| 1. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Yrkesförares förväntningar och erfarenheter av frästa räfflor med omkörningsfält på rv 33
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to increase the traffic safety on narrow roads the Swedish Road Administration has decided to use milled rumble strips at centre line in combination with overtaking sections. One of the road sections were this will be used is parts of road 33 between Eksjö and Målilla. The road is 8 meters wide, with an annual flow of 2,600 to 3,700 vehicles per day. This report is based on a qualitative study aiming to capture the professional drivers' opinions and expectations about a road design using milled rumble strips at centre line in combination with solid line and overtaking sections. The expectations were aimed to focus on both traffic safety and accessibility.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1977-
(författare)
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Från svensk malmexport till utländsk etablering : Grängesbergsbolagets internationalisering 1953-1980
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the internationalisation of the Grängesberg Company from 1953 to 1980. The strategies that the company used and the knowledge it gained by participating in international mining projects are studied. The first and largest mining activity abroad was the Lamco project in Liberia. By transferring the company’s competence and knowledge of mining activities to Liberia, the Grängesberg Company used an international strategy of horizontal integration. The company’s contacts were of importance to start the production in 1963. The main ambition was thereafter to negotiate new long-term contracts in order to create stability for the project in the 1960s and the 1970s. Through its involvement in the Lamco project, the Grängesberg Company also acquired shares in a Belgian steel company and became half-owner with the Liberian state in a foreign shipping company. The experience and knowledge that the company gained in the Lamco project was used to increase its internationalisation in the 1970s. Appointing a Mineral Project Group, it investigated existing mineral projects abroad and formulated new internationalisation strategies such as vertical integration and diversification. The main motive for the further expansion abroad in the mining area was a need for resources for its domestic production. The most important outcome was the acquisition of a Canadian copper company, and the company integrated backwards to gain access to copper. The Grängesberg Company also used its competence by doing prospecting work in New Caledonia, Peru and Canada and consultant work in mining projects in Iran and Saudi Arabia in the 1970s. The study has shown that further international expansion became limited because of the downturn of the international economy in the 1970s, but also because of the company’s cautious attitude towards the political risks that were associated with international mining projects.
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| 3. |
- Bjursten, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Particle separation using ultrasound can be used with human shed mediastinal blood.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Perfusion. - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-111X .- 0267-6591. ; 20:1, s. 39-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shed mediastinal blood collected by cardiotomy suction has been shown to be a large contributor to lipid microemboli ending up in different organs. The aim of this study was to test the separation efficiency on human shed blood of a new separation method developed to meet this demand. METHODS: Shed mediastinal blood collected from the pericardial cavity of 13 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass was collected. The blood was processed in an eight-channel parallel PARSUS separator, and separation efficiency was determined. RESULTS: Erythrocyte recovery, in terms of a separation ratio, varied between 68% and 91%. Minor electrolyte changes took place, where levels of sodium increased and levels of potassium and calcium decreased. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that PARSUS technology can be used on human shed mediastinal blood with good separation efficiency. The technology is, thereby, suggested to have future clinical relevance.
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| 4. |
- Cullhed, Mats, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Trench A
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Temple of Castor and Pollux II.2*. - Roma : "L'Erma" di Bretschneider. - 9788882654986 ; , s. 321-326
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Demandt, Marnie H
(författare)
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Biodiversity in Swedish Cyprinid Fish: Insights Into Processes of Divergence
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Uncovering and understanding the processes that have led to the biological diversity we observe today are of fundamental interest in biology. Since direct observation of speciation is usually impossible, knowledge about the processes behind species formation can be gathered by studying mutations, natural/sexual selection, and genetic drift. In this thesis I aim to identify evolutionary processes that cause species divergence and, ultimately, speciation using Swedish cyprinid fish as a model system. Assuming that the demographic history of a population is mirrored in the genome, I studied the effects of a bottleneck on genetic variability in populations of roach. As expected, I found that a decrease in population size caused a decrease in genetic variability, a pattern that was obtained from both microsatellite and mitochondrial data. The importance of hybridization for speciation is debated, however, by analyzing morphology and microsatellites I could show that common bream and white bream and their interspecific hybrids are phenotypically and genetically differentiated and that ongoing geneflow is mainly unidirectional. Ongoing geneflow antagonizes the effect of genetic drift, but by studying isolated populations (= no gene flow) the impact of genetic drift can be assessed. Long-term isolated populations of roach and perch surprisingly showed stable levels of genetic diversity over time despite decreasing effective population size. However, each population genetically diverged during the period of investigation, a finding that is consistent with the effect of drift. An analysis of the systematic relationship of the 18 species of Swedish cyprinids revealed low congruence of phylogenies based on two different genetic markers. The position of the tench remains unresolved and the relationship of common bream and white bream as sister species cannot be confirmed. Within cyprinid fishes, diversification rates reveal a slowdown with time, a pattern that I found also in other fish clades and that is consistent with density-dependent cladogenesis. Overall, based on the findings presented in this thesis I emphasize that the maintenance of genetic variation in populations is essential since genetic variation is the key element for processes of divergence to act upon.
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| 6. |
- Forsberg, Lars A., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of genetic dissimilarity in the reproductive success and mate choice of brown trout – females fishing for optimal MHC dissimilarity
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 20:5, s. 1859-1869
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the reproductive success of 48 adult brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) which were allowed to reproduce in a stream that was controlled for the absence of other trout. Parentage analyses based on 11 microsatellites permitted us to infer reproductive success and mate choice preferences in situ. We found that pairs with intermediate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) dissimilarity mated more often than expected by chance. It appears that female choice was the driving force behind this observation because, compared with other individuals, males with intermediate MHC dissimilarity produced a larger proportion of offspring, whereas female reproductive output did not show this pattern. Hence, rather than seeking mates with maximal MHC dissimilarity, as found in several species, brown trout seemed to prefer mates of intermediate MHC difference, thus supporting an optimality-based model for MHC-dependent mate choice.
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| 7. |
- Frisk, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Two Modes of Acupuncture as a Treatment for Hot Flushes in Men with Prostate Cancer—A Prospective Multicenter Study with Long-Term Follow-Up
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Urology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0302-2838 .- 1873-7560. ; 55:1, s. 156-163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Hot flushes are common and distressing among men with castrational treatment for prostate cancer. Of the few treatments, most have side effects. Objective: Assess changes in hot flushes of electrostimulated (EA) and traditional acupuncture (TA). Design, Setting, and Participants: Thirty-one men with hot flushes due to prostate cancer treatment were recruited from three urological departments in Sweden, from 2001 to 2004. Intervention: Thirty-one men were randomized to EA (4 electrostimulated needle points) or TA (12 needle points) weekly for 12 wk. Measurements: Primary outcome: number of and distress from hot flushes in 24h and change in “hot flush score.” Secondary outcome: change in 24-h urine excretion of CGRP (calcitonin gene–related peptide). Results and Limitations: Twenty-nine men completed the treatment. Hot flushes per 24h decreased significantly, from a median of 7.6 (interquartile range [IQR], 6.0–12.3) at baseline in the EA group to 4.1 (IQR, 2.0–6.5) (p=0.012) after 12 wk, and from 5.7 (IQR, 5.1–9.5) in the TA group to 3.4 (IQR1.8–6.3) (p=0.001). Distress by flushes decreased from 8.2 (IQR, 6.5–10.7) in the EA group to 3.3 (IQR, 0.3–8.1) (p=0.003), and from 7.6 (IQR, 4.7–8.3) to 3.4 (IQR, 2.0–5.6) (p=0.001) in the TA group after 12 wk, (78% and 73% reduction in “hot flush score,” respectively). The effect lasted up to 9 mo after treatment ended. CGRP did not change significantly. Few, minor side effects were reported. Limitations: small number of patients; no placebo control, instead a small group controlled for 6 wk pretreatment. Conclusions: EA and TA lowered number of and distress from hot flushes. The hot flush score decreased 78% and 73%, respectively, in line with or better than medical regimens for these symptoms. Acupuncture should be considered an alternative treatment for these symptoms, but further evaluation is needed, preferably with a non- or placebo-treated control group.
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| 8. |
- Hellén-Halme, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Digital radiography in general dental practice. A field study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0250-832X .- 1476-542X. ; 36:5, s. 249-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to conduct a field study to survey the performance of digital radiography and how it was used by dentists in general dental practice. Methods: Nineteen general dental practitioners were visited at their clinics. Ambient light (illuminance) was measured in the rooms where the monitors were placed. Different technical display parameters were noted. Test images and two phantoms—one low-contrast phantom and one line-pair resolution phantom—were used to evaluate the digital system. How the dentists used the enhancement program was investigated by noting which functions were used. Results: Average illuminance in the operating room was 668 lux (range 190–1250 lux). On radiographs of the low-contrast phantom taken at the clinic, the ability to observe the holes decreased as illuminance increased. On average, the “light percentage” initially set on the monitor had to be decreased by 17% and contrast by 10% to optimise the display of the test images. The general dental practitioners used the enhancement programs most often to alter brightness and contrast to obtain the subjectively best image. Large differences between the clinics were noted. Conclusion: Knowledge of how to handle digital equipment in general dental practice should be improved. A calibrated monitor of good quality should be a given priority, as should proper ambient light conditions. There is a need to develop standardised quality controls for digital dental radiography. Key-words: display monitor, enhancement program, digital radiography, quality
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| 9. |
- Hellén-Halme, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of ambient light and monitor brightness and contrast settings on the detection of approximal caries in digital radiographs : an in vitro study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Dento-Maxillo-Facial Radiology. - : British Institute of Radiology. - 0250-832X .- 1476-542X. ; 37:7, s. 380-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate how brightness and contrast settings of the display monitor and ambient light level (illuminance) in the viewing room affect the clinician's ability to diagnose carious lesions in digital radiographs. Methods: Standardized radiographs were taken of 100 extracted teeth. Seven observers evaluated the images for approximal carious lesions twice, once under 50 lux and once under 1000 lux room illumination. Monitor brightness and contrast were varied ±50% and ±6%, respectively, to mimic the normal limits of monitor adjustment by an inexperienced user and one optimal setting. This was done by adjusting radiograph brightness and contrast by ±25%. Thus, five radiographs of each tooth were evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. Histological examinations of the teeth served as the criterion standard. A paired t-test was used to evaluate whether differences in the areas under the ROC curves were significant and kappa was used to evaluate intraobserver agreement. Results: When a monitor with optimal brightness and contrast settings was used to detect approximal carious lesions, ambient light levels less than 50 lux were significantly better than levels above 1000 lux (dentin and enamel lesions, P < 0.01; dentin lesions, P < 0.02). Increasing the contrast setting of the monitor by 6% did not change these results; 50 lux was still significantly better than 1000 lux (enamel lesions, P < 0.01; dentin and enamel lesions, P < 0.02) for evaluating radiographs. Intraobserver agreement differed from fair to good. Conclusions: Reducing ambient light to less than 50 lux significantly increased the accuracy of diagnosing approximal carious lesions on a monitor with an optimal brightness setting and an optimal or slightly higher than optimal contrast setting.
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| 10. |
- Hellén-Halme, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of ambient light and monitor brightness and contrast settings on the detection of approximal caries in digital radiographs.
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate how brightness and contrast settings of the display monitor and ambient light level (illuminance) in the viewing room affect the clinician’s ability to diagnose carious lesions in digital radiographs. Methods: Standardised radiographs were taken of 100 extracted teeth. Seven observers evaluated the images for approximal carious lesions twice, once under 500-lux and once under 1000-lux room illumination. Radiograph brightness and contrast were varied ±50% and ±6%, respectively, to mimic normal limits of monitor adjustment by an inexperienced user and one optimal setting. Thus, five radiographs of each tooth were made. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. Histologic examinations of the teeth served as the criterion standard. A paired t-test was used to evaluate whether differences in the areas under the ROC curves were significant, and kappa was used to evaluate intra-observer agreement. Results: When a monitor with optimal brightness and contrast settings was used to detect approximal carious lesions, ambient light levels less than 50 lux were significantly better than levels above 1000 lux (dentine and enamel lesions, p<0.01; dentine lesions, p<0.02). Increasing the contrast setting of the monitor by 6% did not change these results; 50 lux was still significantly better than 1000 lux (enamel lesions, p<0.01; dentine and enamel lesions, p<0.02) for evaluating radiographs. Intra-observer agreement differed from fair to good. Conclusion: Reducing ambient light to less than 50 lux significantly increased the accuracy of diagnosing approximal carious lesions on a monitor with an optimal brightness setting and an optimal or slightly higher than optimal contrast setting.
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