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- Journath, G, et al.
(författare)
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Hypertensive smokers have a worse cardiovascular risk profile than non-smokers in spite of treatment - A national study in Sweden
- 2005
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Ingår i: Blood Pressure. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0803-7051 .- 1651-1999. ; 14:3, s. 144-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smoking is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Studies have indicated that smoking may outweigh the benefit of blood pressure (BP) control. Our aim was to compare cardiovascular risk factors in smokers vs non-smokers from a national sample of treated hypertensives. Data were collected on smoking habits, BP control, total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and microalbuminuria (MA), from records of 4424 consecutive patients by 189 physicians. All technical methods were local. Treated hypertensives who smoked had microalbuminuria significantly more often than non-smokers, 26.2% vs 20.5% (p<0.05), and a higher proportion of smokers were suboptimally controlled (DBP >= 90 mmHg), 32.7% vs 25.0% (p<0.01). Smoking males had a higher prevalence of LVH (25.7% vs 20.1; p<0.05), microalbuminuria (29.7% vs 24.7%; p<0.01), and a higher proportion of subjects with uncontrolled systolic BP (>= 140 mmHg) (72.8% vs 68.9%; p<0.01). Both DBP and total cholesterol were higher in smoking vs non-smoking females. An increased prevalence of LVH and microalbuminuria was independently associated with smoking. In summary, smokers with treated hypertension show a higher proportion of LVH (men), microalbuminuria and worse diastolic BP control than non-smokers. This may hypothetically reflect either less compliance with drug treatment in smokers or that smoking impairs the pharmacological effects of antihypertensive drugs.
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- Nilsson, S., et al.
(författare)
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Bone-targeted radium-223 in symptomatic, hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase II study
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lancet Oncol. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 8:7, s. 587-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The alpha-emitter radium-223 ((223)Ra) is a bone-seeking radionuclide studied as a new treatment for patients with bone metastases from hormone-refractory prostate cancer. We aimed to study mature outcomes from a randomised, multicentre, phase II study of (223)Ra. METHODS: Patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and bone pain needing external-beam radiotherapy were assigned to four intravenous injections of (223)Ra (50 kBq/kg, 33 patients) or placebo (31 patients), given every 4 weeks. Primary endpoints were change in bone-alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentration and time to skeletal-related events (SREs). Secondary endpoints included toxic effects, time to prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) progression, and overall survival. All tests were done at a 5% significance level, based on intention to treat. FINDINGS: Median relative change in bone-ALP during treatment was -65.6% (95% CI -69.5 to -57.7) and 9.3% (3.8-60.9) in the (223)Ra group and placebo groups, respectively (p<0.0001, Wilcoxon ranked-sums test). Hazard ratio for time to first SRE, adjusted for baseline covariates, was 1.75 (0.96-3.19, p=0.065, Cox regression). Haematological toxic effects did not differ significantly between two groups. No patient discontinued (223)Ra because of treatment toxicity. Median time to PSA progression was 26 weeks (16-39) versus 8 weeks (4-12; p=0.048) for (223)Ra versus placebo, respectively. Median overall survival was 65.3 weeks (48.7-infinity) for (223)Ra and 46.4 weeks (32.1-77.4) for placebo (p=0.066, log rank). The hazard ratio for overall survival, adjusted for baseline covariates was 2.12 (1.13-3.98, p=0.020, Cox regression). INTERPRETATION: (223)Ra was well tolerated with minimum myelotoxicity, and had a significant effect on bone-ALP concentrations. Larger clinical trials are warranted to study (223)Ra on the prevention of SREs and on overall survival in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Bone-targeting properties of (223)Ra could also potentially be used for treating skeletal metastasis from other primary cancers.
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- Petersson, Ingela U, et al.
(författare)
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Semi-conducting properties of titanium dioxide surfaces on titanium implants.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biomaterials. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-5905 .- 0142-9612. ; 30:27, s. 4471-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The properties of the TiO2 layer on titanium implant surfaces are decisive for good contact with the surrounding tissue. The oxide properties can be deliberately changed by for example chemical etching, ion incorporation or anodisation. In the present study impedance spectroscopy was used to study the semi-conducting properties of the naturally formed oxide for different pre-treatment of the surface. A turned surface was used as a reference and both physical (blasting) and chemical (hydrofluoric acid etching) treatments were investigated. Blasting of a titanium sample introduces defects in the metal surface and the study clearly shows that also the oxide layer contains defects leading to a higher number of charge carriers (increased conductivity) compared with the oxide on the turned surface. The hydrofluoric acid etching of the blasted surface results in an oxide film with even higher conductivity. Indication of the defect oxide structure for fluoride treated samples was also seen when analysing the TiO+/Ti+ ratio from ToF-SIMS data. The lowest value of this ratio was obtained for the HF etched sample, indicating a less stoichiometric oxide compared to the other surfaces. This is a result of incorporation of fluoride ions in the oxide, as proven by adsorption studies on a TiO2 suspension. The results were treated in the context of surface complexation and two surface complexes were identified. Our results are discussed in relation to pull-out data on rabbit. The pull-out forces depend primarily on surface roughness but the contribution from the hydrofluoric acid etching might be explained by fluoride ion incorporation and the resulting increase in oxide conductivity.
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- Petersson, Kenneth, et al.
(författare)
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Nostalgia, the future, and the past as pedagogical technologies
- 2007
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Ingår i: Discourse. Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0159-6306 .- 1469-3739. ; 28:1, s. 49-67
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article provides a genealogical perspective on narratives about the past and the future as governmental discourses in teacher education, public health, and criminal justice in Sweden. Contemporary governmental strategies bring nostalgic memories of the past and visions and fears about the future back to life in the present. The past (history) is a technology of the present to re-memorialize who "we" are and have been. The future is a spatial concept, a technology to shape and nurture the "future oriented" subject bent on the pursuit of lifelong learning. The notions of history and future in the construction of the lifelong learner function to link and harmonize the interest of the individual with that of society. As technologies of government these are not new. Similar technologies were operating in the discourses about the future, society, and the citizen in the first part of the 20th century. What is new is the particular capabilities and capacities of the individual as an agent of the future and the collective principles in which life is lived. © 2007 Taylor & Francis.
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