| 1. |
- Aamodt, K., et al.
(författare)
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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Instrumentation. - 1748-0221. ; 3:S08002
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries, Its overall dimensions are 16 x 16 x 26 m(3) with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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| 2. |
- Casolino, M., et al.
(författare)
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Relative nuclear abundances inside ISS with Sileye-3/Alteino experiment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-1177 .- 1879-1948. ; 37:9, s. 1685-1690
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experiment Sileye-3/Alteino was first operational on board the international Space Station between 27/4 and 1/5/2002. It is constituted of a cosmic ray silicon detector and an electroencephalograph and is used to monitor radiation environment and study the light flash phenomenon in space. As a stand-alone device, Sileye-3/Alteino can monitor in real time cosmic ray nuclei. In this work, we report on relative nuclear abundance measurements in different regions of the orbit for nuclei from B to Fe in the energy range above similar or equal to 60 Mev/n. Abundances of nuclei such as 0 and Ne relative to C are found to be increased in respect to particle composition outside of the station, whereas the Fe group is reduced. This effect could be ascribed to nuclear interactions with the hull of the station.
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| 3. |
- Di Fino, L., et al.
(författare)
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ALTEA data handling
- 2006
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Ingår i: SPACE LIFE SCIENCES: FLIGHT MEASUREMENTS, CALIBRATION OF DETECTORS AND ENVIRONMENTAL MODELS FOR RADIATION ANALYSIS. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. ; , s. 1710-1715
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALTEA program is an international and multi-disciplinary collaboration aimed at studying particle radiation in space environment and its effects on astronauts, in particular the anomalous perception of Light Flashes. This paper describes ALTEA space facility scheduled to fly in the International Space Station (ISS) after July 2006, what kind of data are produced and how data are transmitted to Earth, processed and analyzed.
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| 4. |
- Bechta, Sevostian, et al.
(författare)
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CORPHAD and METCOR ISTC projects
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of The first European Review Meeting on Severe Accident Research (ERMSAR-2005).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing CORPHAD Project (Phase Diagrams for Multicomponent SystemsContaining Corium and Products of its Interaction with NPP Materials) started in August2001. The main aim of the project is to experimentally determine the relevantphysicochemical data on phase diagrams of binary, ternary, quaternary and prototypic multicomponent systems, which are important for analysis and modelling of a severe accident (SA)and efficient planning of severe accident management (SAM) measures. The data should bedirectly used for the European NUCLEA database development and validation. The followingsystems are in the focus of the project: (1) UO2 – FeO, (2) ZrO2 – FeO, (3) SiO2– Fe2O3, (4)UO2 – SiO2, (5) UO2 – ZrO2-FeO, (6) UO2 – ZrO2-FeOy, (7) U-O-Fe, (8) Zr-O-Fe, (9) U-OZr, (10) U-Zr-Fe-O, (11) complex corium mixtures.The experimentally determined data of the listed diagrams include: coordinates ofcharacteristic points (eutectics, peritectics and others); liquidus and solidus concentrationcurves; component solubility limits in the solid phase; tie line coordinates and temperatureconcentration regions of the miscibility gap. Different methodologies are used for the phasediagram study. Classical methods of thermal analysis, like DTA and DSC are combined withmethods specifically developed for corium studies.The METCOR project (Investigation of Corium Melt Interaction with NPP ReactorVessel Steel) started in April 1999. The objectives of the project are to qualify and to quantifyphysico-chemical phenomena of corium melt interaction with reactor vessel steel cooled fromthe outside. The variable parameters of the interaction tests are: oxygen potential in thesystem, corium composition, interaction interface temperature and heat flux from corium tosteel. The medium scale tests with corium mass of about 2 kg are carried out by using highfrequency induction heating of the corium melt in a cold crucible.The METCOR & CORPHAD work-packages are performed by Russian partners inclose collaboration with leading European scientific institutes in the area of corium researchas well as with the European nuclear industry.This paper briefly describes the results obtained in both projects and their possibleapplication for SA analysis and SAM. The paper concludes with recommendations for futureresearch activities in the framework of METCOR and CORPHAD projects.
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| 5. |
- Almjashev, V.I., et al.
(författare)
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Eutectic crystallization in the FeO(1.5)-UO(2+x)-ZrO(2) system
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 389:1, s. 52-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of the investigation of the FeO(1.5)-UO(2+x)-ZrO(2) system in air are presented. The eutectic position and the content of the phases crystallized at this point have been determined. The temperature and the composition of the ternary eutectic are 1323 +/- 7 degrees C and 67.4 +/- 1.0 FeO(1.5), 30.5 +/- 1.0 UO(2+x), 2.1 +/- 0.2 ZrO(2) mol.%, respectively. The solubilities of FeO(1.5) and ZrO(2) in the UO(2+x)(FeO(1.5), ZrO(2)) solid solution correspond to respectively 3.2 and 1.1 mol.%. The solubilities of UO(2) and ZrO(2) in FeO(1.5) are not significant. The existence of a solid solution on the basis of U(Zr)FeO(4) compound is found. The ZrO(2) Solubility in this solid solution is 7.0 mol.%.
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| 6. |
- Bechta, Sevostian, et al.
(författare)
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Phase diagram of the UO2-FeO1+x system
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 362:1, s. 46-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phase-relation studies of the UO2–FeO1+x system in an inert atmosphere are presented. The eutectic point has beendetermined, which corresponds to a temperature of (1335 ± 5) C and a UO2 concentration of (4.0 ± 0.1) mol.%. Themaximum solubility of FeO in UO2 at the eutectic temperature has been estimated as (17.0 ± 1.0) mol.%. Liquidus temperaturesfor a wide concentration range have been determined and a phase diagram of the system has been constructed.
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| 7. |
- Bechta, Sevostian, et al.
(författare)
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Phase diagram of the ZrO2-FeO system
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 348:1-2, s. 114-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The results on the ZrO2–FeO system studies in a neutral atmosphere are presented. The refined eutectic point has beenfound to correspond to a ZrO2 concentration of 10.3 ± 0.6 mol% at 1332 ± 5 C. The ultimate solubility of iron oxide inzirconia has been determined in a broad temperature range, taking into account the ZrO2 polymorphism. A phase diagramof the pseudobinary system in question has been constructed.
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| 8. |
- Bechta, Sevostian, et al.
(författare)
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Phase Relations in the ZrO2–FeO System
- 2006
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Ingår i: Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. - 0036-0236 .- 1531-8613. ; 51:2, s. 325-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of the investigation of the ZrO2-FeO system under an inert atmosphere. We have refined the position of the eutectic point, which lies at 1332 +/- 5 degrees C and 10.3 +/- 0.6 mol % ZrO2. The iron oxide solubility boundaries in zirconium dioxide have been determined over a wide temperature range taking into account the polymorphism in ZrO2. A phase diagram for the system has been designed.
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| 9. |
- Bechta, Sevostian, et al.
(författare)
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Phase transformation in the binary section of the UO2-FeO-Fe system
- 2007
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Ingår i: Radiochemistry (New York, N.Y.). - 1066-3622 .- 1608-3288. ; 49:1, s. 20-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phase transformations in the oxide binary section of the UO2-FeO-Fe ternary system were studied. The melting onset point of the UO2-FeO heterogeneous system (1335±5°C) was determined and the fusion curve of this system was constructed. The limiting solubility of FeO in the UO2 solid solution was measured. The changes in crystal parameters in formation of the solid solution were determined. Uranium dioxide was found to be insoluble in the wüstite phase (FeO).
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| 10. |
- Casolino, M., et al.
(författare)
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The altcriss project on board the International Space Station
- 2007
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Ingår i: Advances in Space Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1948 .- 0273-1177. ; 40:11, s. 1746-1753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Alteriss project aims to perform a long term survey of the radiation environment on board the International Space Station. Measurements are being performed with active and passive devices in different locations and orientations of the Russian segment of the station. The goal is to perform a detailed evaluation of the differences in particle fluence and nuclear composition due to different shielding material and attitude of the station. The Sileye-3/Alteino detector is used to identify nuclei up to Iron in the energy range above similar or equal to 60 MeV/n. Several passive dosimeters (TLDs, CR39) are also placed in the same location of Sileye-3 detector. Polyethylene shielding is periodically interposed in front of the detectors to evaluate the effectiveness of shielding on the nuclear component of the cosmic radiation. The project was submitted to ESA in reply to the AO in the Life and Physical Science of 2004 and data taking began in December 2005. Dosimeters and data cards are rotated every 6 months: up to now three launches of dosimeters and data cards have been performed and have been returned with the end of expedition 12 and 13. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.
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