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| 3. |
- Andreasson, B., et al.
(författare)
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ASXL1 mutations, previous vascular complications and age at diagnosis predict survival in 85 WHO-defined polycythaemia vera patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: British Journal of Haematology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1048 .- 1365-2141. ; 189:5, s. 913-919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polycythaemia vera (PV) patients have an overall comparatively favourable prognosis, but disease progression is very heterogeneous and life-threatening thrombosis and bleedings are frequent complications in untreated disease. Moreover, transformation to more severe secondary myelofibrosis and acute myeloid leukaemia can occur. The aim of this study was to identify gene mutations that could be used together with clinical data as prognostic markers to guide treatment decisions in PV patients. A well-characterized WHO-defined cohort of PV patients was used. Clinical data and blood values were evaluated and a myeloid sequencing panel was used to screen for additional mutations other than the diagnostic JAK2 V617F and JAK2 exon 12 mutations. In 78% of the PV patients, at least one mutation additional to JAK2 V617F was detected. Additional mutations in genes coding for epigenetic modifiers, like TET2, DNMT3A and ASXL1, were most frequent. When correlated to overall survival, mutations in ASXL1 were significantly associated with inferior survival. In an attempt to obtain prognostic guidance in a larger number of patients, the presence of ASXL1 mutations was combined with age and vascular complications prior to diagnosis. Based on these data we were able to define three risk groups that predicted survival.
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| 4. |
- Arnberg, Harriet, et al.
(författare)
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Pilotförsök för generell övervakning av pollinatörer – resultat för fältsäsongen 2021
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lunds universitet har på uppdrag av Naturvårdsverket under 2021 utvärderat metodik för nationell pollinatörsövervakning. Metodiken bygger på rapporten ”Proposal for an EU pollinator monitoring scheme” som tagits fram av en expertgrupp inom EU (Potts m. fl. 2020) och ska kunna ge underlag för uppföljning av pollinatörer på nationell nivå med ett främsta fokus på landskapet utanför områden som omfattas av EU:s gemensamma jordbrukspolitik (CAP). Nationella anpassningar och möjliga förenklingar av det europeiska förslaget har utvärderats, och uppdraget har koordinerats med det förslag till övervakning av pollinatörer i jordbrukslandskapet som parallellt tagits fram av SLU. Under 2021 genomfördes inventering på 31 lokaler utplacerade i större delen av Sverige. Urvalet av lokaler gjordes så att det täckte in Sveriges tre biogeografiska regioner: den kontinentala (Götaland), den boreala (Götaland, Svealand, Norrland), samt den alpina regionen (Svealand, Norrland). För fältarbetet anlitades 18 inventerare på volontärbasis eller mot ersättning. Säsongen 2021 inleddes med framtagande av fällor och fältmateriel, etablerande av lokalnätverk, samt rekrytering av inventerare. Själva fältsäsongen påbörjades i början-mitten av juli och pågick med en provtagning per månad som mål. I södra Sverige pågick säsongen september ut medan den i norr avslutades när hösten infunnit sig i augusti-september.Flera olika metoder utvärderades, däribland färgskålefällor, transekter, blombesöksräkningar och nattfjärilsfällor. Såväl 2×2-km och 1×1-km rutor har inventerats och 6 respektive 24 timmars provtagning har testats. Totalt har 18 875 exemplar av 115 olika arter/grupper samlats in från färgskålefällorna. Vid transektinventeringen hittades 617 individer av 42 arter fjärilar, med 6,8 arter i snitt per 500 m transekt och 419 individer humlor, med 14,0 noterade exemplar i snitt per 500 m transekt. Totalt har 135 blombesöksräkningar gjorts och 391 exemplar av 136 arter nattfjärilar har insamlats och artbestämts med hjälp av nattfjärilsfällor. Det bör noteras att metodiken så här långt testats ca. en halv säsong och att det vore mycket värdefullt att utöka med en fältsäsong från april 2022 och framåt för att bland annat täcka in vårflygande solitärbin m. fl. grupper. Utifrån säsongens resultat rekommenderar vi 1×1-km rutor med 5 fällstationer per ruta snarare än 2×2-km rutor. Merarbetet för 2×2-km rutor och 10 fällstationer per ruta var betydande (mängd material att transportera, avstånd etc.), gav inte signifikant högre artantal, och de större rutorna var klart mindre populära bland inventerarna. Vi rekommenderar 6 timmars provtagning baserat på att det visade sig vara enklare att utföra samt resulterade i motsvarande artantal som 6 + 18 timmar respektive 24 timmar. För transektinventeringarna rekommenderar vi att a) fullständig artlista används för dagfjärilar, då inventerare i stor utsträckning har god artkännedom inom denna grupp, att b) den s.k. ”långlistan” (ett urval av typiska pollinatörer, Ahrné m. fl. 2021, Pettersson m. fl. 2022) provas i relation till enklare listor (exv. ”kortlistan”, Ahrné m. fl. 2021, Pettersson m. fl. 2022) för övriga tre grupper (humlor, solitärbin, blomflugor) och att c) utbildningsmaterial för ”långlistan” tas fram (online-resurser och föreläsningar). I sin enklaste form kan transektinventering fokusera på abundansmått (humlor, solitärbin, blomflugor) men vi rekommenderar en något högre taxonomisk upplösning motsvarande åtminstone kortlistan. För humlor kan metoder för mer detaljerad artidentifiering tas fram. Blombesöksräkningar (Carvell m. fl. 2016, Carvell m. fl. 2020) har visat sig vara en enkel och effektiv metod för att räkna pollinatörer och växt-pollinatörsinteraktioner. Metoden är populär bland volontärer och vi rekommenderar fortsatt användning och anpassning till svenska förhållanden.Nattfjärilsfällorna anlände sent på säsongen 2021 och behöver utvärderas under en längre period för att utrustningen och metodiken ska kunna testas väl, men initialt verkar de gett goda resultat. Vidare har vi gett i uppdrag till NRM att med hjälp av metabarcoding analysera en delmängd (95) av de sorterade och bestämda proverna från färgskålefällorna. Detta förväntas ge information om samstämmighet mellan metabarcoding och manuell analys.För att få en bild av hur pilotprojektets deltagare uppfattat uppdragets metodik och utmaningar har vi genomfört en detaljerad enkätundersökning motsvarande den i Carvell m. fl. (2016) bland inventerarna. Generellt har de varit positiva till sitt deltagande, pilotprojektets omfattning och samstämmiga i rekommendationen av 1×1-km rutor med 5 fällstationer per ruta. Många har i direkt kontakt med oss efterfrågat utbildningssatsningar för de svårare grupperna. Slutligen, för att erhålla data som speglar pollinatörssamhällets förändring över säsongen vore det önskvärt att fortsätta pilotförsöket i det etablerade lokalnätverket under 2022. Inventerare och utrustning finns på plats och kan påbörja säsongen så snart årstiden tillåter. En förlängning innebär även möjligheter till fördjupade analyser, i första hand ett mindre antal (4) 2×2-km rutor (Potts m. fl. 2020, ”superytor” i Pettersson m. fl. 2022) där kritiska mått som exv. effekten av fällantal, transektlängd, fångst¬period skulle kunna detaljstuderas med hjälp av anställd personal och därmed säkerställa analysstyrka. Det vore värdefullt för såväl det etablerade lokalnätverket som superytorna om utbildningsmaterial för långlistan kunde tas fram under 2022.
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| 5. |
- B. Araujo, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption energies on transition metal surfaces : towards an accurate and balanced description
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Density functional theory predictions of binding energies and reaction barriers provide invaluable data for analyzing chemical transformations in heterogeneous catalysis. For high accuracy, effects of band structure and coverage, as well as the local bond strength in both covalent and non-covalent interactions, must be reliably described and much focus has been put on improving functionals to this end. Here, we show that a correction from higher-level calculations on small metal clusters can be applied to improve periodic band structure adsorption energies and barriers. We benchmark against 38 reliable experimental covalent and non-covalent adsorption energies and five activation barriers with mean absolute errors of 2.2 kcal mol−1, 2.7 kcal mol−1, and 1.1 kcal mol−1, respectively, which are lower than for functionals widely used and tested for surface science evaluations, such as BEEF-vdW and RPBE.
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| 6. |
- B. Araujo, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Elucidating the role of Ni to enhance the methanol oxidation reaction on Pd electrocatalysts
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amongst promising available technologies enabling the transition to renewable energy sources, electrochemical oxidation of alcohols, in a direct fuel cell or in an electrolysis reaction (H-2 production), can be an economically and sustainable alternative to currently used technologies. In this work, we highlight the advantages of a Pd-Ni bimetallic electrocatalyst for methanol electrooxidation - a convenient choice due to the low cost of Ni combined with the observed acceptable catalytic performance of Pd. We report a synergistic effort between experiments and theoretical calculations based on density functional theory to provide an in-depth understanding - at the atomistic level - of the origin of the enhanced electrochemical activity of methanol electrooxidation using the bimetallic catalysts Pd3Ni and PdNi over pure Pd. Cyclic voltammograms and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) demonstrate higher activity towards methanol electrooxidation with increased Ni concentration and, furthermore, higher selectivity for CO2. These effects are understood by: 1) changes in the methanol oxidation reaction mechanism. 2) Mitigation or suppression of CO poisoning on the Pd-Ni alloys as compared to the pure Pd catalyst. 3) A stronger tendency towards highly oxidized intermediates for the alloys. These findings elucidate the effects of a bimetallic electrocatalyst for alcohol electrooxidation as well as unambiguously suggest PdNi as a more cost-effective alternative electrocatalyst.
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| 7. |
- Bakx, Tristan R.M., et al.
(författare)
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Farmland birds occupying forest clear-cuts respond to both local and landscape features
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127. ; 478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Agricultural landscapes have changed fast in Europe, which has led to steep declines in farmland biodiversity. While this has differentially impacted “farmland species”, some of these seem to be able to use alternative man-made open habitats in forests, such as forest clear-cuts and powerline rights-of-way. We investigated the use of clear-cuts by two historically declining farmland birds, the Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) and the Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio), to determine both local and landscape habitat characteristics of clear-cuts used for breeding. Among 101 clear-cuts visited in Scania, southern Sweden, 27% were occupied by Yellowhammers and 12% by Red-backed Shrikes. Yellowhammer occurrence in clear-cuts was positively related to local spruce cover (the planted tree species). There was also an interaction between clear-cut size and the proportion of farmland in the landscape, such that the positive effect of the proportion of farmland nearby was stronger for larger clear-cuts. Red-backed Shrike occurrence was positively related to clear-cut size and the local presence of piles of forest residues (tops and branches). The relation between occurrence and the proportion of clear-cuts in the landscape was positive for small clear-cuts and negative for larger ones. Yellowhammers and Red-backed shrikes are affected by both the local habitat structure in the clearcut and on the composition of the surrounding landscape, most likely because they use the clear-cut for nesting and the surroundings as complementary feeding habitat. To what extent clear-cuts as complementary breeding habitat to farmland may contribute to the conservation of Yellowhammers and Red-backed shrikes, as well as other farmland birds, is a promising path for future investigations.
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- Dahlin, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of biofuel- and lube oil-originated sulfur and phosphorus on the performance of Cu-SSZ-13 and V2O5-WO3/TiO2 SCR catalysts
- 2021
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Ingår i: Catalysis Today. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0920-5861 .- 1873-4308. ; 360, s. 326-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two different SCR catalysts, V2O5-WO3/TiO2 and Cu-SSZ-13, were exposed to biodiesel exhausts generated by a diesel burner. The effect of phosphorus and sulfur on the SCR performance of these catalysts was investigated by doping the fuel with P-, S-, or P + S-containing compounds. Elemental analyses showed that both catalysts captured phosphorus while only Cu-SSZ-13 captured sulfur. High molar P/V ratios, up to almost 3, were observed for V2O5-WO3/TiO2, while the highest P/Cu ratios observed were slightly above 1 for the Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst. Although the V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst captured more P than did the Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst, a higher degree of deactivation was observed for the latter, especially at low temperatures. For both catalysts, phosphorus exposure resulted in suppression of the SCR performance over the entire temperature range. Sulfur exposure, on the other hand, resulted in deactivation of the Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst mainly at temperatures below 300-350 °C. The use of an oxidation catalyst upstream of the SCR catalyst during the exhaust-exposure protects the SCR catalyst from phosphorus poisoning by capturing phosphorus. The results in this work will improve the understanding of chemical deactivation of SCR catalysts and aid in developing durable aftertreatment systems.
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| 9. |
- Engjom, Hilde, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 in pregnancy—characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital because of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Nordic countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6349 .- 1600-0412. ; 100:9, s. 1611-1619
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Population-based studies about the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) in pregnancy are few and have limited generalizability to the Nordic population and healthcare systems. Material and methods: This study examines pregnant women with COVID-19 in the five Nordic countries. Pregnant women were included if they were admitted to hospital between 1 March and 30 June 2020 and had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test ≤14 days prior to admission. Cause of admission was classified as obstetric or COVID-19-related. Results: In the study areas, 214 pregnant women with a positive test were admitted to hospital, of which 56 women required hospital care due to COVID-19. The risk of admission due to COVID-19 was 0.4/1000 deliveries in Denmark, Finland and Norway, and 3.8/1000 deliveries in the Swedish regions. Women hospitalized because of COVID-19 were more frequently obese (p < 0.001) and had a migrant background (p < 0.001) compared with the total population of women who delivered in 2018. Twelve women (21.4%) needed intensive care. Among the 56 women admitted due to COVID-19, 48 women delivered 51 infants. Preterm delivery (n = 12, 25%, p < 0.001) and cesarean delivery (n = 21, 43.8%, p < 0.001) were more frequent in women with COVID-19 compared with women who delivered in 2018. No maternal deaths, stillbirths or neonatal deaths were reported. Conclusions: The risk of admission due to COVID-19 disease in pregnancy was low in the Nordic countries. A fifth of the women required intensive care and we observed higher rates of preterm and cesarean deliveries. National public health policies appear to have had an impact on the risk of admission due to severe COVID-19 disease in pregnancy. Nordic collaboration is important in collecting robust data and assessing rare outcomes.
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| 10. |
- Franzén, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Urban moth communities suggest that life in the city favours thermophilic multi-dimensional generalists
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 287:1928, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biodiversity is challenged worldwide by exploitation, global warming, changes in land use and increasing urbanization. It is hypothesized that communities in urban areas should consist primarily of generalist species with broad niches that are able to cope with novel, variable, fragmented, warmer and unpredictable environments shaped by human pressures. We surveyed moth communities in three cities in northern Europe and compared them with neighbouring moth assemblages constituting species pools of potential colonizers. We found that urban moth communities consisted of multi-dimensional generalist species that had larger distribution ranges, more variable colour patterns, longer reproductive seasons, broader diets, were more likely to overwinter as an egg, more thermophilic, and occupied more habitat types compared with moth communities in surrounding areas. When body size was analysed separately, results indicated that city occupancy was associated with larger size, but this effect disappeared when body size was analysed together with the other traits. Our findings indicate that urbanization imposes a spatial filtering process in favour of thermophilic species characterized by high intraspecific diversity and multi-dimensional generalist lifestyles over specialized species with narrow niches.
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