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- Bremer, Kåre, et al.
(författare)
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An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants
- 1998
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Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - : MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN. - 0026-6493. ; 85:4, s. 531-553
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent cladistic analyses are revealing the phylogeny of flowering plants in increasing detail, and there is support for the monophyly of many major groups above the family level. With many elements of the major branching sequence of phylogeny established
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| 6. |
- Luepker, Russell V., et al.
(författare)
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Community education for cardiovascular disease prevention. Morbidity and mortality results from the Minnesota Heart Health Program
- 1996
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - 0002-9262. ; 144:4, s. 351-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Minnesota Heart Health Program was a community trial of cardiovascular disease prevention methods that was conducted from 1980 to 1990 in three Upper Midwestern communities with three matched comparison communities. A 5- to 6-year intervention program used community-wide and individual health education in an attempt to decrease population risk. A major hypothesis was that the incidence of validated fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease and stroke in 30- to 74-year-old men and women would decline differentially in the education communities after the health promotion program was introduced. This hypothesis was investigated using mixed-model regression. The intervention effect was modeled as a series of annual departures from a linear secular trend after a 2-year lag from the start of the intervention program. In the education communities, 2,394 cases of coronary heart disease and 818 cases of stroke occurred, with 2,526 and 739 cases, respectively, being seen in the comparison communities. The overall decline in coronary heart disease incidence was 1.8 percent per year in men (p = 0.03) and 3.6 percent per year in women (p = 0.007). For stroke, there were no significant secular trends. The authors recently published findings showing minimal effects of sustained intervention on risk factor levels. In the current report, there was no evidence of a significant intervention effect on morbidity or mortality, either for coronary heart disease or for stroke.
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| 8. |
- Shi, Guo-Ping, et al.
(författare)
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Cystatin C deficiency in human atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 104:9, s. 1191-1197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm involves breakdown of the elastic laminae. Elastolytic cysteine proteases, including cathepsins S and K, are overexpressed at sites of arterial elastin damage, but whether endogenous local inhibitors counterbalance these proteases is unknown. We show here that, whereas cystatin C is normally expressed in vascular wall smooth muscle cells (SMCs), this cysteine protease inhibitor is severely reduced in both atherosclerotic and aneurysmal aortic lesions. Furthermore, increased abdominal aortic diameter among 122 patients screened by ultrasonography correlated inversely with serum cystatin C levels. In vitro, cytokine-stimulated vascular SMCs secrete cathepsins, whose elastolytic activity could be blocked when cystatin C secretion was induced by treatment with TGF-beta(1). The findings highlight a potentially important role for imbalance between cysteine proteases and cystatin C in arterial wall remodeling and establish that cystatin C deficiency occurs in vascular disease.
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| 9. |
- Skogman Thoursie, Peter, 1968-
(författare)
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Disability and work in Sweden
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Occupational Attainment and Earnings ( the Case of the Disabled This paper offers, for the first time, estimates of the extent of unexplained wage differentials between disabled and nondisabled workers in Sweden. According to studies of wage differentials between disabled and nondisabled workers in the United States, the unexplained component accounts for almost 50 per cent of the differential between the two groups. However, these studies ignore such potential differences in occupational attainment as are not explained by differences in occupational qualifications. Using a technique developed by Brown et al. (1980), this paper extends the traditional wage decomposition by incorporating explained and unexplained differences in occupational attainment. Data from the Swedish Level of Living Survey for 1981 and for 1991 have been used. The results show that in both years the disabled worked in low-level occupations to a greater extent relative to the nondisabled. This is due to the fact that disabled workers have lower qualifications. The unexplained component due to differences in returns on wage determinants is insignificant in the 1981 case but is highly significant in 1991, constituting around 50-60 per cent of the average log wage differential.Economic Incentives: Do they Affect the Likelihood of a Disability Pension Being Granted? An ageing population and a growing number of people leaving the labour market mean that more and more elderly people become dependent on a shrinking labour force. It is thus important to understand the process whereby disability pensions are granted, in order to formulate a policy that strikes a balance between economic security and incentives to work. This paper studies the possible effect of the economic incentives present in the Swedish disability pension system on the probability of a disability pension being granted. A mixed conditional logit model incorporating various predicted income levels is used to estimate this probability. A sample consisting of workers aged 25-64 from the 1981 Swedish Level of Living Survey, of whom 8 per cent were granted disability pensions during the 1980s, has been used. The results indicate that economic incentives do have a significant and positive, albeit quantitatively small, effect on the likelihood of a disability pension being granted.The Role of Caseworkers in Selecting Candidates for a Vocational Rehabilitation Project Very little is known about the way labour market programme participants are selected for the programmes. This paper studies how caseworkers selected candidates for a vocational rehabilitation project for the disabled. The caseworkers had been given four rules for eligibility: a severe disability, a recently granted disability pension, participation in an education programme and regular employment should all disqualify from participation. The paper investigates various aspects of the way the caseworkers followed or broke these rules, and whether they selected the most employable candidates. The data used has been taken from register data at the National Social Insurance Board, the same data that was used by the caseworkers in selecting the candidates. The results show that the caseworkers did not always follow the rules and that they based their decisions on factors other than those implicit in the rules. Some of these factors suggest that they wanted the most employable to participate in the project.
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- Wenning, Gregor K, et al.
(författare)
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Short- and long-term survival and function of unilateral intrastriatal dopaminergic grafts in Parkinson's disease
- 1997
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Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 1531-8249 .- 0364-5134. ; 42:1, s. 95-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients with Parkinson's disease were followed for 10 to 72 months after human embryonic mesencephalic tissue from four to seven donors was grafted unilaterally into the putamen (4 patients) or putamen plus caudate (2 patients). After 8 to 12 months, positron emission tomography showed a 68% increase of 6-L-[18F]-fluorodopa uptake in the grafted putamen, no change in the grafted caudate, and minor decreases in nongrafted striatal regions. There was therapeutically valuable improvement in 4 patients, but only modest changes in the other 2, both of whom developed atypical features. Patient 4 was without L-dopa from 32 months and had normal fluorodopa uptake in the grafted putamen at 72 months. Overall, the L-dopa dose was reduced by a mean of 10 and 20%, "off" time was reduced by 34 and 44%, and the "off" phase Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score by 18 and 26%, and the duration of the response to a single L-dopa dose increased by 45 and 58% during the first and second years after surgery, respectively. Rigidity and hypokinesia improved bilaterally, but mainly contralateral to the implant. No consistent changes in dyskinesias were observed. We conclude that transplantation of embryonic mesencephalic tissue leads to highly reproducible survival of dopaminergic neurons, inducing clinically valuable improvements in most recipients.
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