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- Kinyoki, DK, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 26:5, s. 750-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
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| 5. |
- van Rheenen, W, et al.
(författare)
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Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 53:12, s. 1636-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons.
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- Kudaibergenova, E., et al.
(författare)
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MEASUREMENTS OF THE REACTION CROSS SECTIONS OF NEUTRON-RICH Sn ISOTOPES AT THE R 3 B SETUP
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B, Proceedings Supplement. - 1899-2358. ; 17:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fundamental framework to describe nuclear matter as a function of pressure and nuclear isospin asymmetry is the nuclear Equation of State (EoS). Constraining the parameters of the EoS is one of the central issues in nuclear physics, especially since the slope parameter L has not yet been constrained well experimentally. It has been identified that a precise determination of the neutron-removal cross section in neutron-rich nuclei, which correlates with the neutron-skin thickness, would provide a more precise constraint on L. To this end, an experiment was performed at the R3B setup in the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH as a part of the FAIR Phase-0 program. The reactions are studied in inverse kinematics with neutron-rich tin isotopes in the mass range of A = 124–134 on carbon targets of different thicknesses. The reaction products have been measured at beam energies of 400–900 MeV/u in a kinematically complete manner. In this communication, the analysis of124Sn+12C at 900 MeV/u is presented. The charge-exchange reactions, resulting processes, and their role in the calculation of other reaction cross sections are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Lihtar, I., et al.
(författare)
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RELATIVISTIC COULOMB EXCITATION OF 124 Sn
- 2024
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Ingår i: Acta Physica Polonica B, Proceedings Supplement. - 1899-2358. ; 17:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Coulomb excitation of 124, 128, 130, 132, 134Sn isotopes in the electric field of a Pb target have been studied using the R3B setup as a part of the FAIR Phase-0 program. The experiment was motivated by the possibility of using the nuclear dipole response to infer valuable information on the slope of the symmetry energy of the nuclear equation of state. Measurements were performed in inverse kinematics at relativistic energies of 750 MeV/u and 904 MeV/u. The analysis method and preliminary results for the decay channel with a single outgoing neutron for 124Sn are reported.
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| 9. |
- Peters, S., et al.
(författare)
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Reconditioning the Neurogenic Niche of Adult Non-human Primates by Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated Attenuation of TGFβ Signaling
- 2021
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Ingår i: Neurotherapeutics. - : Springer Nature. - 1933-7213 .- 1878-7479. ; 18:3, s. 1963-1979
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adult neurogenesis is a target for brain rejuvenation as well as regeneration in aging and disease. Numerous approaches showed efficacy to elevate neurogenesis in rodents, yet translation into therapies has not been achieved. Here, we introduce a novel human TGFβ-RII (Transforming Growth Factor—Receptor Type II) specific LNA-antisense oligonucleotide (“locked nucleotide acid”—“NVP-13”), which reduces TGFβ-RII expression and downstream receptor signaling in human neuronal precursor cells (ReNcell CX® cells) in vitro. After we injected cynomolgus non-human primates repeatedly i.th. with NVP-13 in a preclinical regulatory 13-week GLP-toxicity program, we could specifically downregulate TGFβ-RII mRNA and protein in vivo. Subsequently, we observed a dose-dependent upregulation of the neurogenic niche activity within the hippocampus and subventricular zone: human neural progenitor cells showed significantly (up to threefold over control) enhanced differentiation and cell numbers. NVP-13 treatment modulated canonical and non-canonical TGFβ pathways, such as MAPK and PI3K, as well as key transcription factors and epigenetic factors involved in stem cell maintenance, such as MEF2A and pFoxO3. The latter are also dysregulated in clinical neurodegeneration, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Here, we provide for the first time in vitro and in vivo evidence for a novel translatable approach to treat neurodegenerative disorders by modulating neurogenesis.
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| 10. |
- Menkveld, Albert J., et al.
(författare)
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Nonstandard Errors
- 2024
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF FINANCE. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0022-1082 .- 1540-6261. ; 79:3, s. 2339-2390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across researchers adds uncertainty-nonstandard errors (NSEs). We study NSEs by letting 164 teams test the same hypotheses on the same data. NSEs turn out to be sizable, but smaller for more reproducible or higher rated research. Adding peer-review stages reduces NSEs. We further find that this type of uncertainty is underestimated by participants.
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