera, Pavel, et al.
(författare)
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Band-selective dynamics in charge-transfer excited iron carbene complexes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Faraday Discussions. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-6640 .- 1364-5498. ; 216:2019, s. 191-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultrafast dynamics of photoinduced charge transfer processes in light-harvesting systems based on Earth-abundant transition metal complexes are of current interest for the development of molecular devices for solar energy conversion applications. A combination of ultrafast spectroscopy and first principles quantum chemical calculations of a recently synthesized iron carbene complex is used to elucidate the ultrafast excited state evolution processes in these systems with particular emphasis on investigating the underlying reasons why these complexes show promise in terms of significantly extended lifetimes of charge transfer excited states. Together, our results challenge the traditional excited state landscape for iron-based light harvesting transition metal complexes through radically different ground and excited state properties in alternative oxidation states. This includes intriguing indications of rich band-selective excited state dynamics on ultrafast timescales that are interpreted in terms of excitation energy dependence for excitations into a manifold of charge-transfer states. Some implications of the observed excited state properties and photoinduced dynamics for the utilization of iron carbene complexes for solar energy conversion applications are finally discussed.
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| 10. |
- Chábera, Pavel, et al.
(författare)
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FeII Hexa N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex with a 528 ps Metal-To-Ligand Charge-Transfer Excited-State Lifetime
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 9:3, s. 459-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The iron carbene complex [FeII(btz)3](PF6)2 (where btz = 3,3′-dimethyl-1,1′-bis(p-Tolyl)-4,4′-bis(1,2,3-Triazol-5-ylidene)) has been synthesized, isolated, and characterized as a low-spin ferrous complex. It exhibits strong metal-To-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorption bands throughout the visible spectrum, and excitation of these bands gives rise to a 3MLCT state with a 528 ps excited-state lifetime in CH3CN solution that is more than one order of magnitude longer compared with the MLCT lifetime of any previously reported FeII complex. The low potential of the [Fe(btz)3]3+/[Fe(btz)3]2+ redox couple makes the 3MLCT state of [FeII(btz)3]2+ a potent photoreductant that can be generated by light absorption throughout the visible spectrum. Taken together with our recent results on the [FeIII(btz)3]3+ form of this complex, these results show that the FeII and FeIII oxidation states of the same Fe(btz)3 complex feature long-lived MLCT and LMCT states, respectively, demonstrating the versatility of iron N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as promising light-harvesters for a broad range of oxidizing and reducing conditions.
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