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- Dahlman-Höglund, Anna, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Antibodies given orally in the neonatal period can affect the immune response for two generations: evidence for active maternal influence on the newborn's immune system.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of immunology. - 0300-9475. ; 50:6, s. 651-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two day old Wistar rats were tube fed with 1 or 10 micrograms of a mouse IgG1 monoclonal anti-idiotypic (a-Id) antibody that was directed against an anti-Escherichia coli-K13 capsular polysaccharide antibody. A control group was given 10 micrograms of an unrelated control antibody. Six weeks after the administration of antibodies, the rats were intestinally colonised with an ovalbumin (OVA)-producing E. coli O6K13 strain. At 8 weeks of age, the male rats (first generation) and the offsprings of the female rats (second generation), were parenterally immunised with OVA and dead wild type E. coli O6K13, and the immune response was followed. In the rats of the first generation, there were no major differences between the groups in the immune response to the bacterium. However, the offspring of the neonatally a-Id administered rats had a profoundly affected immune response to the idiotypically connected antigen K13, but also to other antigens on the bacteria. Thus, a-Id treatment in the first generation gave, in the second generation, a greatly enhanced serum antibody response to the spatially related antigens OVA and O6 LPS, as well as to the idiotypically connected antigen K13. Concurrently, the in vitro spleen cell proliferative response to both OVA and the wild type bacterium was lowered. Overall, greater effects were seen with the higher dose of a-Id. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that by giving monoclonal antibodies idiotypically connected to a single bacterial component to neonatal rats, one profoundly influence the immune response also to other-spatially related-bacterial antigens in their offsprings.
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- Egebäck, Karl-Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Research on a Scania 11 liter ethanol fueled bus engine
- 1996
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents research carried out on an alcohol fueled bus engine. The engine used was a six cylinder 11 liter compression ignition turbo- charged engine with an inter cooler. The research program included studies of the impact on the emissions when changing different engine components and different settings of the engine. A study of the impact on the engine performance and emissions when using different fuel compositions was also carried out. During the course of the work, the engine was equipped with oxidation catalysts of two different types, one of which was more efficient than the other concerning the oxidation of unburnt fuel related components. One of the main purposes of the research was to improve the emission characteristics of the engine by an optimization of the engine and its setting. The exhaust emissions were thoroughly characterized with respect to both regulated and unregulated emissions
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| 5. |
- Pettersson, Esbjörn
(författare)
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Exhaust gas emissions from ethanol fueled heavy duty
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of the project was to contribute to the development of more efficient and better suited catalysts for ethanol fueled diesel vehicles, by characterization of the emissions of both regulated and unregulated exhaust emission components at different driving conditions for a bus engine. Measurements on three commercial and one prototype catalyst were performed at 22 'steady state' loading points. The measurements included the regulated emission components carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides and the non-regulated emission components ethanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetic acid and some light hydrocarbons. The investigation shows that there are large differences between the commercial catalysts regarding the oxidation capacity and the selectivity. One of the catalysts showed a very high oxidation capacity but relatively low selectivity. The emissions of both nitrogen dioxide and acetic acid became with this catalyst considerably larger than for the other two. On the other hand did the emission of acetaldehyde become lower than for the other two. The catalyst which were developed especially for ethanol fueled diesel vehicles showed somewhat higher selectivity for ethanol oxidation at most loading points. This gave very low emissions of acetic acid and low emissions of acetaldehyde. This catalyst showed on the other hand some oxidation of NO to NO(sub 2). Ageing in diesel exhaust did not impair the performance of this catalyst.
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| 10. |
- Zurita-Villarroel, Grover, et al.
(författare)
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Multivariate analysis of engine noise and exhaust emissions from an ethanol-fueled diesel engine
- 1997
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 1997 noise and vibration conference. - Warrendale, Pa. : Society of Automotive Engineers, Incorporated. - 0768000122
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The engine manufacturers have to meet more and more stringent regulations on both noise and exhaust emissions in the future requiring extensive optimization of all parameters of the engine. Soft modeling with statistically designed experiment (SDE) and Multivariate Analysis (MVA) can be an aid in this work. The analyses are based on cylinder pressure data, engine data and exhaust emissions data, with all measurements performed simultaneously. The effects of changes in fuel quality, load, speed, and injection timing on combustion noise and exhaust emissions were investigated using SDE and MVA. The engine was a modified 6-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine running on ethanol. The paper demonstrates the applicability of experimental design and multivariate methods for modeling and minimization of noise and exhaust emissions.
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