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- Davidsson, Kent, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Potassium, chlorine, and sulfur in ash, particles, deposits, and corrosion during wood combustion in a circulating fluidized-bed boiler
- 2007
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Ingår i: Energy & Fuels. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-5029 .- 0887-0624. ; 21:1, s. 71-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of the addition of chlorine and/or sulfur to the fuel on fly ash composition, deposit formation, and superheater corrosion has been studied during biomass combustion in a circulating fluidized-bed boiler. The chlorine (HCl (aq)) and sulfur (SO2 (g)) were added in proportions of relevance for the potassium chemistry. The composition of the bottom and the fly ashes was analyzed. Gas and particle measurements were performed downstream of the cyclone before the convection pass and the flue gas composition was recorded in the stack with a series of standard instruments and an FTIR analyzer. At the position downstream of the cyclone, a deposit probe was situated, simulating a superheater tube. Deposits on the probe and initial corrosion were examined. It is concluded that addition of sulfur and chlorine increases the formation of submicron particles leading to deposition of potassium sulfate and chloride. The results compare well with earlier work based on laboratory-scale experiments concerning effects of chlorine and sulfur on potassium chemistry.
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| 3. |
- Blomqvist, Maria K., 1975, et al.
(författare)
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In vivo administration of the C16:0 fatty acid isoform of sulfatide increases pancreatic sulfatide and enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats
- 2005
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Ingår i: Diabetes Metab Res Rev. - : Wiley. ; 21:2, s. 158-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sulfatide is present in the secretory granules of beta cells and has been shown, in vitro, to be involved in insulin processing and secretion. Of particular interest is one of the major sulfatide isoforms in the beta cells, the C16:0 fatty acid isoform, which has been shown to be involved in insulin crystal preservation in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of C16:0 fatty acid isoform of sulfatide to affect insulin secretion and/or action and glycaemic control in the adipogenic 'prediabetic' Zucker rat. METHODS: The C16:0 sulfatide was administered to Zucker rats for 10 weeks, and fasting levels of plasma insulin and glucose were measured as well as levels after an intravenous (i.v.) glucose load. In addition, the sulfatide expression, examined by thin-layer chromatography-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and mass spectrometry, in the pancreas of C16:0 sulfatide-treated Zucker rats was compared to controls. RESULTS: The in vivo treatment of Zucker rats with C16:0 sulfatide resulted in significantly elevated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (60-80% increase, p < 0.05), without significant changes in glucose tolerance. The treatment was associated with an ameliorated first-phase insulin response (3-4-fold, p = 0.009, 0.016) and a 60% increase of pancreatic sulfatide content (p = 0.001), possible by an uptake of C16:0 sulfatide. The fasting hyperinsulinaemia and blood glucose levels were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment with C16:0 sulfatide elevates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and enhances sulfatide content in the pancreas of Zucker rats.
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| 5. |
- Christensson, Kyllike, et al.
(författare)
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The Challenge of Improving Perinatal Care in settings with Limited Resources : Observations of Midwifery Practices in Mozambique
- 2006
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Ingår i: African Journal of Reproductive Health. - Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria : Women's Health and Action Research Centre. - 1118-4841. ; 10:1, s. 47-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to observe and analyze midwifery care routine related to asphyxia and hypothermia during the perinatal period and to investigate the effect of an in-service education program. A direct non-participant pre-and post intervention observation study of midwifery a performance during childbirth was conducted at a labour ward in Maputo. The observed groups consisted of 702 and 616 midwifery –attended deliveries. Examination was also conducted of the partographs (702 vs. 616). The quality of midwifery care related to prevention and early detection of asphyxia and hypothermia was found to be inadequate and the intervention had no significant effect upon the midwives' performances. This could be attributed to the quality of the intervention itself or to failure of implementing managerial decisions such as transfer to partograph documentation from obstetricians to midwives. Change in professional performance does not automatically follow awareness of evidence-based midwifery practices, but requires behavioural change, which may be more difficult to achieve.
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| 8. |
- Fryknäs, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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STAT1 signaling is associated with acquired crossresistance to doxorubicin and radiation in myeloma cell lines
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 120:1, s. 189-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The myeloma cell line RPMI 8226/S and its doxorubicin resistant subline 8226/Dox40 were used as models to explore the potential importance of the STAT1 signaling pathway in drug and radiation resistance. The 40-fold doxorubicin resistant subline 8226/Dox40 was found to be crossresistant to single doses of 4 and 8 Gy of radiation. A genome-wide mRNA expression study comparing the 8226/Dox40 cell line to its parental line was performed to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms. Seventeen of the top 50 overexpressed genes have previously been implicated in the STAT1 signaling pathway. STAT1 was over expressed both at the mRNA and protein level. Moreover, analyses of nuclear extracts showed higher abundance of phosphorylated STAT1 (Tyr 701) in the resistant subline. Preexposure of the crossresistant cells to the STAT1 inhibiting drug fludarabine reduced expression of overexpressed genes and enhanced the effects of both doxorubicin and radiation. These results show that resistance to doxorubicin and radiation is associated with increased STAT1 signaling and can be modulated by fludarabine. The data support further development of therapies combining fludarabine and radiation.
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| 9. |
- Hak, Claudia S., 1976, et al.
(författare)
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A new approach to in-situ determination of roadside particle emission factors of individual vehicles under conventional driving conditions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 43:15, s. 2481-2488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for continuous on-road measurements of particle number emissions for both diesel- and petrol-fuelled vehicles is presented. The setup allows the determination of particle number emission factors on an individual vehicle basis by the simultaneous measurement of CO2 and particle concentrations. As an alternative to previous measurements on the kerbside, the sample is taken directly in the street, with the advantage of sampling in-situ within the exhaust plumes of passing vehicles, allowing the separation of the individual high-concentration plumes. The method was tested in two experiments that were conducted in the Gothenburg area. In the first study, which was performed at an urban roadside, we were able to determine particle emission factors from individual vehicles in a common car fleet passing the measurement site. The obtained emission factors were of the same order of magnitude (between 1.4 × 1012 and 1.8 × 1014 particles km−1) as values published in the recent literature for light duty vehicles. An additional on-road experiment was conducted at a rural road with four light duty reference vehicles (three of them petrol-powered and one diesel-powered) at driving speeds of 50 and 70 km h−1, realised with different engine speeds. The results of the traffic emission studies show that the method is applicable provided that instruments with an adequate dynamic range are used and that the traffic is not too dense. In addition, the variability in particle emissions for a specified driving condition was estimated.
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